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Zhan J, Yang Q, Lin Z, Zheng T, Wang M, Sun W, Bu T, Tang Z, Li C, Han X, Zhao H, Wu Q, Shan Z, Chen H. Enhanced antioxidant capacity and upregulated transporter genes contribute to the UV-B-induced increase in blinin in Conyza blinii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13275-13287. [PMID: 33175358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conyza blinii (C. blinii) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant mainly grown in Sichuan, China. C. blinii is suitable for studying the mechanism of plant tolerance to UV-B due to its living conditions, characterized by a high altitude and exposure to strong ultraviolet radiation. Our results showed that the growth and photosynthetic activity of C. blinii were improved under a specific intensity of UV-B, rather than being significantly inhibited. Although UV-B increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. blinii, the activities of antioxidative enzymes were elevated, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which contributed to the elimination of ROS. Additionally, the content of blinin, the characteristic diterpene in C. blinii, was markedly increased by UV-B. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analyses were used to explore the molecular mechanism of UV-B tolerance in C. blinii. According to the results, most of the key enzyme genes in the blinin synthesis pathway were upregulated by UV-B. In addition, 23 upregulated terpene transporter genes were identified, and these genes might participate in blinin transport during the response to UV-B. Taken together, these results implied that enhanced antioxidant capacity and upregulated transporter genes contributed to increased synthesis of blinin in response to UV-B in C. blinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qin Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Maojia Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xueyi Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
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Huang Y, Tan H, Guo Z, Wu X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Diao Y. The biosynthesis and genetic engineering of bioactive indole alkaloids in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-016-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Roze LV, Chanda A, Linz JE. Compartmentalization and molecular traffic in secondary metabolism: a new understanding of established cellular processes. Fungal Genet Biol 2010; 48:35-48. [PMID: 20519149 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in understanding the regulation of expression of genes involved in secondary metabolism. Less is known about the mechanisms that govern the spatial distribution of the enzymes, cofactors, and substrates that mediate catalysis of secondary metabolites within the cell. Filamentous fungi in the genus Aspergillus synthesize an array of secondary metabolites and provide useful systems to analyze the mechanisms that mediate the temporal and spatial regulation of secondary metabolism in eukaryotes. For example, aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus has been studied intensively because this mycotoxin is highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic in humans and animals. Using aflatoxin synthesis to illustrate key concepts, this review focuses on the mechanisms by which sub-cellular compartmentalization and intra-cellular molecular traffic contribute to the initiation and completion of secondary metabolism within the cell. We discuss the recent discovery of aflatoxisomes, specialized trafficking vesicles that participate in the compartmentalization of aflatoxin synthesis and export of the toxin to the cell exterior; this work provides a new and clearer understanding of how cells integrate secondary metabolism into basic cellular metabolism via the intra-cellular trafficking machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V Roze
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI-48824, USA
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The Vinca Alkaloids: From Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Plant Cells, to Uptake, Activity and Metabolism in Animal Cells. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Weidner M, Martins R, Müller A, Simon J, Schmitz H. Uptake, transport and accumulation of nicotine by the Golden Potho (Epipremnum aureum): the central role of root pressure. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 162:139-150. [PMID: 15779824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Epipremnum aureum, though not synthesizing nicotine themselves, take up exogenously fed nicotine as a xenobiotic. The alkaloid is subsequently translocated to the leaves, via the xylem path, where it accumulates in the mesophyll up to levels comparable with nicotine-rich Nicotiana species. The Epipremnum plants accept nicotine only up to a distinct level; saturation is reached after about 10 days. All mature, non-senescent leaves accumulate the same amount of nicotine. By different experimental approaches, unequivocal evidence could be provided that root pressure is the 'translocative force' for nicotine transport in E. aureum. Xylem sap exudates, collected from shoot stumps that were connected to an intact root system immersed in nicotine solution were analyzed for nicotine content. Nicotine uptake from the medium by the root and its subsequent transfer into the xylem of the shoot persisted for more than 10h without measurable decline of the transport rate, provided the nicotine concentrations applied were < or =0.05%. In intact plants, where both components of water transport in the xylem--root pressure and transpirative water flow--are in operation, no surplus transport of nicotine from the roots into the leaves took place beyond the level observed in amputated plants. Under the influence of inhibitors of root respiration, nicotine uptake was halted slowly in case of oxygen deprivation and in case of cyanide, or it stopped very rapidly when CCCP, an uncoupler of mitochondrial ATP formation, was applied to the roots. This threshold of toxicity against the xenobiotic was established by dose effect curves for nicotine sensitivity of the roots for root respiration and by transpiration measurements. Leaves, bearing a heavy 'nicotine load', showed symptoms of senescence only after 3-6 weeks, as indicated by a decline in the chlorophyll content, the chl a/b ratio, and the maximal quantum yield efficiency (Fv/Fm), and by an increase in catalase activity. Our results provide insight into the mechanisms of uptake, transport and storage of nicotine as a xenobiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Weidner
- Botanisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Gyrhofstrasse 15, Köln 50923, Germany.
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Verpoorte R, van der Heijden R, Moreno PR. Chapter 3 Biosynthesis of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Cells. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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McCaskill D, Scott AI. Visualization of vacuoplasts in isolated vacuole preparations from mesophyll protoplasts of periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don]. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1992; 11:310-313. [PMID: 24203146 DOI: 10.1007/bf00235088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/1992] [Revised: 03/20/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A procedure was developed for the rapid detection of vacuoplasts in vacuole preparations isolated from mesophyll protoplasts of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (periwinkle). The procedure relies on the staining of surface carbohydrates on the plasma membrane surrounding vacuoplasts with fluorescein-labeled lectins. When isolated under conditions of constant osmotic strength, approximately 15-20% of the vacuoles isolated showed surface labeling with FITC-agglutinin from Abrus precatorius. Isolation of vacuoles after an initial osmotic shock showed much lower (<5%) surface labeling. This lower level of surface labeling correlated well with a lower level of other non-vacuolar marker enzyme activities. A thin layer of cytoplasm was visible in a small number of these stained structures, indicating that they were vacuoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McCaskill
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 77843, College Station, Texas, USA
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Blom TJ, Sierra M, van Vliet TB, Franke-van Dijk ME, de Koning P, van Iren F, Verpoorte R, Libbenga KR. Uptake and accumulation of ajmalicine into isolated vacuoles of cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. and its conversion into serpentine. PLANTA 1991; 183:170-177. [PMID: 24193617 DOI: 10.1007/bf00197785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Isolated vacuoles from ajmalicine-producing cell suspensions of Catharanthus roseus accumulated the alkaloid ajmalicine. Dissipation of the transtonoplast pH gradient with nigericin abolished ajmalicine accumulation, whereas dissipation of the transtonoplast potential with valinomycin had no effect. Addition of Mg-ATP resulted in a higher ajmalicine accumulation. Serpentine produced by the cells was largely recovered in isolated vacuoles; in contrast, ajmalicine was lost. Ajmalicine was converted in vitro into serpentine by horseradish basic peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7). In cultured cells there was a striking conformity between the time course of serpentine content and that of the activity of basic peroxidases. Ajmalicine was converted efficiently into serpentine by basic peroxidases extracted from vacuoles and by intact isolated vacuoles. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that ajmalicine accumulates by an ion-trap mechanism and that the accumulated ajmalicine is converted into serpentine inside the vacuoles. By the transformation of ajmalicine into the charged serpentine a trap is created to retain the alkaloids more efficiently in the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Blom
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Leiden University, Nonnensteeg 3, NL-2311 VJ, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Sterling TM, Balke NE, Silverman DS. Uptake and accumulation of the herbicide bentazon by cultured plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1990; 92:1121-7. [PMID: 16667379 PMCID: PMC1062424 DOI: 10.1104/pp.92.4.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular absorption of the herbicide bentazon, a weak acid with pK(a) 3.45, was investigated using suspension-cultured cells of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.). Bentazon accumulated rapidly to concentrations approximately four times that of the external medium. Bentazon accumulation against a concentration gradient was not due to its conversion to metabolites, partitioning into lipids, or binding onto cellular constituents. Bentazon uptake was related linearly to the external bentazon concentration, implying that movement of the herbicide into cells was not carrier-mediated. Bentazon was able to diffuse freely and extensively out of the cells, indicating that bentazon can readily diffuse across cell membranes. Potassium cyanide and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone inhibited bentazon accumulation as did nitrogen gas when bubbled through the uptake medium. Absorption was pH-dependent with the greatest amount of bentazon accumulating at acidic external pH. Calculations indicated that conversion of uncharged bentazon to bentazon anion in the cytoplasm accounts for cellular accumulation of bentazon. These results provide evidence that bentazon is absorbed across membranes via simple diffusion and that bentazon accumulates in plant cells via an energy-dependent, ion-trapping mechanism which results in bentazon accumulation in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Sterling
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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