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Meng Y, Gong A, Chen Z, Wang Q, Guo J, Li Z, Li J. Atomistic-Continuum Study of an Ultrafast Melting Process Controlled by a Femtosecond Laser-Pulse Train. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:185. [PMID: 38204038 PMCID: PMC10779960 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In femtosecond laser fabrication, the laser-pulse train shows great promise in improving processing efficiency, quality, and precision. This research investigates the influence of pulse number, pulse interval, and pulse energy ratio on the lateral and longitudinal ultrafast melting process using an experiment and the molecular dynamics coupling two-temperature model (MD-TTM model), which incorporates temperature-dependent thermophysical parameters. The comparison of experimental and simulation results under single and double pulses proves the reliability of the MD-TTM model and indicates that as the pulse number increases, the melting threshold at the edge region of the laser spot decreases, resulting in a larger diameter of the melting region in the 2D lateral melting results. Using the same model, the lateral melting results of five pulses are simulated. Moreover, the longitudinal melting results are also predicted, and an increasing pulse number leads to a greater early-stage melting depth in the melting process. In the case of double femtosecond laser pulses, the pulse interval and pulse energy ratio also affect the early-stage melting depth, with the best enhancement observed with a 2 ps interval and a 3:7 energy ratio. However, pulse number, pulse energy ratio, and pulse interval do not affect the final melting depth with the same total energies. The findings mean that the phenomena of melting region can be flexibly manipulated through the laser-pulse train, which is expected to be applied to improve the structural precision and boundary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
| | - An Gong
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianwu Guo
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiafang Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Renganathan P, Sharma SM, Turneaure SJ, Gupta YM. Real-time (nanoseconds) determination of liquid phase growth during shock-induced melting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5745. [PMID: 36827368 PMCID: PMC9956119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melting of solids is a fundamental natural phenomenon whose pressure dependence has been of interest for nearly a century. However, the temporal evolution of the molten phase under pressure has eluded measurements because of experimental challenges. By using the shock front as a fiducial, we investigated the time-dependent growth of the molten phase in shock-compressed germanium. In situ x-ray diffraction measurements at different times (1 to 6 nanoseconds) behind the shock front quantified the real-time growth of the liquid phase at several peak stresses. These results show that the characteristic time for melting in shock-compressed germanium decreases from ~7.2 nanoseconds at 35 gigapascals to less than 1 nanosecond at 42 gigapascals. Our melting kinetics results suggest the need to consider heterogeneous nucleation as a mechanism for shock-induced melting and provide an approach to measuring melting kinetics in shock-compressed solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Renganathan
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Surinder M. Sharma
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Stefan J. Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yogendra M. Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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3
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Shin J, Jung C, Ihm Y, Heo SP, Nam D, Kim S, Kim M, Eom I, Shim JH, Noh DY, Song C. Ultrafast Energy Transfer Process in Confined Gold Nanospheres Revealed by Femtosecond X-ray Imaging and Diffraction. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1481-1488. [PMID: 36723175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser pulses drive nonequilibrium phase transitions via reaction paths hidden in thermal equilibrium. This stimulates interest to understand photoinduced ultrafast melting processes, which remains incomplete due to challenges in resolving accompanied kinetics at the relevant space-time resolution. Here, by newly establishing a multiplexing femtosecond X-ray probe, we have successfully revealed ultrafast energy transfer processes in confined Au nanospheres. Real-time images of electron density distributions with the corresponding lattice structures elucidate that the energy transfer begins with subpicosecond melting at the specimen boundary earlier than the lattice thermalization, and proceeds by forming voids. Two temperature molecular dynamics simulations uncovered the presence of both heterogeneous melting with the melting front propagation from surface and grain boundaries and homogeneous melting with random melting seeds and nanoscale voids. Supported by experimental and theoretical results, we provide a comprehensive atomic-scale picture that accounts for the ultrafast laser-induced melting and evaporation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Physics, POSTECH; Pohang37673, Korea
- Korea Research Initiative, Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH; Pohang37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Chulho Jung
- Department of Physics, POSTECH; Pohang37673, Korea
- Korea Research Initiative, Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH; Pohang37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Yungok Ihm
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Phil Heo
- Department of Physics, POSTECH; Pohang37673, Korea
- Korea Research Initiative, Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH; Pohang37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Daewoong Nam
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Shim
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Do Young Noh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju61005, Korea
- Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon34126, Korea
| | - Changyong Song
- Department of Physics, POSTECH; Pohang37673, Korea
- Korea Research Initiative, Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH; Pohang37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang37673, Korea
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4
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Karna P, Hoque MSB, Thakur S, Hopkins PE, Giri A. Direct Measurement of Ballistic and Diffusive Electron Transport in Gold. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:491-496. [PMID: 36598434 PMCID: PMC9881161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally show that the ballistic length of hot electrons in laser-heated gold films can exceed ∼150 nm, which is ∼50% greater than the previously reported value of 100 nm inferred from pump-probe experiments. We also find that the mean free path of electrons at the peak temperature following interband excitation can reach upward of ∼45 nm, which is higher than the average value of 30 nm predicted from our parameter-free density functional perturbation theory. Our first-principles calculations of electron-phonon coupling reveal that the increase in the mean free path due to interband excitation is a consequence of drastically reduced electron-phonon coupling from lattice stiffening, thus providing the microscopic understanding of our experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Karna
- Department
of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Md Shafkat Bin Hoque
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Sandip Thakur
- Department
of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Patrick E. Hopkins
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department
of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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5
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Arefev MI, Shugaev MV, Zhigilei LV. Kinetics of laser-induced melting of thin gold film: How slow can it get? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2621. [PMID: 36129986 PMCID: PMC9491712 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melting is a common and well-studied phenomenon that still reveals new facets when triggered by laser excitation and probed with ultrafast electron diffraction. Recent experimental evidence of anomalously slow nanosecond-scale melting of thin gold films irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses motivates computational efforts aimed at revealing the underlying mechanisms of melting. Atomistic simulations reveal that a combined effect of lattice superheating and relaxation of laser-induced stresses ensures the dominance of the homogeneous melting mechanism at all energies down to the melting threshold and keeps the time scale of melting within ~100 picoseconds. The much longer melting times and the prominent contribution of heterogeneous melting inferred from the experiments cannot be reconciled with the atomistic simulations by any reasonable variation of the electron-phonon coupling strength, thus suggesting the need for further coordinated experimental and theoretical efforts aimed at addressing the mechanisms and kinetics of laser-induced melting in the vicinity of melting threshold.
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6
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Lv XQ, Li XY. Melting at Mg/Al interface in Mg-Al-Mg nanolayer by molecular dynamics simulations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:145701. [PMID: 34937008 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac45c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The melting at the magnesium/aluminum (Mg/Al) interface is an essential step during the fabrications of Mg-Al structural materials and biomaterials. We carried out molecular dynamics simulations on the melting at the Mg/Al interface in a Mg-Al-Mg nanolayer via analyzing the changes of average atomic potential energy, Lindemann index, heat capacity, atomic density distribution and radial distribution function with temperature. The melting temperatures (Tm) of the nanolayer and the slabs near the interface are significantly sensitive to the heating rate (vh) over the range ofvh ≤ 4.0 K ps-1. The distance (d) range in which the interface affects the melting of the slabs is predicted to be (-98.2, 89.9) Å atvh→0,if the interface is put atd = 0 and Mg (Al) is located at the left (right) side of the interface. TheTmof the Mg (Al) slab just near the interface (e.g.d=4.0Å) is predicted to be 926.8 K (926.6 K) atvh→0,with 36.9 K (37.1 K) below 963.7 K for the nanolayer. These results highlight the importance of regional research on the melting at an interface in the nanolayers consisting of two different metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qi Lv
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Laser Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
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7
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Karim ET, He M, Salhoumi A, Zhigilei LV, Galenko PK. Kinetics of solid-liquid interface motion in molecular dynamics and phase-field models: crystallization of chromium and silicon. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200320. [PMID: 34275355 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the crystallization process in one-component materials and solid solution alloys reveal a complex temperature dependence of the velocity of the crystal-liquid interface featuring an increase up to a maximum at 10-30% undercooling below the equilibrium melting temperature followed by a gradual decrease of the velocity at deeper levels of undercooling. At the qualitative level, such non-monotonous behaviour of the crystallization front velocity is consistent with the diffusion-controlled crystallization process described by the Wilson-Frenkel model, where the almost linear increase of the interface velocity in the vicinity of melting temperature is defined by the growth of the thermodynamic driving force for the phase transformation, while the decrease in atomic mobility with further increase of the undercooling drives the velocity through the maximum and into a gradual decrease at lower temperatures. At the quantitative level, however, the diffusional model fails to describe the results of MD simulations in the whole range of temperatures with a single set of parameters for some of the model materials. The limited ability of the existing theoretical models to adequately describe the MD results is illustrated in the present work for two materials, chromium and silicon. It is also demonstrated that the MD results can be well described by the solution following from the hodograph equation, previously found from the kinetic phase-field model (kinetic PFM) in the sharp interface limit. The ability of the hodograph equation to describe the predictions of MD simulation in the whole range of temperatures is related to the introduction of slow (phase field) and fast (gradient flow) variables into the original kinetic PFM from which the hodograph equation is obtained. The slow phase-field variable is responsible for the description of data at small undercoolings and the fast gradient flow variable accounts for local non-equilibrium effects at high undercoolings. The introduction of these two types of variables makes the solution of the hodograph equation sufficiently flexible for a reliable description of all nonlinearities of the kinetic curves predicted in MD simulations of Cr and Si. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eaman T Karim
- Department of Innovation and Technology Research, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745, USA
| | - Ahmed Salhoumi
- Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Department of Physics, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics (LPMC), University of Hassan II Casablanca, BP 7955 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Leonid V Zhigilei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745, USA
| | - Peter K Galenko
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Physics-Astronomy Faculty, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Laboratory of Multi-scale Mathematical Modeling, Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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8
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Ankudinov V, Elder KR, Galenko PK. Traveling waves of the solidification and melting of cubic crystal lattices. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:062802. [PMID: 33466054 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using the phase field crystal model (PFC model), an analysis of slow and fast dynamics of solid-liquid interfaces in solidification and melting processes is presented. Dynamical regimes for cubic lattices invading metastable liquids (solidification) and liquids propagating into metastable crystals (melting) are described in terms of the evolving amplitudes of the density field. Dynamical equations are obtained for body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal lattices in one- and two-mode approximations. A universal form of the amplitude equations is obtained for the three-dimensional dynamics for different crystal lattices and crystallographic directions. Dynamics of the amplitude's propagation for different lattices and PFC mode's approximations is qualitatively compared. The traveling-wave velocity is quantitatively compared with data of molecular dynamics simulation previously obtained by Mendelev et al. [Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 18, 074002 (2010)MSMEEU0965-039310.1088/0965-0393/18/7/074002] for solidification and melting of the aluminum fcc lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ankudinov
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow (Troitsk), Russia
| | - K R Elder
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4487, USA
| | - P K Galenko
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Ural Federal University, Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Department, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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9
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Blumenstein A, Garcia ME, Rethfeld B, Simon P, Ihlemann J, Ivanov DS. Formation of Periodic Nanoridge Patterns by Ultrashort Single Pulse UV Laser Irradiation of Gold. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1998. [PMID: 33050420 PMCID: PMC7600624 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A direct comparison of simulation and experimental results of UV laser-induced surface nanostructuring of gold is presented. Theoretical simulations and experiments are performed on an identical spatial scale. The experimental results have been obtained by using a laser wavelength of 248 nm and a pulse length of 1.6 ps. A mask projection setup is applied to generate a spatially periodic intensity profile on a gold surface with a sinusoidal shape and periods of 270 nm, 350 nm, and 500 nm. The formation of structures at the surface upon single pulse irradiation is analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). For the simulations, a hybrid atomistic-continuum model capable of capturing the essential mechanisms responsible for the nanostructuring process is used to model the interaction of the laser pulse with the gold target and the subsequent time evolution of the system. The formation of narrow ridges composed of two colliding side walls is found in the simulation as well as in the experiment and the structures generated as a result of the material processing are categorized depending on the range of applied fluencies and periodicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blumenstein
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Physics Department, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Martin E. Garcia
- Physics Department, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Baerbel Rethfeld
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Peter Simon
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Ihlemann
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Dmitry S. Ivanov
- Physics Department, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
- Quantum Electronics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Liao Y, Xiang M, Zhu X, Chen J, Tian X, Ge L. Heterogeneous melting kinetics in polycrystalline aluminum. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230028. [PMID: 32155196 PMCID: PMC7064259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous melting kinetics of polycrystalline aluminum is investigated by a theoretical model which represents the overall melting rate as a functional of the Weibull grain-size-distribution. It is found that the melting process is strongly affected by the mean-grain-diameter, but is insensitive to the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution. The temperature-time-transformation (TTT) diagrams are calculated to probe dependence of the characteristic timescale of melting on the overheating temperature and the mean-grain-diameter. The model predicts that the heterogeneous melting time of polycrystalline aluminum exponentially depends on temperature in high temperature range and the exponent constant is an intrinsic material constant independent of the mean-grain-diameter. Comparisons between TTT diagrams of heterogeneous melting and homogenous melting are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meizhen Xiang
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MX); (JC)
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MX); (JC)
| | - Xia Tian
- College of Mechanics and Materials, HoHai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ge
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Kanitz A, Kalus MR, Gurevich EL, Ostendorf A, Barcikowski S, Amans D. Review on experimental and theoretical investigations of the early stage, femtoseconds to microseconds processes during laser ablation in liquid-phase for the synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ab3dbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Mo M, Murphy S, Chen Z, Fossati P, Li R, Wang Y, Wang X, Glenzer S. Visualization of ultrafast melting initiated from radiation-driven defects in solids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw0392. [PMID: 31139748 PMCID: PMC6534394 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Materials exposed to extreme radiation environments such as fusion reactors or deep spaces accumulate substantial defect populations that alter their properties and subsequently the melting behavior. The quantitative characterization requires visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the atomic-scale length through measurements of the pair correlation function. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that electron diffraction at relativistic energies opens a new approach for studies of melting kinetics. Our measurements in radiation-damaged tungsten show that the tungsten target subjected to 10 displacements per atom of damage undergoes a melting transition below the melting temperature. Two-temperature molecular dynamics simulations reveal the crucial role of defect clusters, particularly nanovoids, in driving the ultrafast melting process observed on the time scale of less than 10 ps. These results provide new atomic-level insights into the ultrafast melting processes of materials in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianzhen Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Samuel Murphy
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
- Corresponding author. (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhijiang Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Paul Fossati
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AB, UK
- DEN—Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), CEA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Siegfried Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.G.)
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13
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Mo MZ, Chen Z, Li RK, Dunning M, Witte BBL, Baldwin JK, Fletcher LB, Kim JB, Ng A, Redmer R, Reid AH, Shekhar P, Shen XZ, Shen M, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Tsui YY, Wang YQ, Zheng Q, Wang XJ, Glenzer SH. Heterogeneous to homogeneous melting transition visualized with ultrafast electron diffraction. Science 2018; 360:1451-1455. [PMID: 29954977 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast laser excitation of matters leads to nonequilibrium states with complex solid-liquid phase-transition dynamics. We used electron diffraction at mega-electron volt energies to visualize the ultrafast melting of gold on the atomic scale length. For energy densities approaching the irreversible melting regime, we first observed heterogeneous melting on time scales of 100 to 1000 picoseconds, transitioning to homogeneous melting that occurs catastrophically within 10 to 20 picoseconds at higher energy densities. We showed evidence for the heterogeneous coexistence of solid and liquid. We determined the ion and electron temperature evolution and found superheated conditions. Our results constrain the electron-ion coupling rate, determine the Debye temperature, and reveal the melting sensitivity to nucleation seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Z Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - R K Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M Dunning
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - B B L Witte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J K Baldwin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Road, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J B Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A Ng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - P Shekhar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - X Z Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - K Sokolowski-Tinten
- Faculty of Physics and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Y Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Y Q Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Road, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Q Zheng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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14
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Chen Z, Mo M, Soulard L, Recoules V, Hering P, Tsui YY, Glenzer SH, Ng A. Interatomic Potential in the Nonequilibrium Warm Dense Matter Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:075002. [PMID: 30169102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new measurement of lattice disassembly times in femtosecond-laser-heated polycrystalline Au nanofoils. The results are compared with molecular dynamics simulations incorporating a highly optimized, embedded-atom-method interatomic potential. For absorbed energy densities of 0.9-4.3 MJ/kg, the agreement between the experiment and simulation reveals a single-crystal-like behavior of homogeneous melting and corroborates the applicability of the interatomic potential in the nonequilibrium warm dense matter regime. For energy densities below 0.9 MJ/kg, the measurement is consistent with nanocrystal behavior where melting is initiated at the grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Soulard
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - P Hering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G-2V4, Canada
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Ng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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15
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16
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Donovan BF, Tomko JA, Giri A, Olson DH, Braun JL, Gaskins JT, Hopkins PE. Localized thin film damage sourced and monitored via pump-probe modulated thermoreflectance. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:054903. [PMID: 28571466 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Damage in the form of dewetting and delamination of thin films is a major concern in applications requiring micro- or nano-fabrication. In non-contact nanoscale characterization, optical interrogation must be kept to energies below damage thresholds in order to conduct measurements such as pump-probe spectroscopy. In this study, we show that the thermoreflectance of thin films can indicate the degree of film damage induced by a modulated optical heating source. By adjusting the absorbed power of the pump heating event, we identify the characteristics of the change in the thermoreflectance signal when leading up to and exceeding the damage threshold of gold films of varying thicknesses on glass substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F Donovan
- Department of Physics, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA
| | - John A Tomko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - David H Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Braun
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - John T Gaskins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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17
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Tylinski M, Sepúlveda A, Walters DM, Chua YZ, Schick C, Ediger MD. Vapor-deposited glasses of methyl-m-toluate: How uniform is stable glass transformation? J Chem Phys 2015; 143:244509. [PMID: 26723694 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AC chip nanocalorimetry is used to characterize vapor-deposited glasses of methyl-m-toluate (MMT). Physical vapor deposition can prepare MMT glasses that have lower heat capacity and significantly higher kinetic stability compared to liquid-cooled glasses. When heated, highly stable MMT glasses transform into the supercooled liquid via propagating fronts. We present the first quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial uniformities of these transformation fronts. The front velocity varies by less than 4% over the duration of the transformation. For films 280 nm thick, the transformation rates at different spatial positions in the film differ by about 25%; this quantity may be related to spatially heterogeneous dynamics in the stable glass. Our characterization of the kinetic stability of MMT stable glasses extends previous dielectric experiments and is in excellent agreement with these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tylinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Sepúlveda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Diane M Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Z Chua
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 43-45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 43-45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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18
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Wu C, Karim ET, Volkov AN, Zhigilei LV. Atomic Movies of Laser-Induced Structural and Phase Transformations from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LASERS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02898-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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19
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Wang S, Zhang G, Liu H, Song H. Modified Z method to calculate melting curve by molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:134101. [PMID: 23574202 DOI: 10.1063/1.4798225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We extend the recently proposed Z method of estimating the melting temperature from a complete liquid and propose a modified Z method to calculate the melting temperature from a solid-liquid coexistence state. With the simulation box of rectangular parallelepiped, an initial structure of perfect lattice can run in the microcanonical ensemble to achieve steady solid-liquid coexistence state. The melting pressure and temperature are estimated from the coexistence state. For the small system with 1280 atoms, the simulation results show that the melting curve of copper has a good agreement with the experiments and is identical in accuracy with the results of the two-phase coexistence method with 24 000 atoms in the literature. Moreover, the method is conceptually simpler than the two-phase coexistence method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichuang Wang
- Data Center for High Energy Density Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
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20
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Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the order-to-disorder transition in bulk and nanometre-sized Cu₃Au systems. The Helmholtz free energy difference between ordered and disordered phases was evaluated at different temperatures through the Bennett's method. The change of free energy differences with temperature was employed to identify the transition temperatures. The obtained information was used to study the dynamics of a nanometre-sized Cu₃Au particle in a He gas thermostat at the transition temperature. It is shown that the system underwent rapid fluctuation in the chemical order degree related to the formation of vacancies and of atoms with defective coordination. Additional information on surface energies was also gained through a thermodynamic description of the transition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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21
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Phillips CL, Magyar RJ, Crozier PS. A two-temperature model of radiation damage in α-quartz. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:144711. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3481356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Zhigilei LV, Lin Z, Ivanov DS, Leveugle E, Duff WH, Thomas D, Sevilla C, Guy SJ. Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions. LASER-SURFACE INTERACTIONS FOR NEW MATERIALS PRODUCTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03307-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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23
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Phillips CL, Crozier PS. An energy-conserving two-temperature model of radiation damage in single-component and binary Lennard-Jones crystals. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:074701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3204030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Chan WL, Averback RS, Cahill DG, Ashkenazy Y. Solidification velocities in deeply undercooled silver. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:095701. [PMID: 19392534 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.095701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We measure the solidification velocity of pure Ag as a function of undercooling temperature from the melting point (Tm=1235 K) to 0.6Tm using ultrafast, pump-probe laser experiments. The thickness of the liquid layer, while it solidifies, is measured using optical third harmonic generation. We show that velocity reaches a maximum value at 0.85Tm, and then remains nearly constant with additional undercooling. These results contradict simple collision-limited models, but they are in good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations presented here, which show that the crystallization velocity depends weakly on temperature from 0.85Tm to less than approximately 0.1Tm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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