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He S, Mang EH, Leff AC, Zhou X, Taheri ML, Marian J. Complex dislocation loop networks as natural extensions of the sink efficiency of saturated grain boundaries in irradiated metals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8395. [PMID: 38701213 PMCID: PMC11068005 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of radiation-tolerant structural materials is an essential element for the success of advanced nuclear energy concepts. A proven strategy to increase radiation resistance is to create microstructures with a high density of internal defect sinks, such as grain boundaries (GBs). However, as GBs absorb defects, they undergo internal transformations that limit their ability to capture defects indefinitely. Here, we show that, as the sink efficiency of GBs becomes exhausted with increasing irradiation dose, networks of irradiation loops form in the vicinity of saturated or near-saturated GB, maintaining and even increasing their capacity to continue absorbing defects. The formation of these networks fundamentally changes the driving force for defect absorption at GB, from "chemical" to "elastic." Using thermally-activated dislocation dynamics simulations, we show that these networks are consistent with experimental measurements of defect densities near GB. Our results point to these networks as a natural continuation of the GB once they exhaust their internal defect absorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily H. Mang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Xinran Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mitra L. Taheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jaime Marian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Malerba L, Anento N, Balbuena J, Becquart C, Castin N, Caturla M, Domain C, Guerrero C, Ortiz C, Pannier B, Serra A. Physical mechanisms and parameters for models of microstructure evolution under irradiation in Fe alloys – Part I: Pure Fe. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mechanisms for <100> interstitial dislocation loops to diffuse in BCC iron. Nat Commun 2021; 12:225. [PMID: 33431875 PMCID: PMC7801622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobility of dislocation loops in materials is a principle factor in understanding the mechanical strength, and the evolution of microstructures due to deformation and radiation. In body-centered cubic (BCC) iron, the common belief is that <100> interstitial dislocation loops are immobile once formed. However, using self-adaptive accelerated molecular dynamics (SSAMD), a new diffusion mechanism has been discovered for <100> interstitial dislocation loops. The key aspect of the mechanism is the changing of the habit planes between the {100} plane and the {110} plane, which provides a path for the <100> loops to diffuse one-dimensionally. The migration behavior modeled with SSAMD is further confirmed by in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements, and represents a significant step for understanding the formation of <100> loop walls and the mechanical behavior of BCC Fe under irradiation. The mobility of dislocation loops in materials is of key importance to understanding their deformation behavior. Here the authors using self-adaptive accelerated molecular dynamics show self-diffusion of <100> interstitial loops in body-centered cubic (BCC) iron by changing its habit plane as also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements.
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Byggmästar J, Granberg F, Sand AE, Pirttikoski A, Alexander R, Marinica MC, Nordlund K. Collision cascades overlapping with self-interstitial defect clusters in Fe and W. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:245402. [PMID: 30754035 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overlap of collision cascades with previously formed defect clusters become increasingly likely at radiation doses typical for materials in nuclear reactors. Using molecular dynamics, we systematically investigate the effects of different pre-existing self-interstitial clusters on the damage produced by an overlapping cascade in bcc iron and tungsten. We find that the number of new Frenkel pairs created in direct overlap with an interstitial cluster is reduced to essentially zero, when the size of the defect cluster is comparable to that of the disordered cascade volume. We develop an analytical model for this reduced defect production as a function of the spatial overlap between a cascade and a defect cluster of a given size. Furthermore, we discuss cascade-induced changes in the morphology of self-interstitial clusters, including transformations between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] dislocation loops in iron and tungsten, and between C15 clusters and dislocation loops in iron. Our results provide crucial new cascade-overlap effects to be taken into account in multi-scale modelling of radiation damage in bcc metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Byggmästar
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, PO Box 43, FIN-00014, Finland
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Gao N, Chen J, Kurtz RJ, Wang ZG, Zhang RF, Gao F. New understanding of nano-scale interstitial dislocation loops in BCC iron. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:455301. [PMID: 28872056 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8a47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex states of nanoscale interstitial dislocation loop can be described by its habit plane and Burgers vector. Using atomistic simulations, we provide direct evidences on the change of the habit plane of a 1/2〈1 1 1〉 loop from {1 1 1} to {1 1 0} and {2 1 1}, in agreement with TEM observations. A new {1 0 0} habit plane of this loop is also predicted by simulations. The non-conservation of the Burgers vector is approved theoretically for: (1) dislocation reactions between loops with different Burgers vectors and (2) the transition between 〈1 0 0〉 loops and 1/2〈1 1 1〉 loops. The rotation from a 1/2〈1 1 1〉 to a 〈1 0 0〉 loop has also been explored, which occurs at 570 K for time on the order of 10 s. The dislocation-precipitate phase duality and change of habit plane are then proposed as new features for nano-scale dislocation loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73000 LanZhou, People's Republic of China
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Ipatova I, Wady PT, Shubeita SM, Barcellini C, Impagnatiello A, Jimenez-Melero E. Characterisation of lattice damage formation in tantalum irradiated at variable temperatures. J Microsc 2017; 270:110-117. [PMID: 29091277 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of radiation-induced dislocation loops and voids in tantalum at 180(2), 345(3) and 590(5)°C was assessed by 3MeV proton irradiation experiments and subsequent damage characterisation using transmission electron microscopy. Voids formed at 345(3)°C and were arranged into a body centred cubic lattice at a damage level of 0.55 dpa. The low vacancy mobility at 180(2)°C impedes enough vacancy clustering and therefore the formation of voids visible by TEM. At 590(5)°C the Burgers vector of the interstitial-type dislocation loops is a<100>, instead of the a/2 <111> Burgers vector characteristic of the loops at 180(2) and 345(3)°C. The lower mobility of a<100> loops hinders the formation of voids at 590(5)°C up to a damage level of 0.55 dpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ipatova
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Dalton Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester, Moor Row, U.K
| | - P T Wady
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester, Moor Row, U.K
| | - S M Shubeita
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester, Moor Row, U.K
| | - C Barcellini
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - A Impagnatiello
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - E Jimenez-Melero
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
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Amino T, Arakawa K, Mori H. Detection of one-dimensional migration of single self-interstitial atoms in tungsten using high-voltage electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26099. [PMID: 27185352 PMCID: PMC4869112 DOI: 10.1038/srep26099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic behaviour of atomic-size disarrangements of atoms—point defects (self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) and vacancies)—often governs the macroscopic properties of crystalline materials. However, the dynamics of SIAs have not been fully uncovered because of their rapid migration. Using a combination of high-voltage transmission electron microscopy and exhaustive kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we determine the dynamics of the rapidly migrating SIAs from the formation process of the nanoscale SIA clusters in tungsten as a typical body-centred cubic (BCC) structure metal under the constant-rate production of both types of point defects with high-energy electron irradiation, which must reflect the dynamics of individual SIAs. We reveal that the migration dimension of SIAs is not three-dimensional (3D) but one-dimensional (1D). This result overturns the long-standing and well-accepted view of SIAs in BCC metals and supports recent results obtained by ab-initio simulations. The SIA dynamics clarified here will be one of the key factors to accurately predict the lifetimes of nuclear fission and fusion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Amino
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel &Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 1-8 Fuso-Cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0891, Japan
| | - K Arakawa
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - H Mori
- Research Centre for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Xu H, Stoller RE, Osetsky YN, Terentyev D. Solving the puzzle of <100> interstitial loop formation in bcc Iron. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:265503. [PMID: 23848895 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.265503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interstitial loop is a unique signature of radiation damage in structural materials for nuclear and other advanced energy systems. Unlike other bcc metals, two types of interstitial loops, 1/2<111> and <100>, are formed in bcc iron and its alloys. However, the mechanism by which <100> interstitial dislocation loops are formed has remained undetermined since they were first observed more than fifty years ago. We describe our atomistic simulations that have provided the first direct observation of <100> loop formation. The process was initially observed using our self-evolving atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo method, and subsequently confirmed using molecular dynamics simulations. Formation of <100> loops involves a distinctly atomistic interaction between two 1/2<111> loops, and does not follow the conventional assumption of dislocation theory, which is Burgers vector conservation between the reactants and the product. The process observed is different from all previously proposed mechanisms. Thus, our observations might provide a direct link between experiments and simulations and new insights into defect formation that may provide a basis to increase the radiation resistance of these strategic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixuan Xu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6138, USA.
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Kim SP, Chew HB, Chason E, Shenoy VB, Kim KS. Nanoscale mechanisms of surface stress and morphology evolution in FCC metals under noble-gas ion bombardments. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2012.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we uncover three new nanoplasticity mechanisms, operating in highly stressed interstitial-rich regions in face-centred-cubic (FCC) metals, which are particularly important in understanding evolution of surface stress and morphology of a FCC metal under low-energy noble-gas ion bombardments. The first mechanism is the configurational motion of self-interstitials in subsonic scattering during ion bombardments. We have derived a stability criterion of self-interstitial scattering during ion embedding, which consistently predicts the possibility of vacancy- and interstitial-rich double-layer formation for various ion bombardments. The second mechanism is the growth by gliding of prismatic dislocation loops (PDLs) in a highly stressed interstitial-rich zone. This mechanism allows certain prismatic dislocations with their Burgers vectors parallel to the surface to grow in subway-glide mode (SGM) during ion bombardment. The SGM growth creates a large population of nanometre-sized prismatic dislocations beneath the surface. The third mechanism is the Burgers vector switching of a PDL that leads to unstable eruption of adatom islands during certain ion bombardments of FCC metals. We have also derived the driving force and kinetics for the growth by gliding of prismatic dislocations in an interstitial-rich environment as well as the criterion for Burgers vector switching, which consistently clarifies previously unexplainable experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Pil Kim
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Huck Beng Chew
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric Chason
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Vivek B. Shenoy
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kyung-Suk Kim
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Maurel A, Pagneux V, Barra F, Lund F. Surface acoustic waves in interaction with a dislocation. ULTRASONICS 2010; 50:161-166. [PMID: 19850312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A surface acoustic wave can interact with dislocations that are close to the surface. We characterize this interaction and its manifestations as scattered surface acoustic waves for different orientations with respect to the surface of an edge dislocation. For dislocations that are parallel or perpendicular to the free surface, we present an analytical result for short dislocations with respect to the wave-length that reproduce qualitatively the main features observed for dislocations of various sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Maurel
- Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique, UMR CNRS 7587, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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Terentyev DA, Klaver TPC, Olsson P, Marinica MC, Willaime F, Domain C, Malerba L. Self-trapped interstitial-type defects in iron. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:145503. [PMID: 18518046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.145503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Small interstitial-type defects in iron with complex structures and very low mobilities are revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. The stability of these defect clusters formed by nonparallel {110} dumbbells is confirmed by density functional theory calculations, and it is shown to increase with increasing temperature due to large vibrational formation entropies. This new family of defects provides an explanation for the low mobility of clusters needed to account for experimental observations of microstructure evolution under irradiation at variance with the fast migration obtained from previous atomistic simulations for conventional self-interstitial clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Terentyev
- Nuclear Materials Science Institute, SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
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Dudarev SL, Bullough R, Derlet PM. Effect of the alpha-gamma phase transition on the stability of dislocation loops in bcc iron. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:135503. [PMID: 18517966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.135503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Body-centered-cubic iron develops an elastic instability, driven by spin fluctuations, near the alpha-gamma phase transition temperature T(c) = 912 degrees C that is associated with the dramatic reduction of the shear stiffness constant c' (c(11)-c(12))/2 near T(c). This reduction of c' has a profound effect on the temperature dependence of the anisotropic elastic self-energies of dislocations in iron. It also affects the relative stability of the a[100] and a/2[111] prismatic edge dislocation loops formed during irradiation. The difference between the anisotropic elastic free energies provides the fundamental explanation for the observed dominant occurrence of the a[100], as opposed to the a/2[111], Burgers vector configurations of prismatic dislocation loops in iron and iron-based alloys at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Dudarev
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
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Arakawa K, Ono K, Isshiki M, Mimura K, Uchikoshi M, Mori H. Observation of the One-Dimensional Diffusion of Nanometer-Sized Dislocation Loops. Science 2007; 318:956-9. [PMID: 17991859 DOI: 10.1126/science.1145386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Arakawa
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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Matsukawa Y, Zinkle SJ. One-Dimensional Fast Migration of Vacancy Clusters in Metals. Science 2007; 318:959-62. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1148336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Matsukawa
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Post Office Box 2008, TN 37831–6138, USA
- Center for Materials Processing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996–0750, USA
| | - Steven J. Zinkle
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Post Office Box 2008, TN 37831–6138, USA
- Center for Materials Processing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996–0750, USA
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Abstract
We have addressed two issues concerning the relative stabilities of various orienta- tions of interstitial clusters in iron by making a comprehensive comparison between four recent empirical potentials. First, we have investigated the effect of finite temperature on the com- petition between clusters made of a few dumbbells oriented along h111i or h110i. We show by quasi-harmonic calculations that h111i clusters have much larger vibrational formation en- tropies and that they are therefore stabilized with respect to h110i clusters at high temperature. Second, we have compared the formation energies of loops with several hundred atoms with Burgers vector 1 2 h111i or h100i. The 1 2 h111i loops are found to be always more stable, but the energy differences with h100i loops depend strongly on the potential.
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