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Lan Anh H, Duc Nhan D, Minh Quynh T. Stable isotope signatures of deuterium, oxygen 18, and carbon 13 (δ 2H, δ 18O, δ 13C) in imported apples available in the markets of Vietnam. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100576. [PMID: 36845490 PMCID: PMC9944554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines whether fresh apples from the United States, New Zealand, and China sold in the markets of Vietnam can be distinguished based on the stable isotopic signatures of their water and carbon (δ2H, δ18O, and δ13C). The δ2H and δ18O in apples from the United States were found to average - 100.1 ‰ and - 10.5 ‰ vs VSMOW, respectively, lighter than those from New Zealand and China. In apples from China, the δ13CVBDP averaged - 25.8 ‰, which is more enriched than apples from the United States and New Zealand. A clear distinction was shown in the δ2H, δ18O, and δ13C values in apple samples from the three regions based on the statistical treatment at a 95 % confidence level and p < 0.05. This method is reliable enough to control the import and export of agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Lan Anh
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute,Address: 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dang Duc Nhan
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute,Address: 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Quynh
- Hanoi Irradiation Center, Vietnam, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, QL32, Minh Khai, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
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2
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Cueni F, Nelson DB, Lehmann MM, Boner M, Kahmen A. Constraining parameter uncertainty for predicting oxygen and hydrogen isotope values in fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5016-5032. [PMID: 35512408 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding δ18O and δ2H values of agricultural products like fruit is of particular scientific interest in plant physiology, ecology, and forensic studies. Applications of mechanistic stable isotope models to predict δ18O and δ2H values of water and organic compounds in fruit, however, are hindered by a lack of empirical parameterizations and validations. We addressed this lack of data by experimentally evaluating model parameter values required to model δ18O and δ2H values of water and organic compounds in berries and leaves from strawberry and raspberry plants grown at different relative humidities. Our study revealed substantial differences between leaf and berry isotope values, consistent across the different relative humidity treatments. We demonstrated that existing isotope models can reproduce water and organic δ18O and δ2H values for leaves and berries. Yet, these simulations require organ-specific model parameterization to accurately predict δ18O and δ2H values of leaf and berry tissue and water pools. We quantified these organ-specific model parameters for both species and relative humidity conditions. Depending on the required model accuracy, species- and environment-specific model parameters may be justified. The parameter values determined in this study thus facilitate applications of stable isotope models where understanding δ18O and δ2H values of fruit is of scientific interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Cueni
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Agroisolab GmbH, Professor-Rehm-Strasse 6, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel B Nelson
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Markus Boner
- Agroisolab GmbH, Professor-Rehm-Strasse 6, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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A comparative authentication study of fresh fruit and vegetable juices using whole juice and sugar-specific stable isotopes. Food Chem 2022; 373:131535. [PMID: 34865923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Not-from-concentrate (NFC) juice has better nutrition, flavor and higher price than reconstituted juice. Accordingly, NFC juice is prone to adulteration and is an ongoing industry problem that has not yet been resolved. Undeclared addition of water and sugar are the main forms of NFC juice adulteration. This paper investigates the carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O values) of the bulk juice and different juice components from 21 fruit and vegetable juices, and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the addition of water and sugar in NFC juices. The results show that the use of fruit pulp can help to qualitatively and quantitatively indicate the presence of C4 plant sugars in NFC juice, and can reliably detect added C4 plant sugars above 7 %. Sugar-specific isotope analysis (SSIA) technology was used to determine the δ13C values of different sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and carbon content to qualitatively infer C3 plant sugar addition. Pulp extracted from juice had a good linear relationship with the juice water δ18O values (R2 >0.90). The addition of water to NFC juice can also be determined by comparing δ18O values of extraneous water, pulp and filtered juice. Stable isotope technology confirmed NFC juice adulteration of in-market samples using the pulp as an internal reference and was found to be a useful tool to detect adulteration of in-market NFC juice.
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Akamatsu F, Shimizu H, Hayashi S, Kamada A, Igi Y, Koyama K, Yamada O, Goto-Yamamoto N. Chemometric approaches for determining the geographical origin of Japanese Chardonnay wines using oxygen stable isotope and multi-element analyses. Food Chem 2022; 371:131113. [PMID: 34571407 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Determining the geographical origin of wines is a major challenge in wine authentication, but little information is available regarding non-parametric statistical approaches for wines. In this study, we collected 33 domestic Chardonnay wines vinified on a small scale from grapes cultivated in Japan, and 42 Chardonnay wines imported from 8 countries, for oxygen stable isotope and multi-element analyses. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to the oxygen stable isotopic compositions (δ18O) and the concentrations of 18 elements in the wines to compare the extractions by parametric and non-parametric methods. The non-parametric methods, NMDS and KPCA, separated domestic from imported Chardonnay wines better than the parametric method, PCA. Of 19 variables, 18 were important for geographical discrimination, with the δ18O value being the most significant in all statistic methods. Non-parametric multivariate analyses will help discriminate domestic from imported Chardonnay wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Akamatsu
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Sakura Hayashi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Aya Kamada
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yukari Igi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Kazuya Koyama
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamada
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Nami Goto-Yamamoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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5
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Schuler P, Cormier M, Werner RA, Buchmann N, Gessler A, Vitali V, Saurer M, Lehmann MM. A high-temperature water vapor equilibration method to determine non-exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratios of sugar, starch and cellulose. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:12-22. [PMID: 34564870 PMCID: PMC9291759 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the non-exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratio (δ2 Hne ) in carbohydrates is mostly limited to the structural component cellulose, while simple high-throughput methods for δ2 Hne values of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) such as sugar and starch do not yet exist. Here, we tested if the hot vapor equilibration method originally developed for cellulose is applicable for NSC, verified by comparison with the traditional nitration method. We set up a detailed analytical protocol and applied the method to plant extracts of leaves from species with different photosynthetic pathways (i.e., C3 , C4 and CAM). δ2 Hne of commercial sugars and starch from different classes and sources, ranging from -157.8 to +6.4‰, were reproducibly analysed with precision between 0.2‰ and 7.7‰. Mean δ2 Hne values of sugar are lowest in C3 (-92.0‰), intermediate in C4 (-32.5‰) and highest in CAM plants (6.0‰), with NSC being 2 H-depleted compared to cellulose and sugar being generally more 2 H-enriched than starch. Our results suggest that our method can be used in future studies to disentangle 2 H-fractionation processes, for improving mechanistic δ2 Hne models for leaf and tree-ring cellulose and for further development of δ2 Hne in plant carbohydrates as a potential proxy for climate, hydrology, plant metabolism and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schuler
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Marc‐André Cormier
- Department of Earth Sciences, Research Group of Ocean BiogeochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Group of Grassland SciencesETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Group of Grassland SciencesETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Valentina Vitali
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Marco M. Lehmann
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
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6
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Late Pleistocene human paleoecology in the highland savanna ecosystem of mainland Southeast Asia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16756. [PMID: 34408215 PMCID: PMC8373907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The late Pleistocene settlement of highland settings in mainland Southeast Asia by Homo sapiens has challenged our species's ability to occupy mountainous landscapes that acted as physical barriers to the expansion into lower-latitude Sunda islands during sea-level lowstands. Tham Lod Rockshelter in highland Pang Mapha (northwestern Thailand), dated between 34,000 and 12,000 years ago, has yielded evidence of Hoabinhian lithic assemblages and natural resource use by hunter-gatherer societies. To understand the process of early settlements of highland areas, we measured stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of Tham Lod human and faunal tooth enamel. Our assessment of the stable carbon isotope results suggests long-term opportunistic behavior among hunter-gatherers in foraging on a variety of food items in a mosaic environment and/or inhabiting an open forest edge during the terminal Pleistocene. This study reinforces the higher-latitude and -altitude extension of a forest-grassland mosaic ecosystem or savanna corridor (farther north into northwestern Thailand), which facilitated the dispersal of hunter-gatherers across mountainous areas and possibly allowed for consistency in a human subsistence strategy and Hoabinhian technology in the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia over a 20,000-year span near the end of the Pleistocene.
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7
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Zhaxi C, Zhao S, Zhang T, Dong H, Liu H, Zhao Y. Stable isotopes verify geographical origin of Tibetan chicken. Food Chem 2021; 358:129893. [PMID: 33940300 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the particularity of origin area, the yield and price of Tibetan chicken are different from those in the plain areas, which leads to chickens from the plains being disguised as Tibetan chickens. In present study, Tibetan chicken and chicken from other four provinces in plain areas were distinguished by stable isotopes and chemometric methods. The cross-validation rate was 97.6%. Secondly, correlation between mean δ13C, δ15N, δ2H and δ18O values in chicken samples and environmentalparameters was investigated. These indicators are closely related to geographical environment. δ13C and δ15N values were positively correlated with longitude (R = 0.955) and altitude (R = 0.796), respectively. δ18O and δ2H values were negatively correlated with latitude (R = 0.903) and altitude (R = 0.938), respectively. At last, we used stable isotopes to trace Tibetan chicken from the different area of Tibet. When four stable isotope ratios were combined, we can distinguish them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cidan Zhaxi
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-product, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tangwei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-product, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet 850032, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- Tibet Autonomous Region Agricultural and Livestock Product Quality and Safety Inspection Testing Center, Lhasa 850211, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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8
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Francois G, Fabrice V, Didier M. Traceability of fruits and vegetables. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 173:112291. [PMID: 32106013 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Food safety and traceability are nowadays a constant concern for consumers, and indeed for all actors in the food chain, including those involved in the fruit and vegetable sector. For the EU, the principles and legal requirements of traceability are set out in Regulation 178/2002. Currently however the regulation does not describe any analytical traceability tools. Furthermore, traceability systems for fruits and vegetables face increasing competition due to market globalization. The current challenge for actors in this sector is therefore to be sufficiently competitive in terms of price, traceability, quality and safety to avoid scandal and fraud. For all these reasons, new, flexible, cheap and efficient traceability tools, as isotopic analysis, DNA fingerprinting and metabolomic profiling coupled with chemometrics are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyon Francois
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, Laboratoire de Bordeaux/Pessac, 3 Avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Vaillant Fabrice
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; AGROSAVIA (Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research), C.I. La Selva, Km 7 via las Palmas, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Montet Didier
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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9
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Zhao S, Zhao Y, Rogers KM, Chen G, Chen A, Yang S. Application of multi-element (C, N, H, O) stable isotope ratio analysis for the traceability of milk samples from China. Food Chem 2019; 310:125826. [PMID: 31767489 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cow milk samples from various provinces in China were collected, and the effects of lactation stage, sampling time, and geographic origin on the samples were studied by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Traceability accuracy was determined using δ13C, δ15N, δ2H and δ18O values to specifically assign geographic origin. Stable isotope ratios of C, N, H and O were not significantly different among three lactation stages; however the δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O values of milk were influenced by sampling time. Furthermore, there were highly significant regional differences in the mean δ13C and δ15N values of milk. In summary, the lactation stage had no effect on the traceability of milk, whereas sampling time and geographic origin did affect milk traceability. Different geographic locations with a separation distance greater than 0.7 km can be distinguished using multi-element (C, N, H, O) stable isotope ratio analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Karyne M Rogers
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Orellana S, Johansen AM, Gazis C. Geographic classification of U.S. Washington State wines using elemental and water isotope composition. FOOD CHEMISTRY-X 2019; 1:100007. [PMID: 31432007 PMCID: PMC6694863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2019.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Wine fraud leaves wineries vulnerable to damage in reputation and potential lost revenue. To reduce this risk for wines from Washington State (WA), USA, advanced analytical instrumentation and statistical methods were employed to geographically classify 133 wines from 4 major wine producing regions, including 70 wines from WA. Analyses of 37 elements and 2 water isotopes were performed with Triple Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis resulted in 96.2% discrimination, achieved with 11 parameters (Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, As, D/H, La, Ce, Si, Zr and Sr) that were linearly combined into 3 functions. WA wines were uniquely distinguished in large part with low D/H ratios and Mn concentrations derived from the isotopically light precipitation and volcanic loess soils encountered in this region, respectively. This study is the first of its kind to focus on the authentication of WA wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Orellana
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926, United States
| | - Anne M Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926, United States
| | - Carey Gazis
- Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926, United States
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11
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Chen G, Schäufele R, Auerswald K. Ambient Conditions and Feeding Strategy Influence δ 18O of Milk Water in Cows (Bos taurus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7387-7395. [PMID: 28780863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There are increasing concerns by consumers regarding agricultural product traceability and authenticity. Oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) has been used in this context based on the relationship between δ18O of animal products and annual precipitation. However, in dairy products this relationship is affected by the seasonality of δ18O in milk water which in turn depends on the feeding system used. We measured 608 milk samples from 28 farms with various feeding strategies in southern Germany throughout the year, investigating the influences of ambient conditions, drinking water source, and feeding strategies on seasonal variation of δ18O in milk water (δmilk). The mechanistic Munich-Kohn model reflecting these influences predicted the seasonal and farm-specific variation of δmilk well. The relationship between δ18O of precipitation and δmilk varied in different feeding strategies. The interplay of ambient conditions and feeding strategy on δmilk should thus be carefully considered when identifying the origin of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München , Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München , Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Karl Auerswald
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München , Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
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12
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Reitsema LJ. Laboratory and field methods for stable isotope analysis in human biology. Am J Hum Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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13
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Carter JF, Yates HSA, Tinggi U. Isotopic and Elemental Composition of Roasted Coffee as a Guide to Authenticity and Origin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5771-5779. [PMID: 26001050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the stable isotopic and elemental compositions of single-origin, roasted coffees available to retail consumers. The δ(13)C, δ(15)N, and δ(18)O compositions were in agreement with those previously reported for green coffee beans. The δ(15)N composition was seen to be related to organic cultivation, reflected in both δ(2)H and δ(18)O compositions. The δ(13)C composition of extracted caffeine differed little from that of the bulk coffee. Stepwise discriminant analysis with jackknife tests, using isotopic and elemental data, provided up to 77% correct classification of regions of production. Samples from Africa and India were readily classified. The wide range in both isotopic and elemental compositions of samples from other regions, specifically Central/South America, resulted in poor discrimination between or within these regions. Simpler X-Y and geo-spatial plots of the isotopic data provided effective visual means to distinguish between coffees from different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Carter
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Hans S A Yates
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Ujang Tinggi
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
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14
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Greule M, Rossmann A, Schmidt HL, Mosandl A, Keppler F. A stable isotope approach to assessing water loss in fruits and vegetables during storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1974-1981. [PMID: 25674668 DOI: 10.1021/jf505192p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue water is the source of oxygen and hydrogen in organic biomatter. Recently, we demonstrated that the stable hydrogen isotope value (δ(2)H) of plant methoxyl groups is a very reliable and easily available archive for the δ(2)H value of this tissue water. Here we show in a model experiment that the δ(2)H values of methoxyl groups remain unchanged after water loss during storage of fruits and vegetables under controlled conditions, while δ(2)H and δ(18)O values of tissue water increase. This enhancement is plant-dependent, and the correlation differs from the meteoric water line. The δ(18)O value is better correlated to the weight decrease of the samples. Therefore, we postulate that the δ(2)H value of methoxyl groups and the δ(18)O value of tissue water are suitable parameters for checking postharvest alterations of tissue water, either addition or loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Carter JF, Yates HSA, Tinggi U. Stable isotope and chemical compositions of European and Australasian ciders as a guide to authenticity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:975-982. [PMID: 25536876 DOI: 10.1021/jf5030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a data set derived from the analysis of bottled and canned ciders that may be used for comparison with suspected counterfeit or substitute products. Isotopic analysis of the solid residues from ciders (predominantly sugar) provided a means to determine the addition of C4 plant sugars. The added sugars were found to comprise cane sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, glucose, or combinations. The majority of ciders from Australia and New Zealand were found to contain significant amounts of added sugar, which provided a limited means to distinguish these ciders from European ciders. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the whole ciders (predominantly water) were shown to be controlled by two factors, the water available to the parent plant and evaporation. Analysis of data derived from both isotopic and chemical analysis of ciders provided a means to discriminate between regions and countries of manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Carter
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
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Bejjani J, Balaban M, Rizk T. A sharper characterization of the geographical origin of Lebanese wines by a new interpretation of the hydrogen isotope ratios of ethanol. Food Chem 2014; 165:134-9. [PMID: 25038659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen isotope ratios of the methyl [(D/H)I] and methylene [(D/H)II] groups in ethanol can be used as geographical origin tracers of wines. These ratios reflect not only the deuterium content of sugars but also that of water in the grape medium, and hence are influenced by the irrigation, the degree of ripeness at harvest, and other viticultural and enological practices. Thus, the isotopic redistribution coefficients between water in the grape must and the methyl and methylene sites of ethanol were determined and then used to compute an isotopic ratio [(D/H)Is] representing the contribution of the fermentable sugars to (D/H)I. To evaluate the discrimination power of (D/H)Is, the ethanol D/H ratios of 78 Lebanese wine samples from different vineyards were determined using the SNIF-NMR method. An improved classification at the subregional level was obtained using (D/H)Is which exhibits an inverse linear correlation with the annual precipitation amount. Furthermore, the variations of the ethanol D/H ratios with the degree of grape ripeness and with the juice fractions obtained from the inner and peripheral pulps of the grape berries were studied on a small sample set. These factors should be considered when using the SNIF-NMR results to characterize the geographical origin of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bejjani
- Unité de recherche: Technologies et Valorisation Agroalimentaire, Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Fractionnement Isotopique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, P.O. Box 11-514 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Maha Balaban
- Unité de recherche: Technologies et Valorisation Agroalimentaire, Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Fractionnement Isotopique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, P.O. Box 11-514 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
| | - Toufic Rizk
- Unité de recherche: Technologies et Valorisation Agroalimentaire, Laboratoire de Métrologie et de Fractionnement Isotopique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, P.O. Box 11-514 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
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δ18O of Ethanol in Wine and Spirits for Authentication Purposes. J Food Sci 2013; 78:C839-44. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Magdas DA, Puscas R. Stable isotopes determination in some Romanian fruit juices. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2011; 47:372-8. [PMID: 21892892 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2011.600454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The characterisation of 45 Romanian single-strength fruit juices (apples, pears, plums and grapes) collected from different Transylvanian areas by means of stable isotope approach are presented and discussed in this study. We measured (2)H/(1)H, (18)O/(16)O ratios from water juice and (13)C/(12)C from pulp and compared these results with those already reported in the literature for single-strength juices, in order to see how the geographical and climatic conditions of Transylvania and the meteorological peculiarities of the year 2010 influence the isotopic composition of the investigated fruit juices. The δ(13)C mean values that we found for apple pulp picked up from different Transylvanian areas show slight differences, probably due to the environmental conditions of the plants. No significant correlation either between the variety of apple or the geographical origin and δ(13)C value was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Alina Magdas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca 5, Romania.
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Chenery CA, Lamb AL, O'Regan HJ, Elton S. Multi-tissue analysis of oxygen isotopes in wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:779-788. [PMID: 21337640 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen isotopes in animal tissues are directly related to body water composition and thus the environment. Accurate measurement of animal tissue δ(18)O provides information about local climate, an animal's geographical origin and subsequent movements, with wide applications in palaeobiology and forensic science. The genesis and evolution of tissue-based oxygen isotopes within species and within individuals are complex. We present the first data, for non-human primates, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), on the relationship between oxygen isotope sources in bio-apatite (PO(4) and PCO(3)) and hair taken from six sample sites in Asia, ranging from western India to northern Vietnam. The range of values is similar within each tissue type, with good correlation between tissues (r = 0.791 to 0.908), allowing cross-tissue extrapolations. This is important when the availability of suitable tissues is limited. Biological interpretation of the small data set is difficult: macaque diets are eclectic, and the samples are from various locations. However, factors such as overall climate, precipitation quantity and source, and altitude are clearly influencing the results for each discrete geographical grouping. Future work could be aimed at assessing δ(18)O tissue associations for other species as the relationships appear to be species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Chenery
- NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK.
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Chesson LA, Bowen GJ, Ehleringer JR. Analysis of the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of beverage waters without prior water extraction using isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:3205-3213. [PMID: 20941769 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (δ(2)H) and oxygen (δ(18)O) stable isotope analysis is useful when tracing the origin of water in beverages, but traditional analytical techniques are limited to pure or extracted waters. We measured the isotopic composition of extracted beverage water using both isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS; specifically, wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). We also analyzed beer, sodas, juices, and milk 'as is' using IRIS. For IRIS analysis, four sequential injections of each sample were measured and data were corrected for sample-to-sample memory using injections (a) 1-4, (b) 2-4, and (c) 3-4. The variation between δ(2)H and δ(18)O values calculated using the three correction methods was larger for unextracted (i.e., complex) beverages than for waters. The memory correction was smallest when using injections 3-4. Beverage water δ(2)H and δ(18)O values generally fit the Global Meteoric Water Line, with the exception of water from fruit juices. The beverage water stable isotope ratios measured using IRIS agreed well with the IRMS data and fit 1:1 lines, with the exception of sodas and juices (δ(2)H values) and beers (δ(18)O values). The δ(2)H and δ(18)O values of waters extracted from beer, soda, juice, and milk were correlated with complex beverage δ(2)H and δ(18)O values (r = 0.998 and 0.997, respectively) and generally fit 1:1 lines. We conclude that it is possible to analyze complex beverages, without water extraction, using IRIS although caution is needed when analyzing beverages containing sugars, which can clog the syringe and increase memory, or alcohol, a known spectral interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Chesson
- IsoForensics Inc., 423 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Bong YS, Lee KS, Shin WJ, Ryu JS. Comparison of the oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the juices of fast-growing vegetables and slow-growing fruits. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2809-2812. [PMID: 18712704 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of juices from fruits and vegetables collected from a small orchard in order to investigate the differences in isotopic enrichment and evaporation intensity between fast-growing vegetables and slow-growing fruits grown under the same climatic conditions. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope levels were much higher in the juices of the fruits and vegetables than in the source waters in which they grew because of evaporation effects. According to our data, fast-growing vegetables are subject to greater evaporation than slow-growing fruits. An evaporation experiment using the source water showed that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of the 60-80% residual fraction was similar to that of the isotopically enriched grape juice, whereas those of the plume and tomato juices were very close to that of the 80-90% residual fraction, thus proving the effect of evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Sik Bong
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
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23
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Widmer WW, Cancalon PF, Nagy S. Methods for determining the adulteration of citrus juices. Trends Food Sci Technol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-2244(10)80012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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F�rstel H. Die nat�rliche Fraktionierung der stabilen Sauerstoff-Isotope als Indikator f�r Reinheit und Herkunft von Wein. Naturwissenschaften 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00441068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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