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Gao J, Song W, Tang X, Liu Y, Miao M. Feruloyl Glyceride Mitigates Tomato Postharvest Rot by Inhibiting Penicillium expansum Spore Germination and Enhancing Suberin Accumulation. Foods 2024; 13:1147. [PMID: 38672820 PMCID: PMC11049243 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Postharvest rot, caused by Penicillium expansum, in tomatoes poses significant economic and health risks. Traditional control methods, such as the use of fungicides, raise concerns about pathogen resistance, food safety, and environmental impact. In search of sustainable alternatives, plant secondary metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds and their derivatives, have emerged as promising natural antimicrobials. Among these, feruloyl glyceride (FG), a water-soluble derivative of ferulic acid, stands out due to its antioxidant properties, antibacterial properties, and improved solubility. In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating FG is capable of inhibiting the spore germination of P. expansum and effectively reducing the incidence rate of Penicillium rot of tomatoes, without compromising quality. Electron microscopy observations combined with metabolite and transcriptomic analyses revealed that FG treatments resulted in enhanced suberin accumulation through promoting the expression of suberin synthesis related genes and, consequently, inhibited the growth and expansion of P. expansum on the fruits. This work sheds light on the mechanisms underlying FG's inhibitory effects, allowing its potential application as a natural and safe alternative to replace chemical fungicides for postharvest preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Wu Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Miao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (J.G.); (W.S.); (X.T.)
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2
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Lee SY, Jang SJ, Jeong HB, Lee JH, Kim GW, Venkatesh J, Back S, Kwon JK, Choi DM, Kim JI, Kim GJ, Kang BC. Leaky mutations in the zeaxanthin epoxidase in Capsicum annuum result in bright-red fruit containing a high amount of zeaxanthin. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:469-487. [PMID: 38180307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fruit color is one of the most important traits in peppers due to its esthetic value and nutritional benefits and is determined by carotenoid composition, resulting from diverse mutations of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. The EMS204 line, derived from an EMS mutant population, presents bright-red color, compared with the wild type Yuwolcho cultivar. HPLC analysis indicates that EMS204 fruit contains more zeaxanthin and less capsanthin and capsorubin than Yuwolcho. MutMap was used to reveal the color variation of EMS204 using an F3 population derived from a cross of EMS204 and Yuwolcho, and the locus was mapped to a 2.5-Mbp region on chromosome 2. Among the genes in the region, a missense mutation was found in ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase) that results in an amino acid sequence alteration (V291 → I). A color complementation experiment with Escherichia coli and ZEP in vitro assay using thylakoid membranes revealed decreased enzymatic activity of EMS204 ZEP. Analysis of endogenous plant hormones revealed a significant reduction in abscisic acid content in EMS204. Germination assays and salinity stress experiments corroborated the lower ABA levels in the seeds. Virus-induced gene silencing showed that ZEP silencing also results in bright-red fruit containing less capsanthin but more zeaxanthin than control. A germplasm survey of red color accessions revealed no similar carotenoid profiles to EMS204. However, a breeding line containing a ZEP mutation showed a very similar carotenoid profile to EMS204. Our results provide a novel breeding strategy to develop red pepper cultivars containing high zeaxanthin contents using ZEP mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Jeong Jang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Bong Jeong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Woo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungki Back
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Min Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Pereira AM, Martins AO, Batista-Silva W, Condori-Apfata JA, Silva VF, Oliveira LA, Andrade ES, Martins SCV, Medeiros DB, Nascimento VL, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Differential content of leaf and fruit pigment in tomatoes culminate in a complex metabolic reprogramming without growth impacts. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 293:154170. [PMID: 38271894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Although significant efforts to produce carotenoid-enriched foods either by biotechnology or traditional breeding strategies have been carried out, our understanding of how changes in the carotenoid biosynthesis might affect overall plant performance remains limited. Here, we investigate how the metabolic machinery of well characterized tomato carotenoid mutant plants [namely crimson (old gold-og), Delta carotene (Del) and tangerine (t)] adjusts itself to varying carotenoid biosynthesis and whether these adjustments are supported by a reprogramming of photosynthetic and central metabolism in the source organs (leaves). We observed that mutations og, Del and t did not greatly affect vegetative growth, leaf anatomy and gas exchange parameters. However, an exquisite metabolic reprogramming was recorded on the leaves, with an increase in levels of amino acids and reduction of organic acids. Taken together, our results show that despite minor impacts on growth and gas exchange, carbon flux is extensively affected, leading to adjustments in tomato leaves metabolism to support changes in carotenoid biosynthesis on fruits (sinks). We discuss these data in the context of our current understanding of metabolic adjustments and carotenoid biosynthesis as well as regarding to improving human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auderlan M Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Auxiliadora O Martins
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - William Batista-Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Victor F Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Santos Andrade
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Nascimento
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Kumar A, Lakshmi V, Sangam S, Goswami TN, Kumar M, Akhtar S, Chattopadhyay T. Marker assisted early generation identification of root knot disease resistant orange tomato segregants with multiple desirable alleles. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1179-1192. [PMID: 37829698 PMCID: PMC10564703 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced bioavailability of cis-isomers of lycopene, accumulated in orange-fruited tangerine mutant has broadened the scope of nutritional enrichment in tomato. At the same time, advancements in the field of marker assisted selection (MAS) have made the stacking of multiple desirable alleles through molecular breeding to develop superior tomato genotypes possible. Here we report seedling stage MAS from 146 F2 plants, to identify 3 superior performing, root knot disease resistant orange-fruited segregants. In the selected segregants, fruit weight ranged from 39.2 to 54.6 g, pericarp thickness ranged from 4.56 to 6.05 mm and total soluble solid content ranged from 3.65 to 4.87° Brix. Presence of parental diversity allowed identification of the other desirable alleles of the genes governing late blight and mosaic disease resistance, growth habit (determinate and indeterminate) as well as fruit elongation and firmness. Resistance to root knot disease of the selected 3 segregants was also validated through a unique method employing in vitro rooted stem cuttings subjected to artificial inoculation, where the resistant parent and the selected segregants developed no galls in comparison to ~ 24 galls developed in the susceptible parent. The selected segregants form the base for development of multiple disease resistant, nutritionally enriched orange-fruited determinate/indeterminate tomato lines with superior fruit quality. The study also highlights the utility of early generation MAS for detailed characterization of segregants, through which multiple desirable alleles can be precisely targeted and fixed to develop superior tomato genotypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01361-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awnish Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Surabhi Sangam
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Tarak Nath Goswami
- Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Mankesh Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Shirin Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Tirthartha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
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5
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Drapal M, Enfissi EMA, Almeida J, Rapacz E, Nogueira M, Fraser PD. The potential of metabolomics in assessing global compositional changes resulting from the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:265-278. [PMID: 37166587 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Exhaustive analysis of genetically modified crops over multiple decades has increased societal confidence in the technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques are now emerging with improved precision and the ability to generate products containing no foreign DNA and mimic/replicate conventionally bred varieties. In the present study, metabolomic analysis was used to compare (i) tobacco genotypes with and without the CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), (ii) tobacco lines with the edited and non-edited DE-ETIOLATED-1 gene without phenotype and (iii) leaf and fruit tissue from stable non-edited tomato progeny with and without the Cas9. In all cases, multivariate analysis based on the difference test using LC-HRMS/MS and GC-MS data indicated no significant difference in their metabolomes. The variations in metabolome composition that were evident could be associated with the processes of tissue culture regeneration and/or transformation (e.g. interaction with Agrobacterium). Metabolites responsible for the variance included quantitative changes of abundant, well characterised metabolites such as phenolics (e.g. chlorogenic acid) and several common sugars such as fructose. This study provides fundamental data on the characterisation of gene edited crops, that are important for the evaluation of the technology and its assessment. The approach also suggests that metabolomics could contribute to routine product-based analysis of crops/foods generated from New Plant Breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Drapal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Eugenia M A Enfissi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | | | - Elzbieta Rapacz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Marilise Nogueira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Paul D Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK.
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6
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Singh H, Sekhon BS, Kumar P, Dhall RK, Devi R, Dhillon TS, Sharma S, Khar A, Yadav RK, Tomar BS, Ntanasi T, Sabatino L, Ntatsi G. Genetic Mechanisms for Hybrid Breeding in Vegetable Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2294. [PMID: 37375919 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
To address the complex challenges faced by our planet such as rapidly changing climate patterns, food and nutritional insecurities, and the escalating world population, the development of hybrid vegetable crops is imperative. Vegetable hybrids could effectively mitigate the above-mentioned fundamental challenges in numerous countries. Utilizing genetic mechanisms to create hybrids not only reduces costs but also holds significant practical implications, particularly in streamlining hybrid seed production. These mechanisms encompass self-incompatibility (SI), male sterility, and gynoecism. The present comprehensive review is primarily focused on the elucidation of fundamental processes associated with floral characteristics, the genetic regulation of floral traits, pollen biology, and development. Specific attention is given to the mechanisms for masculinizing and feminizing cucurbits to facilitate hybrid seed production as well as the hybridization approaches used in the biofortification of vegetable crops. Furthermore, this review provides valuable insights into recent biotechnological advancements and their future utilization for developing the genetic systems of major vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Singh
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Bhallan Singh Sekhon
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar Dhall
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Ruma Devi
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Tarsem Singh Dhillon
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Anil Khar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | | | - Theodora Ntanasi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, IeraOdos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Leo Sabatino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, IeraOdos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Lira BS, Gramegna G, Amaral P, Dos Reis Moreira J, Wu RTA, Vicente MH, Nogueira FTS, Freschi L, Rossi M. Phytol recycling: essential, yet not limiting for tomato fruit tocopherol accumulation under normal growing conditions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:365-378. [PMID: 36587296 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols are potent membrane-bound antioxidant molecules that are paramount for plant physiology and also important for human health. In the past years, chlorophyll catabolism was identified as the primary source of phytyl diphosphate for tocopherol synthesis by the action of two enzymes, PHYTOL KINASE (VTE5) and PHYTHYL PHOSPHATE KINASE (VTE6) that are able to recycle the chlorophyll-derived phytol. While VTE5 and VTE6 were proven essential for tocopherol metabolism in tomato fruits, it remains unknown whether they are rate-limiting steps in this pathway. To address this question, transgenic tomato plants expressing AtVTE5 and AtVTE6 in a fruit-specific manner were generated. Although ripe transgenic fruits exhibited higher amounts of tocopherol, phytol recycling revealed a more intimate association with chlorophyll than with tocopherol content. Interestingly, protein-protein interactions assays showed that VTE5 and VTE6 are complexed, channeling free phytol and phytyl-P, thus mitigating their cytotoxic nature. Moreover, the analysis of tocopherol accumulation dynamics in roots, a chlorophyll-devoid organ, revealed VTE5-dependent tocopherol accumulation, hinting at the occurrence of shoot-to-root phytol trafficking. Collectively, these results demonstrate that phytol recycling is essential for tocopherol biosynthesis, even in chlorophyll-devoid organs, yet it is not the rate-limiting step for this pathway under normal growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silvestre Lira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Gramegna
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paula Amaral
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Juliene Dos Reis Moreira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Raquel Tsu Ay Wu
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mateus Henrique Vicente
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Fabio Tebaldi Silveira Nogueira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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Vats S, Kumar V, Mandlik R, Patil G, Sonah H, Roy J, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Reference Guided De Novo Genome Assembly of Transformation Pliable Solanum lycopersicum cv. Pusa Ruby. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:570. [PMID: 36980842 PMCID: PMC10047940 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Solanum lycopersicum cv. Pusa Ruby (PR) is a superior tomato cultivar routinely used as a model tomato variety. Here, we report a reference-guided genome assembly for PR, covering 97.6% of the total single-copy genes in the solanales order. The PR genome contains 34,075 genes and 423,288 variants, out of which 127,131 are intragenic and 1232 are of high impact. The assembly was packaged according to PanSol guidelines (N50 = 60,396,827) with the largest scaffold measuring 85 megabases. The similarity of the PR genome assembly to Heinz1706, M82, and Fla.8924 was measured and the results suggest PR has the lowest affinity towards the hybrid Fla.8924. We then analyzed the regeneration efficiency of PR in comparison to another variety, Pusa Early Dwarf (PED). PR was found to have a high regeneration rate (45.51%) and therefore, we performed allele mining for genes associated with regeneration and found that only AGAMOUS-LIKE15 has a null mutation. Further, allele mining for fruit quality-related genes was also executed. The PR genome has an Ovate mutation leading to round fruit shape, causing economically undesirable fruit cracking. This genomic data can be potentially used for large scale crop improvement programs as well as functional annotation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India
| | - Gunvant Patil
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79410, USA
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Department of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110001, Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh 123031, Haryana, India
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9
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Li Y, Wang X, Zhang Q, Shen Y, Wang J, Qi S, Zhao P, Muhammad T, Islam MM, Zhan X, Liang Y. A mutation in SlCHLH encoding a magnesium chelatase H subunit is involved in the formation of yellow stigma in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111466. [PMID: 36174799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls are ubiquitous pigments responsible for the green color in plants. Changes in the chlorophyll content have a significant impact on photosynthesis, plant growth and development. In this study, we used a yellow stigma mutant (ys) generated from a green stigma tomato WT by using ethylmethylsulfone (EMS)-induced mutagenesis. Compared with WT, the stigma of ys shows low chlorophyll content and impaired chloroplast ultrastructure. Through map-based cloning, the ys gene is localized to a 100 kb region on chromosome 4 between dCAPS596 and dCAPS606. Gene expression analysis and nonsynonymous SNP determination identified the Solyc04g015750, as the potential candidate gene, which encodes a magnesium chelatase H subunit (CHLH). In ys mutant, a single base C to T substitution in the SlCHLH gene results in the conversion of Serine into Leucine (Ser92Leu) at the N-terminal region. The functional complementation test shows that the SlCHLH from WT can rescue the green stigma phenotype of ys. In contrast, knockdown of SlCHLH in green stigma tomato AC, observed the yellow stigma phenotype at the stigma development stage. Overexpression of the mutant gene Slys in green stigma tomato AC results in the light green stigma. These results indicate that the mutation of the N-terminal S92 to Leu in SlCHLH is the main reason for the formation of the yellow stigma phenotype. Characterization of the ys mutant enriches the current knowledge of the tomato chlorophyll mutant library and provides a novel and effective tool for understanding the function of CHLH in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushun Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanbo Shen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shiming Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Tayeb Muhammad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Directorate of Agriculture Extension, Merged Areas, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiangqiang Zhan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China; State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plant Germplasm Resources & Genetic Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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10
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Pereira AM, Martins AO, Batista-Silva W, Condori-Apfata JA, Nascimento VL, Silva VF, Oliveira LA, Medeiros DB, Martins SCV, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Elevated carbon assimilation and metabolic reprogramming in tomato high pigment mutants support the increased production of pigments. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1907-1929. [PMID: 35833988 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High pigment mutants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a loss of function in the control of photomorphogenesis, with greater pigment production, show altered growth, greater photosynthesis, and a metabolic reprogramming. High pigment mutations cause plants to be extremely responsive to light and produce excessive pigmentation as well as fruits with high levels of health-beneficial nutrients. However, the association of these traits with changes in the physiology and metabolism of leaves remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a detailed morphophysiological and metabolic characterization of high pigment 1 (hp1) and high pigment 2 (hp2) mutants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Micro-Tom') plants under different sunlight conditions (natural light, 50% shading, and 80% shading). These mutants occur in the DDB1 (hp1) and DET1 (hp2) genes, which are related to the regulation of photomorphogenesis and chloroplast development. Our results demonstrate that these mutations delay plant growth and height, by affecting physiological and metabolic parameters at all stages of plant development. Although the mutants were characterized by higher net CO2 assimilation, lower stomatal limitation, and higher carboxylation rates, with anatomical changes that favour photosynthesis, we found that carbohydrate levels did not increase, indicating a change in the energy flow. Shading minimized the differences between mutants and the wild type or fully reversed them in the phenotype at the metabolic level. Our results indicate that the high levels of pigments in hp1 and hp2 mutants represent an additional energy cost for these plants and that extensive physiological and metabolic reprogramming occurs to support increased pigment biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auderlan M Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Auxiliadora O Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Nascimento
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Victor F Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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11
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Kim B, Lee Y, Nam JY, Lee G, Seo J, Lee D, Cho YH, Kwon SW, Koh HJ. Mutations in OsDET1, OsCOP10, and OsDDB1 confer embryonic lethality and alter flavonoid accumulation in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952856. [PMID: 35958215 PMCID: PMC9358687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Morphological and biochemical changes accompanying embryogenesis and seed development are crucial for plant survival and crop productivity. Here, we identified a novel yellowish-pericarp embryo lethal (yel) mutant of the japonica rice cultivar Sindongjin (Oryza sativa L.), namely, yel-sdj. Seeds of the yel-sdj mutant showed a yellowish pericarp and black embryo, and were embryonic lethal. Compared with wild-type seeds, the yel-sdj mutant seeds exhibited significantly reduced grain size, grain weight, and embryo weight, and a remarkably lower rate of embryo retention in kernels subjected to milling. However, the volume of air space between embryo and endosperm, density of embryo, and total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of mature grains were significantly higher in the yel-sdj mutant than in the wild type. Genetic analysis and mapping revealed that the yel-sdj mutant was non-allelic to the oscop1 null mutants yel-hc, yel-cc, and yel-sk, and its phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, LOC_Os01g01484, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana DE-ETIOLATED 1 (DET1). The yel-sdj mutant carried a 7 bp deletion in the second exon of OsDET1. Seeds of the osdet1 knockout mutant, generated via CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, displayed the yel mutant phenotype. Consistent with the fact that OsDET1 interacts with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 10 (OsCOP10) and UV-DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 (OsDDB1) to form the COP10-DET1-DDB1 (CDD), seeds of oscop10 and osddb1 knockout mutants also showed the yel phenotype. These findings will enhance our understanding of the functional roles of OsDET1 and the CDD complex in embryogenesis and flavonoid biosynthesis in rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Backki Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Nam
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gileung Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Seo
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Dongryung Lee
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Milyang, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Koh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Hunziker J, Nishida K, Kondo A, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. Phenotypic Characterization of High Carotenoid Tomato Mutants Generated by the Target-AID Base-Editing Technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848560. [PMID: 35874006 PMCID: PMC9301137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that Target-AID which is the modified CRISPR/Cas9 system enabling base-editing is an efficient tool for targeting multiple genes. Three genes, SlDDB1, SlDET1, and SlCYC-B, responsible for carotenoid accumulation were targeted, and allelic variations were previously obtained by Target-AID. In this research, we characterized the effect of new alleles on plant growth and fruit development, as well as carotenoid accumulation, individually in segregating backcross populations or combined in null self-segregant lines. Only lines carrying homozygous substitutions in the three targeted genes and the segregating backcross population of individual mutations were characterized, resulting in the isolation of two allelic versions for SlDDB1, one associated with SlDET1 and the last one with SlCYC-B. All edited lines showed variations in carotenoid accumulation, with an additive effect for each single mutation. These results suggest that Target-AID base-editing technology is an effective tool for creating new allelic variations in target genes to improve carotenoid accumulation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hunziker
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiji Nishida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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13
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Wang L, Tang X, Zhang S, Xie X, Li M, Liu Y, Wang S. Tea GOLDEN2- LIKE genes enhance catechin biosynthesis through activating R2R3-MYB transcription factor. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac117. [PMID: 35937860 PMCID: PMC9347013 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of catechins, a major type of flavonoids accumulated in tea, is mediated by developmental cues and environmental stimuli. Light enhances but shading treatment reduces catechin accumulation in tea leaves. However, the transcription factors involved in light-mediated catechin biosynthesis remain to be identified. Two GOLDEN2 LIKE genes from tea plant (CsGLK1 and CsGLK2) were isolated and characterized in both tomato and tea plants. Transcripts of both CsGLK1 and CsGLK2 were affected by light intensity in tea plants. Overexpression of CsGLK1 and CsGLK2 promoted chloroplast development and carotenoid accumulation in tomato fruits. An integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach revealed that both catechin content and related biosynthetic genes were upregulated in CsGLK-overexpressing tomato leaves. Our further studies in tea plants indicated that CsGLKs directly regulate the transcription of CsMYB5b, a transcription factor involved in catechin biosynthesis. Suppression of CsGLKs in tea leaves led to the reduction of both CsMYB5b expression and catechin accumulation. Taken together, the results show that CsGLKs are involved in light-regulated catechin accumulation in tea plants by regulating expression of CsMYB5b and have great potential for enhancing the accumulation of both carotenoids and flavonoids in fruits of horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Wang
- School of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Xiang Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Mengfei Li
- School of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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14
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Yang J, Zhang J, Du H, Zhao H, Li H, Xu Y, Mao A, Zhang X, Fu Y, Xia Y, Wen C. The vegetable SNP database: An integrated resource for plant breeders and scientists. Genomics 2022; 114:110348. [PMID: 35339630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely used in genetic research and molecular breeding. To date, the genomes of many vegetable crops have been assembled, and hundreds of core germplasms for each vegetable have been sequenced. However, these data are not currently easily accessible because they are stored on different public databases. Therefore, a vegetable crop SNP database should be developed that hosts SNPs demonstrated to have a high success rate in genotyping for genetic research (herein, "alpha SNPs"). We constructed a database (VegSNPDB, http://www.vegsnpdb.cn/) containing the sequence data of 2032 germplasms from 16 vegetable crop species. VegSNPDB hosts 118,725,944 SNPs of which 4,877,305 were alpha SNPs. SNPs can be searched by chromosome number, position, SNP type, genetic population, or specific individuals, as well as the values of MAF, PIC, and heterozygosity. We hope that VegSNPDB will become an important SNP database for the vegetable research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Heshan Du
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Haizhen Li
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Aijun Mao
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yiqian Fu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing 100097, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin 300380, China.
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15
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Faqir Napar WP, Kaleri AR, Ahmed A, Nabi F, Sajid S, Ćosić T, Yao Y, Liu J, Raspor M, Gao Y. The anthocyanin-rich tomato genotype LA-1996 displays superior efficiency of mechanisms of tolerance to salinity and drought. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153662. [PMID: 35259587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation is affected by high soil salinity and drought stress, which cause major yield losses worldwide. In this work, we compare the efficiency of mechanisms of tolerance to salinity, and osmotic stress applied as mannitol or drought, in three tomato genotypes: LA-2838 (Ailsa Craig), LA-2662 (Saladette), and LA-1996 (Anthocyanin fruit - Aft), a genotype known for high anthocyanin content. Exposure to salinity or drought induced stress in all three genotypes, but the LA-1996 plants displayed superior tolerance to stress compared with the other two genotypes. They were more efficient in anthocyanin and proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity, and leaf Na+, K+, and Ca2+ homeostasis. In addition, they suffered lesser oxidative damage as measured by chlorophyll (Chl) loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and bioassays showed that they were less affected in terms of seed germination and root elongation. Exposure to stress induced the upregulation of stress-related genes SlNCED1, SlAREB1, SlABF4, SlWRKY8, and SlDREB2A more efficiently in LA-1996 than in the two susceptible genotypes. Conversely, the upregulation of the NADPH oxidase gene SlRBOH1 was more pronounced in LA-2838 and LA-2662. Principal component analysis showed obvious distinction between the tolerant genotype LA-1996 and the susceptible LA-2838 and LA-2662 in response to stress, and association of leaf and stem anthocyanin content with major stress tolerance traits. We suggest that anthocyanin accumulation can be considered as a marker of stress tolerance in tomato, and that LA-1996 can be considered for cultivation in salinity- or drought-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wado Photo Faqir Napar
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Kaleri
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Awais Ahmed
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Farhan Nabi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Sumbal Sajid
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Martin Raspor
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Pigment-Related Mutations Greatly Affect Berry Metabolome in San Marzano Tomatoes. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study describes the alterations in metabolomic profiles of four tomato fruit mutations introgressed into Solanum lycopersicum cv. San Marzano, a well-known Italian traditional variety. Three lines carrying variants affecting the content of all pigments, high pigment-1 (hp-1), hp-2, pigment diluter (pd), and a combination of Anthocyanin fruit and atroviolaceum (Aft_atv), were selected, and characterized. Biochemical analysis of 44 non-polar, 133 polar, and 65 volatile metabolites in ripe fruits revealed a wide range of differences between the variant lines and the recurrent parent San Marzano. Among non-polar compounds, many carotenoids, plastoquinones, and tocopherols increased in the fruit of high pigment lines, as well as in Aft_atv, whose β-carotene levels increased too. Interestingly, pd displayed enriched levels of xanthophylls (all-trans-neoxanthin and luteoxanthin) but, simultaneously, decreased levels of α-and β-/γ-tocopherols. Looking at the metabolites in the polar fraction, a significant decrease in sugar profile was observed in hp-1, pd, and Aft_atv. Conversely, many vitamins and organic acids increased in the hp-2 and Aft_atv lines, respectively. Overall, phenylpropanoids was the metabolic group with the highest extent of polar changes, with considerable increases of many compounds mainly in the case of Aft_atv, followed by the pd and hp-2 lines. Finally, several flavor-related compounds were found to be modified in all mutants, mostly due to increased levels in many benzenoid, lipid, and phenylalanine derivative volatiles, which are associated with sweeter taste and better aroma. Construction of metabolic maps, interaction networks, and correlation matrices gave an integrated representation of the large effect of single variants on the tomato fruit metabolome. In conclusion, the identified differences in the mutated lines might contribute to generating novel phenotypes in the traditional San Marzano type, with increased desirable nutraceutical and organoleptic properties.
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Paudel L, Kerr S, Prentis P, Tanurdžić M, Papanicolaou A, Plett JM, Cazzonelli CI. Horticultural innovation by viral-induced gene regulation of carotenogenesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab008. [PMID: 35043183 PMCID: PMC8769041 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite viral vectors provide a simple, inexpensive and effective biotechnological tool to transiently manipulate (i.e. reduce or increase) gene expression in planta and characterise the function of genetic traits. The development of virus-induced gene regulation (VIGR) systems usually involve the targeted silencing or overexpression of genes involved in pigment biosynthesis or degradation in plastids, thereby providing rapid visual assessment of success in establishing RNA- or DNA-based VIGR systems in planta. Carotenoids pigments provide plant tissues with an array of yellow, orange, and pinkish-red colours. VIGR-induced transient manipulation of carotenoid-related gene expression has advanced our understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis, regulation, accumulation and degradation, as well as plastid signalling processes. In this review, we describe mechanisms of VIGR, the importance of carotenoids as visual markers of technology development, and knowledge gained through manipulating carotenogenesis in model plants as well as horticultural crops not always amenable to transgenic approaches. We outline how VIGR can be utilised in plants to fast-track the characterisation of gene function(s), accelerate fruit tree breeding programs, edit genomes, and biofortify plant products enriched in carotenoid micronutrients for horticultural innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kerr
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Peter Prentis
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
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18
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Gupta P, Hirschberg J. The Genetic Components of a Natural Color Palette: A Comprehensive List of Carotenoid Pathway Mutations in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:806184. [PMID: 35069664 PMCID: PMC8770946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.806184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids comprise the most widely distributed natural pigments. In plants, they play indispensable roles in photosynthesis, furnish colors to flowers and fruit and serve as precursor molecules for the synthesis of apocarotenoids, including aroma and scent, phytohormones and other signaling molecules. Dietary carotenoids are vital to human health as a source of provitamin A and antioxidants. Hence, the enormous interest in carotenoids of crop plants. Over the past three decades, the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway has been mainly deciphered due to the characterization of natural and induced mutations that impair this process. Over the year, numerous mutations have been studied in dozens of plant species. Their phenotypes have significantly expanded our understanding of the biochemical and molecular processes underlying carotenoid accumulation in crops. Several of them were employed in the breeding of crops with higher nutritional value. This compendium of all known random and targeted mutants available in the carotenoid metabolic pathway in plants provides a valuable resource for future research on carotenoid biosynthesis in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Shi Y, Pang X, Liu W, Wang R, Su D, Gao Y, Wu M, Deng W, Liu Y, Li Z. SlZHD17 is involved in the control of chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism in tomato fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:259. [PMID: 34848692 PMCID: PMC8632997 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are essential and beneficial substances for both plant and human health. Identifying the regulatory network of these pigments is necessary for improving fruit quality. In a previous study, we identified an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, SlMYB72, that plays an important role in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism in tomato fruit. Here, we demonstrated that the SlMYB72-interacting protein SlZHD17, which belongs to the zinc-finger homeodomain transcription factor family, also functions in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism. Silencing SlZHD17 in tomato improved multiple beneficial agronomic traits, including dwarfism, accelerated flowering, and earlier fruit harvest. More importantly, downregulating SlZHD17 in fruits resulted in larger chloroplasts and a higher chlorophyll content. Dual-luciferase, yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays clarified that SlZHD17 regulates the chlorophyll biosynthesis gene SlPOR-B and chloroplast developmental regulator SlTKN2 in a direct manner. Chlorophyll degradation and plastid transformation were also retarded after suppression of SlZHD17 in fruits, which was caused by the inhibition of SlSGR1, a crucial factor in chlorophyll degradation. On the other hand, the expression of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes SlPSY1 and SlZISO was also suppressed and directly regulated by SlZHD17, which induced uneven pigmentation and decreased the lycopene content in fruits with SlZHD17 suppression at the ripe stage. Furthermore, the protein-protein interactions between SlZHD17 and other pigment regulators, including SlARF4, SlBEL11, and SlTAGL1, were also presented. This study provides new insight into the complex pigment regulatory network and provides new options for breeding strategies aiming to improve fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushuo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
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Kong X, Pan W, Sun N, Zhang T, Liu L, Zhang H. GLABRA2-based selection efficiently enriches Cas9-generated nonchimeric mutants in the T1 generation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:758-768. [PMID: 34608972 PMCID: PMC8491020 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a widely used tool for genome editing in plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), egg cell-specific promoters driving Cas9 expression have been applied to reduce the proportion of T1 transformants that are chimeras; however, this approach generally leads to relatively low mutagenesis rates. In this study, a GLABRA2 mutation-based visible selection (GBVS) system was established to enrich nonchimeric mutants among T1 plants generated by an egg cell-specific CRISPR/Cas9 system. GBVS generally enhanced mutation screening, increasing the frequency by 2.58- to 7.50-fold, and 25%-48.15% of T1 plants selected through the GBVS system were homozygous or biallelic mutants, which was 1.71- to 7.86-fold higher than the percentage selected using the original system. The mutant phenotypes of T2 plants were not obviously affected by the glabrous background for all four target genes used in this study. Additionally, the nonchimeric pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-like 1 (PYL1) and PYL2 triple mutant pyr1/pyl1/pyl2 could be obtained in the T1 generation with a ratio of 26.67% when GBVS was applied. Collectively, our results show that compared with the known CRISPR/Cas9 systems, the GBVS system described here saves more time and labor when used for the obtainment of homozygous or biallelic monogenic mutants and nonchimeric polygenic mutants in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiu Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenbo Pan
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Nengxu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang 261325, China
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Pashkovskiy P, Kreslavski V, Khudyakova A, Ashikhmin A, Bolshakov M, Kozhevnikova A, Kosobryukhov A, Kuznetsov VV, Allakhverdiev SI. Effect of high-intensity light on the photosynthetic activity, pigment content and expression of light-dependent genes of photomorphogenetic Solanum lycopersicum hp mutants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:91-100. [PMID: 34340026 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between photosynthesis, pigment accumulation, and the expression of key light-regulated genes in Solanum lycopersicum hp-1, hp-2 and hp-1.2 photomorphogenetic mutants under conditions of high-intensity light (2000 μm (photons) m-2s-1) was studied. The hp-2 mutant (LA3006) and the hp-1 mutants (LA4012 and LA3538) are deficient in DET1 (De-etiolated 1 and DDB1 (DNA DAMAGE-BINDING PROTEIN 1), respectively, which are components of the CDD complex (COP10, DDB1, DET1). HP mutants are superproducers of various pigments and are sensitive to light. We have shown that HIL (high-intensity light) causes a decrease in PSII activity after 24 and 72 h of irradiation, which was partially restored after 72 h in the WT. The photosynthetic rate noticeably decreased only in LA4012 and LA3538 after 24 h of irradiation. After 72 h, the photosynthetic rate decreased in all mutants, with the exception of hp-1.2 LA0279, but the decrease was most noticeable in LA4012, yet significant changes in the respiration rate were absent. The LA0279 mutant was more capable of accumulating anthocyanin in the cells of the subepidermal parenchyma and chlorenchyma, as well as in the cells at the base of large multicellular glandular trichomes and in the mesophyll. Another important difference was the accumulation of increased amounts of antheraxanthin and phenolic compounds in the leaves of LA0279 after 72 h of HIL irradiation. Unlike LA4012, LA3006, LA0279, and LA3538 sowed a significant increase in the expression levels of CHS, HY5, and FLS genes after 24 h, which may be one of the reasons for the higher adaptive potential of those three mutants. In addition to that in LA3538, strong light-induced stress led to an increased level of flavonol synthase (FLS) expression in the LA3006, LA0279, and LA4012 mutants. We hypothesize that the photosynthetic apparatus (PA) of the LA0279 mutant, which is deficient in the DET1 and DDB1 genes, is most adapted to prolonged HIL. Most likely, the resistance of PA mutants to HIL is due to a variety of factors, which, in addition to the redistribution of carotenoids, may include morphological features associated with the accumulation of anthocyanin in the epidermis, subepidermal layer, mesophyll and trichomes of leaves and with an increase in leaf thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexandra Khudyakova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Ashikhmin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Maksim Bolshakov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Anna Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Anatoly Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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22
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Fruit Colour and Novel Mechanisms of Genetic Regulation of Pigment Production in Tomato Fruits. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7080259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit colour represents a genetic trait with ecological and nutritional value. Plants mainly use colour to attract animals and favour seed dispersion. Thus, in many species, fruit colour coevolved with frugivories and their preferences. Environmental factors, however, represented other adaptive forces and further diversification was driven by domestication. All these factors cooperated in the evolution of tomato fruit, one of the most important in human nutrition. Tomato phylogenetic history showed two main steps in colour evolution: the change from green-chlorophyll to red-carotenoid pericarp, and the loss of the anthocyanic pigmentation. These events likely occurred with the onset of domestication. Then spontaneous mutations repeatedly occurred in carotenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways, leading to colour variants which often were propagated. Introgression breeding further enriched the panel of pigmentation patterns. In recent decades, the genetic determinants underneath tomato colours were identified. Novel evidence indicates that key regulatory and biosynthetic genes undergo mechanisms of gene expression regulation that are much more complex than what was imagined before: post-transcriptional mechanisms, with RNA splicing among the most common, indeed play crucial roles to fine-tune the expression of this trait in fruits and offer new substrate for the rise of genetic variables, thus providing further evolutionary flexibility to the character.
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Liu C, Zhang H, He M, Liu X, Chen S, He Z, Ye J, Xu J. Lycopene Accumulation in Cara Cara Red-flesh Navel Orange Is Correlated with Weak Abscisic Acid Catabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8236-8246. [PMID: 34255521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is the main pigment in red-flesh citrus fruits, and its formation is a research hotspot. To explore the basis of lycopene accumulation in red-flesh mutants, we profiled the terpenoid metabolites. Compared with their respective wild types, Cara Cara (Cara) [and Red-Anliu (R-An)] oranges showed increased carotenoid and limonoid aglycone contents and decreased contents of abscisic acid (ABA) catabolites, monoterpenoid volatiles, and sesquiterpenoid volatiles. Cara contained less than half of the amount of ABA glucose ester (ABAGE), the main ABA derivative in oranges. Parallel lower transcript levels of NCED and ABA glucosyltransferase in Cara were detected at the mature green stage. These results document the changes in terpenoid profiles in Cara and show that the red flesh of citrus color mutants is related to weak ABA catabolism, especially ABAGE, and decreased transcript levels of two genes encoding uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases that catalyze ABAGE biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Agricultural Bureau of Yichang District, Yichang 443310, China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Li S, Chen K, Grierson D. Molecular and Hormonal Mechanisms Regulating Fleshy Fruit Ripening. Cells 2021; 10:1136. [PMID: 34066675 PMCID: PMC8151651 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the molecular and hormonal mechanisms underlying the control of fleshy fruit ripening and quality. Recent research on tomato shows that ethylene, acting through transcription factors, is responsible for the initiation of tomato ripening. Several other hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and brassinosteroids (BR), promote ripening by upregulating ethylene biosynthesis genes in different fruits. Changes to histone marks and DNA methylation are associated with the activation of ripening genes and are necessary for ripening initiation. Light, detected by different photoreceptors and operating through ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5), also modulates ripening. Re-evaluation of the roles of 'master regulators' indicates that MADS-RIN, NAC-NOR, Nor-like1 and other MADS and NAC genes, together with ethylene, promote the full expression of genes required for further ethylene synthesis and change in colour, flavour, texture and progression of ripening. Several different types of non-coding RNAs are involved in regulating expression of ripening genes, but further clarification of their diverse mechanisms of action is required. We discuss a model that integrates the main hormonal and genetic regulatory interactions governing the ripening of tomato fruit and consider variations in ripening regulatory circuits that operate in other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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Chattopadhyay T, Hazra P, Akhtar S, Maurya D, Mukherjee A, Roy S. Skin colour, carotenogenesis and chlorophyll degradation mutant alleles: genetic orchestration behind the fruit colour variation in tomato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:767-782. [PMID: 33388894 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The genetics underlying the fruit colour variation in tomato is an interesting area of both basic and applied research in plant biology. There are several factors, like phytohormones, environmental signals and epistatic interactions between genes, which modulate the ripe fruit colour in tomato. However, three aspects: genetic regulation of skin pigmentation, carotenoid biosynthesis and ripening-associated chlorophyll degradation in tomato fruits are of pivotal importance. Different genes along with their mutant alleles governing the aforementioned characters have been characterized in detail. Moreover, the interaction of these mutant alleles has been explored, which has paved the way for developing novel tomato genotypes with unique fruit colour and beneficial phytonutrient composition. In this article, we review the genes and the corresponding mutant alleles underlying the variation in tomato skin pigmentation, carotenoid biosynthesis and ripening-associated chlorophyll degradation. The possibility of generating novel fruit colour-variants using different combinations of these mutant alleles is documented. Furthermore, the involvement of some other mutant alleles (like those governing purple fruit colour and high fruit pigmentation), not belonging to the aforementioned three categories, are discussed in brief. The simplified representation of the assembled information in this article should not only help a broad range of readers in their basic understanding of this complex phenomenon but also trigger them for further exploration of the same. The article would be useful for genetic characterization of fruit colour-variants and molecular breeding for fruit colour improvement in tomato using the well-characterized mutant alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthartha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India.
| | - Pranab Hazra
- Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Shirin Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India
| | - Deepak Maurya
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India
| | - Sheuli Roy
- Alumna, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Qtr. No. C1/14, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 813210, India
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Müller M, Munné-Bosch S. Hormonal impact on photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1500-1522. [PMID: 33793915 PMCID: PMC8133604 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is not only essential for plants, but it also sustains life on Earth. Phytohormones play crucial roles in developmental processes, from organ initiation to senescence, due to their role as growth and developmental regulators, as well as their central role in the regulation of photosynthesis. Furthermore, phytohormones play a major role in photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions. Here, in addition to discussing our current knowledge on the role of the phytohormones auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, and strigolactones in promoting photosynthesis, we will also highlight the role of abscisic acid beyond stomatal closure in modulating photosynthesis and photoprotection under various stress conditions through crosstalk with ethylene, salicylates, jasmonates, and brassinosteroids. Furthermore, the role of phytohormones in controlling the production and scavenging of photosynthesis-derived reactive oxygen species, the duration and extent of photo-oxidative stress and redox signaling under stress conditions will be discussed in detail. Hormones have a significant impact on the regulation of photosynthetic processes in plants under both optimal and stress conditions, with hormonal interactions, complementation, and crosstalk being important in the spatiotemporal and integrative regulation of photosynthetic processes during organ development at the whole-plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Müller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Author for communication:
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Mukherjee A, Akhtar S, Chattopadhyay T. Development of tetra-primer amplicon refractory mutation system (T-ARMS) strategy for identification of the dark green mutant allele in tomato. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:182. [PMID: 33927973 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The high pigment (hp) tomato mutants increase the fruit pigment content in tomato. The dark green (dg) tomato mutant belonging to this category contains the hp-2 dg recessive allele, resulting from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the DEETIOLATED1 (DET1) gene. Naturally, identification of this functional SNP is crucial for introgression of this important mutant allele in suitable tomato cultivar(s). Hence, we developed a functional co-dominant marker for detecting the hp-2 dg mutant allele using the tetra-primer amplicon refractory mutation system (T-ARMS) strategy. Although the other available techniques for identification of SNPs require specialized costly equipments and reagents, our method allows the reliable identification of this functional SNP in time-, labour- and cost-effective manner, using standard molecular biology equipments and reagents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T-ARMS strategy for the detection of the dg mutant allele in tomato, which will definitely help in identification and introgression of this allele by the breeders, working even under limited fund and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Shirin Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Tirthartha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
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Rutley N, Miller G, Wang F, Harper JF, Miller G, Lieberman-Lazarovich M. Enhanced Reproductive Thermotolerance of the Tomato high pigment 2 Mutant Is Associated With Increased Accumulation of Flavonols in Pollen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672368. [PMID: 34093629 PMCID: PMC8171326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has created an environment where heat stress conditions are becoming more frequent as temperatures continue to raise in crop production areas around the world. This situation leads to decreased crop production due to plant sensitivity to heat stress. Reproductive success is critically dependent on plants' ability to produce functional pollen grains, which are the most thermo-sensitive tissue. Flavonols are plant secondary metabolites known for their potent antioxidative activity, essential for male fertility in several species including tomato, and implicated in heat stress tolerance. Since flavonols are highly abundant in fruits of the tomato high pigment 2 (hp2) mutant, we tested the level of flavonols in pollen of this mutant, under the hypothesis that increased accumulation of flavonols would render pollen more tolerant to heat stress. Indeed, pollen from two alleles of the hp2 mutant was found to have flavonols levels increased by 18 and 280% compared with wild-type (WT) under moderate chronic heat stress (MCHS) conditions. This mutant produced on average 7.8-fold higher levels of viable pollen and displayed better germination competence under heat stress conditions. The percentage of fully seeded fruits and the number of seeds per fruit were maintained in the mutant under heat stress conditions while decreased in wild-type plants. Our results strongly suggest that increased concentrations of pollen flavonols enhance pollen thermotolerance and reproductive success under heat stress conditions. Thus, the high flavonols trait may help frame the model for improving crop resilience to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rutley
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Golan Miller
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Fengde Wang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Lieberman-Lazarovich
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- *Correspondence: Michal Lieberman-Lazarovich,
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Salazar-Iribe A, De-la-Peña C. Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1595-1608. [PMID: 32960306 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Throughout decades of plant research, the plant hormones known as auxins have been found to be of vital importance in most plant development processes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) represents the most common auxin in plants and can be synthesized from its tryptophan precursor, which is synthesized in the chloroplast. The chloroplast constitutes an organelle of great relevance to plants since the photosynthesis process by which plants get most of their energy is carried out there. The role of auxins in photosynthesis has been studied for at least 50 years, and in this time, it has been shown that auxins have an effect on several of the essential components and structure of the chloroplast. In recent decades, a high number of genes have been reported to be expressed in the chloroplast and some of their mutants have been shown to alter different auxin-mediated pathways. Genes in signaling pathways such as IAA/AUX, ARF, GH.3, SAUR and TIR, biosynthesis-related genes such as YUCCA and transport-related genes such as PIN have been identified among the most regulated genes in mutants related to alterations in the chloroplast. This review aims to provide a complete and updated summary of the relationship between auxins and several processes that involve the chloroplast, including chloroplast development, plant albinism, redox regulation and pigment synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Salazar-Iribe
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Multiple gene substitution by Target-AID base-editing technology in tomato. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20471. [PMID: 33235312 PMCID: PMC7686336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Target activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Target-AID) base-editing technology with the CRISPR-Cas 9 system fused with activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) resulted in the substitution of a cytidine with a thymine. In previous experiments focusing on a single target gene, this system has been reported to work in several plant species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). In this research, we used Target-AID technology to target multiple genes related to carotenoid accumulation in tomato. We selected 3 genes, SlDDB1, SlDET1 and SlCYC-B, for their roles in carotenoid accumulation. Among 12 edited T0 lines, we obtained 10 independent T0 lines carrying nucleotide substitutions in the three targeted genes, with several allelic versions for each targeted gene. The two edited lines showed significant differences in carotenoid accumulation. These results demonstrate that Target-AID technology is a highly efficient tool for targeting multiple genes with several allelic versions.
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Karniel U, Koch A, Zamir D, Hirschberg J. Development of zeaxanthin-rich tomato fruit through genetic manipulations of carotenoid biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2292-2303. [PMID: 32320515 PMCID: PMC7589248 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The oxygenated carotenoid zeaxanthin provides numerous benefits to human health due to its antioxidant properties. Especially it is linked to protecting, together with the xanthophyll lutein, the retina in the human eye by filtering harmful blue light thus delaying the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most prevalent cause of blindness in developed countries. Despite its high nutritional value, zeaxanthin is less available than other substantial carotenoids in our diet. To solve this shortage, we chose to develop a new food source that would contain a high concentration of natural zeaxanthin. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was selected as the target plant since it is the second largest vegetable crop grown worldwide and its fruit characteristically synthesizes and accumulates a high concentration of carotenoids. We employed two genetic approaches in order to enhance zeaxanthin biosynthesis in tomato fruit: a transgenic metabolic engineering and classical genetic breeding. A nontransgenic tomato line, named 'Xantomato', was generated whose fruit accumulated zeaxanthin at a concentration of 39 μg/g fresh weight (or 577 μg/g dry weight), which comprised ca. 50% of total fruit carotenoids compared to zero in the wild type. This is the highest concentration of zeaxanthin reached in a primary crop. Xantomato can potentially increase zeaxanthin availability in the human diet and serve as raw material for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Karniel
- Department of GeneticsAlexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Amit Koch
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and GeneticsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Dani Zamir
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and GeneticsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of GeneticsAlexander Silberman Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Jia T, Cheng Y, Khan I, Zhao X, Gu T, Hu X. Progress on Understanding Transcriptional Regulation of Chloroplast Development in Fleshy Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186951. [PMID: 32971815 PMCID: PMC7555698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible fleshy fruits are important food sources in the human diet. Their yield and nutritional quality have long been considered as breeding targets for improvement. Various developing fleshy fruits with functional chloroplasts are capable of photosynthesis and contribute to fruit photosynthate, leading to the accumulation of metabolites associated with nutritional quality in ripe fruit. Although tomato high-pigment mutants with dark-green fruits have been isolated for more than 100 years, our understanding of the mechanism of chloroplast development in fleshy fruit remain poor. During the past few years, several transcription factors that regulate chloroplast development in fleshy fruit were identified through map-based cloning. In addition, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms that how these transcription factors regulate chloroplast development. This review provides a summary and update on this progress, with a framework for further investigations of the multifaceted and hierarchical regulation of chloroplast development in fleshy fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuting Cheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (I.K.); (X.Z.); (T.G.)
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (I.K.); (X.Z.); (T.G.)
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (I.K.); (X.Z.); (T.G.)
| | - Tongyu Gu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (I.K.); (X.Z.); (T.G.)
| | - Xueyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (I.K.); (X.Z.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Yan F, Gao Y, Pang X, Xu X, Zhu N, Chan H, Hu G, Wu M, Yuan Y, Li H, Zhong S, Hada W, Deng W, Li Z. BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN4 regulates chlorophyll accumulation, chloroplast development, and cell wall metabolism in tomato fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5549-5561. [PMID: 32492701 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model plant for studying fruit development and ripening. In this study, we found that down-regulation of a tomato bell-like homeodomain 4 (SlBL4) resulted in a slightly darker-green fruit phenotype and increased accumulation of starch, fructose, and glucose. Analysis of chlorophyll content and TEM observations was consistent with these phenotypes, indicating that SlBL4 was involved in chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast formation. Ripened fruit of SlBL4-RNAi plants had noticeably decreased firmness, larger intercellular spaces, and thinner cell walls than the wild-type. RNA-seq identified differentially expressed genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development, cell wall metabolism, and carotenoid metabolism. ChIP-seq identified (G/A) GCCCA (A/T/C) and (C/A/T) (C/A/T) AAAAA (G/A/T) (G/A) motifs. SlBL4 directly inhibited the expression of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (SlPPO), magnesium chelatase H subunit (SlCHLD), pectinesterase (SlPE), protochlorophyllide reductase (SlPOR), chlorophyll a/b binding protein 3B (SlCAB-3B), and homeobox protein knotted 2 (TKN2). In contrast, it positively regulated the expression of squamosa promoter binding protein-like colorless non-ripening (LeSPL-CNR). Our results indicate that SlBL4 is involved in chlorophyll accumulation, chloroplast development, cell wall metabolism, and the accumulation of carotenoids during tomato fruit ripening, and provide new insights for the transcriptional regulation mechanism of BELL-mediated fruit growth and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushuo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Chan
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guojian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Honghai Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wuriyanghan Hada
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Lee SB, Kim JE, Kim HT, Lee GM, Kim BS, Lee JM. Genetic mapping of the c1 locus by GBS-based BSA-seq revealed Pseudo-Response Regulator 2 as a candidate gene controlling pepper fruit color. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1897-1910. [PMID: 32088729 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudo-Response Regulator 2 gene was identified in the c1 locus, representing a genetic factor regulating fruit color in pepper using GBS-based BSA-seq. The loci c1, c2, and y have been widely reported as genetic determinants of various ripe fruit colors in pepper. However, c1, which may impact reduced pigmentation in red, orange, and yellow fruits, is not well understood. Two cultivars showing peach or orange fruit in Capsicum chinense 'Habanero' were found to have c2 mutation and were hypothesized to segregate c1 locus in the F2 population. Habanero peach (HP) showed a reduced level of chlorophylls, carotenoids and total soluble solids in immature and ripe fruits. A microscopic examination of the fruit pericarps revealed smaller plastids and less stacked thylakoid grana in HP. The expression of many genes related to chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways were reduced in HP. To identify the genomic region of the c1 locus, bulked segregant analysis combined with genotyping-by-sequencing was employed on an F2 population derived from a cross between Habanero orange and HP. One SNP at chromosome 1 was strongly associated with the peach fruit color. Pepper Pseudo-Response Regulator 2 (PRR2) was located close to the SNP and cosegregated with the peach fruit color. A 41 bp deletion at the third exon-intron junction region of CcPRR2 in HP resulted in a premature termination codon. A nonsense mutation of CaPRR2 was found in C. annuum 'IT158782' which had white ripe fruit coupled with null mutations of capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (y) and phytoene synthase 1 (c2). These results will be useful for the genetic improvement in fruit color and nutritional quality in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science (BK21 Plus Program), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science (BK21 Plus Program), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Hyoung Tae Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science (BK21 Plus Program), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Gyu-Myung Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science (BK21 Plus Program), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science (BK21 Plus Program), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Je Min Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science (BK21 Plus Program), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
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35
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Stanley LE, Ding B, Sun W, Mou F, Hill C, Chen S, Yuan YW. A Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein Regulates Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Chromoplast Development in Monkeyflowers ( Mimulus). THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1536-1555. [PMID: 32132132 PMCID: PMC7203930 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the factors regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in flowers. Here, we characterized the REDUCED CAROTENOID PIGMENTATION2 (RCP2) locus from two monkeyflower (Mimulus) species, the bumblebee-pollinated species Mimulus lewisii and the hummingbird-pollinated species Mimulus verbenaceus We show that loss-of-function mutations of RCP2 cause drastic down-regulation of the entire carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. The causal gene underlying RCP2 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat protein that is closely related to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) REDUCED CHLOROPLAST COVERAGE proteins. RCP2 appears to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis independently of RCP1, a previously identified R2R3-MYB master regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis. We show that RCP2 is necessary and sufficient for chromoplast development and carotenoid accumulation in floral tissues. Simultaneous down-regulation of RCP2 and two closely related paralogs, RCP2-L1 and RCP2-L2, yielded plants with pale leaves deficient in chlorophyll and carotenoids and with reduced chloroplast compartment size. Finally, we demonstrate that M. verbenaceus is just as amenable to chemical mutagenesis and in planta transformation as the more extensively studied M. lewisii, making these two species an excellent platform for comparative developmental genetics studies of closely related species with dramatic phenotypic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Stanley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Baoqing Ding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fengjuan Mou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
- Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Connor Hill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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Zhao P, You Q, Lei M. A CRISPR/Cas9 deletion into the phosphate transporter SlPHO1;1 reveals its role in phosphate nutrition of tomato seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:556-563. [PMID: 30537089 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In vascular (Arabidopsis thaliana) and non-vascular (Physcomitrella patens) plants, PHOSPHATE 1 (PHO1) homologs play important roles in the acquisition and transfer of phosphate. The tomato genome contains six genes (SlPHO1;1-SlPHO1;6) homologous to AtPHO1. The six proteins have typical characteristics of the plant PHO1 family, such as the three Syg1/Pho81/XPRI (SPX) subdomains in the N-terminal portion and one ERD1/XPR1/SYG1 (EXS) domain in the C-terminal portion. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SlPHO1 family is subdivided into three clusters. A pairwise comparison indicated that SlPHO1;1 showed the highest level of sequence identity/similarity (67.39/76.21%) to AtPHO1. SlPHO1;1 deletion mutants induced by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 displayed typical phenotypes of Pi starvation, such as decreased shoot fresh weight and increased root fresh weight, therefore having a greater root-to-shoot ratio. Mutants also accumulated more anthocyanin and had more soluble Pi content in the root and less in the shoot. These results indicate that SlPHO1;1 plays an important role in Pi transport in the tomato at seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Zhao
- Biology Department, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, 330032, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 210602, China
| | - Qiuye You
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 210602, China
| | - Mingguang Lei
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 210602, China
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37
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Stanley L, Yuan YW. Transcriptional Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: So Many Regulators, So Little Consensus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1017. [PMID: 31447877 PMCID: PMC6695471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (CBP) is essential for the production of photosynthetic and protective pigments, plant hormones, and visual/olfactory attractants for animal pollinators and seed dispersers. The regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis at the transcriptional level is vitally important for all of these functions and has been the subject of intensive research. Many putative transcriptional regulators, both direct and indirect, have been identified through conventional mutant analysis, transcriptome profiling, yeast one-hybrid screening, and candidate gene approaches. Despite this progress, our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis remains fragmented and incomplete. Frequently, a stimulus or regulator is known, but the mechanism by which it affects transcription has not been elucidated. In other cases, mechanisms have been proposed (such as direct binding of a CBP gene promoter by a transcription factor), but function was tested only in vitro or in heterologous systems, making it unclear whether these proteins actually play a role in carotenoid regulation in their endogenous environments. Even in cases where the mechanism is relatively well understood, regulators are often studied in isolation, either in a single plant species or outside the context of other known regulators. This presents a conundrum: why so many candidate regulators but so little consensus? Here we summarize current knowledge on transcriptional regulation of the CBP, lay out the challenges contributing to this conundrum, identify remaining knowledge gaps, and suggest future research directions to address these challenges and knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Stanley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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38
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Chen L, Li W, Li Y, Feng X, Du K, Wang G, Zhao L. Identified trans-splicing of YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 2 encoding the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 protein alters fruit color by map-based cloning, functional complementation and RACE. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:647-658. [PMID: 31154655 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Found a trans-splicing of PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 alters tomato fruit color by map-based cloning, functional complementation and RACE providing an insight into fruit color development. Color is an important fruit quality trait and a major determinant of the economic value of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Fruit color inheritance in a yellow-fruited cherry tomato (cv. No. 22), named yellow-fruited tomato 2 (yft2), was shown to be controlled by a single recessive gene, YFT2. The YFT2 gene was mapped in a 95.7 kb region on chromosome 3, and the candidate gene, PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 (PSY1), was confirmed by functional complementation analysis. Constitutive over expression of PSY1 in yft2 increased the accumulation of carotenoids and resulted in a red fruit color, while no causal mutation was detected in the YFT2 allele of yft2, compared with red-fruited SL1995 cherry tomato or cultivated variety (cv. M82). Expression of YFT2 3' region in yft2 was significantly lower than in SL1995, and further studies revealed a difference in YFT2 post-transcriptional processing in yft2 compared with SL1995 and cv. M82, resulting in a longer YFT2 transcript. The alternatively trans-spliced allele of YFT2 in yft2 is predicted to encode a novel LT-YFT2 protein of 432 amino acid (AA) residues, compared to the 412 AA YFT2 protein of SL1995. The trans-spliced event also resulted in significantly down regulated expression of YFT2 in yft2 tomato, and the YFT2 allele suppressed expression of the downstream genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and carotenoids synthesis by a mechanism of the feed-forward regulation. In conclusion, we found that trans-splicing of YFT2 alters tomato fruit color, providing new insights into fruit color development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuechao Feng
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Keyu Du
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Borovsky Y, Monsonego N, Mohan V, Shabtai S, Kamara I, Faigenboim A, Hill T, Chen S, Stoffel K, Van Deynze A, Paran I. The zinc-finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:41-55. [PMID: 30828904 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development and chlorophyll content in the immature fruit has a major impact on the morphology and quality in pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), pc1 and pc10 that affect chlorophyll content in the pepper fruit by modulation of chloroplast compartment size were previously identified in chromosomes 1 and 10, respectively. The pepper homolog of GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factor (CaGLK2) has been found as underlying pc10, similar to its effect on tomato chloroplast development. In the present study, we identified the pepper homolog of the zinc-finger transcription factor LOL1 (LSD ONE LIKE1; CcLOL1) as the gene underlying pc1. LOL1 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a positive regulator of programmed cell death and we report here on its role in controlling fruit development in the Solanaceae in a fruit-specific manner. The light-green C. chinense parent used for QTL mapping was found to carry a null mutation in CcLOL1. Verification of the function of the gene was done by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants of the orthologous tomato gene resulting in light-green tomato fruits, indicating functional conservation of the orthologous genes in controlling chlorophyll content in the Solanaceae. Transcriptome profiling of light and dark-green bulks differing for pc1, showed that the QTL affects multiple photosynthesis and oxidation-reduction associated genes in the immature green fruit. Allelic diversity of three known genes CcLOL1, CaGLK2, and CcAPRR2 that influence pepper immature fruit color, was found to be associated with variation in chlorophyll content primarily in C. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Borovsky
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Noam Monsonego
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Vijee Mohan
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sara Shabtai
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Itzhak Kamara
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Theresa Hill
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Stoffel
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allen Van Deynze
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ilan Paran
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Ilahy R, Tlili I, Siddiqui MW, Hdider C, Lenucci MS. Inside and Beyond Color: Comparative Overview of Functional Quality of Tomato and Watermelon Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:769. [PMID: 31263475 PMCID: PMC6585571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The quali-quantitative evaluation and the improvement of the levels of plant bioactive secondary metabolites are increasingly gaining consideration by growers, breeders and processors, particularly in those fruits and vegetables that, due to their supposed health promoting properties, are considered "functional." Worldwide, tomato and watermelon are among the main grown and consumed crops and represent important sources not only of dietary lycopene but also of other health beneficial bioactives. Tomato and watermelon synthesize and store lycopene as their major ripe fruit carotenoid responsible of their typical red color at full maturity. It is also the precursor of some characteristic aroma volatiles in both fruits playing, thus, an important visual and olfactory impact in consumer choice. While sharing the same main pigment, tomato and watermelon fruits show substantial biochemical and physiological differences during ripening. Tomato is climacteric while watermelon is non-climacteric; unripe tomato fruit is green, mainly contributed by chlorophylls and xanthophylls, while young watermelon fruit mesocarp is white and contains only traces of carotenoids. Various studies comparatively evaluated in vivo pigment development in ripening tomato and watermelon fruits. However, in most cases, other classes of compounds have not been considered. We believe this knowledge is fundamental for targeted breeding aimed at improving the functional quality of elite cultivars. Hence, in this paper, we critically review the recent understanding underlying the biosynthesis, accumulation and regulation of different bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolics, aroma volatiles, and vitamin C) during tomato and watermelon fruit ripening. We also highlight some concerns about possible harmful effects of excessive uptake of bioactive compound on human health. We found that a complex interweaving of anabolic, catabolic and recycling reactions, finely regulated at multiple levels and with temporal and spatial precision, ensures a certain homeostasis in the concentrations of carotenoids, phenolics, aroma volatiles and Vitamin C within the fruit tissues. Nevertheless, several exogenous factors including light and temperature conditions, pathogen attack, as well as pre- and post-harvest manipulations can drive their amounts far away from homeostasis. These adaptive responses allow crops to better cope with abiotic and biotic stresses but may severely affect the supposed functional quality of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
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Xiong C, Luo D, Lin A, Zhang C, Shan L, He P, Li B, Zhang Q, Hua B, Yuan Z, Li H, Zhang J, Yang C, Lu Y, Ye Z, Wang T. A tomato B-box protein SlBBX20 modulates carotenoid biosynthesis by directly activating PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, and is targeted for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:279-294. [PMID: 30101463 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids play important roles in many biological processes, such as light harvesting, photoprotection and visual attraction in plants. However, the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis is still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that SlBBX20, a B-box (BBX) zinc-finger transcription factor, is a positive regulator of carotenoid accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Overexpression of SlBBX20 leads to dark green fruits and leaves and higher levels of carotenoids relative to the wild-type. Interactions between SlBBX20 and DE-ETIOLATED 1 (SlDET1) lead to the ubiquitination and 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of SlBBX20. Moreover, deficiencies in the components of the CUL4-DDB1-DET1 complex enhanced the stability of the SlBBX20 protein. Thus, we conclude that SlBBX20 is a substrate of the CUL4-DDB1-DET1 E3 ligase. SlBBX20 can activate the expression of PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, encoding a key enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, by directly binding to a G-box motif in its promoter, which results in the elevated levels of carotenoids in SlBBX20 overexpression lines. We identified a key regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis and demonstrated that the stability of SlBBX20 is regulated by ubiquitination. These findings provide us a new target for the genetic improvement of the nutritional quality of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Aihua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Libo Shan
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ping He
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Qiaomei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zilv Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Lu P, Wang S, Grierson D, Xu C. Transcriptomic changes triggered by carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors and role of Citrus sinensis phosphate transporter 4;2 (CsPHT4;2) in enhancing carotenoid accumulation. PLANTA 2019; 249:257-270. [PMID: 30083809 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast development in orange were perturbed by carotenoid inhibitors, and candidate genes were identified via transcriptomic analysis. The role of CsPHT4;2 in enhancing carotenoid accumulation was revealed. Carotenoids are important plant pigments and their accumulation can be affected by biosynthesis inhibitors, but the genes involved were largely unknown. Here, application of norflurazon (NFZ), 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine hydrochloride (CPTA) and clomazone for 30 days to in vitro cultured sweet orange juice vesicles caused over-accumulation of phytoene (over 1000-fold), lycopene (2.92 μg g-1 FW, none in control), and deficiency in total carotenoids (reduced to 22%), respectively. Increased carotenoids were associated with bigger chromoplasts with enlarged plastoglobules or a differently crystalline structure in NFZ, and CPTA-treated juice vesicles, respectively. Global transcriptomic changes following inhibitor treatments were profiled. Induced expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase 1 by CPTA, hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate reductase by both NFZ and CPTA, and reduced expression of chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase by CPTA, as well as several downstream genes by at least one of the three inhibitors were observed. Expression of fibrillin 11 (CsFBN11) was induced following both NFZ and CPTA treatments. Using weighted correlation network analysis, a plastid-type phosphate transporter 4;2 (CsPHT4;2) was identified as closely correlated with high-lycopene accumulation induced by CPTA. Transient over-expression of CsPHT4;2 significantly enhanced carotenoid accumulation over tenfold in 'Cara Cara' sweet orange juice vesicle-derived callus. The study provides a valuable overview of the underlying mechanisms for altered carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast development following carotenoid inhibitor treatments and sheds light on the relationship between carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Don Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wang A, Chen D, Ma Q, Rose JKC, Fei Z, Liu Y, Giovannoni JJ. The tomato HIGH PIGMENT1/DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 gene contributes to regulation of fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:15. [PMID: 30729005 PMCID: PMC6355878 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit ripening is governed by multiple external and internal cues and accompanied by changes in color, texture, volatiles, and nutritional quality traits. While extended shelf-life and increased phytonutrients are desired, delaying ripening via genetic or postharvest means can be accompanied by reduced nutritional value. Here we report that the high pigment 1 (hp1) mutation at the UV-DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1) locus, previously shown to influence carotenoid and additional phytonutrient accumulation via altered light signal transduction, also results in delayed ripening and firmer texture, resulting at least in part from decreased ethylene evolution. Transcriptome analysis revealed multiple ethylene biosynthesis and signaling-associated genes downregulated in hp1. Furthermore, the hp1 mutation impedes softening of the pericarp, placenta, columella as well as the whole fruit, in addition to reduced expression of the FRUITFUL2 (FUL2) MADS-box transcription factor and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 5 (XTH5). These results indicate that DDB1 influences a broader range of fruit development and ripening processes than previously thought and present an additional genetic target for increasing fruit quality and shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Danyang Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Qiyue Ma
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jocelyn K. C. Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Robert W. Holley Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - James J. Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Robert W. Holley Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Batista-Silva W, Nascimento VL, Medeiros DB, Nunes-Nesi A, Ribeiro DM, Zsögön A, Araújo WL. Modifications in Organic Acid Profiles During Fruit Development and Ripening: Correlation or Causation? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1689. [PMID: 30524461 PMCID: PMC6256983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The pivotal role of phytohormones during fruit development and ripening is considered established knowledge in plant biology. Perhaps less well-known is the growing body of evidence suggesting that organic acids play a key function in plant development and, in particular, in fruit development, maturation and ripening. Here, we critically review the connection between organic acids and the development of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. By analyzing the metabolic content of different fruits during their ontogenetic trajectory, we noticed that the content of organic acids in the early stages of fruit development is directly related to the supply of substrates for respiratory processes. Although different organic acid species can be found during fruit development in general, it appears that citrate and malate play major roles in this process, as they accumulate on a broad range of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. We further highlight the functional significance of changes in organic acid profile in fruits due to either the manipulation of fruit-specific genes or the use of fruit-specific promoters. Despite the complexity behind the fluctuation in organic acid content during fruit development and ripening, we extend our understanding on the importance of organic acids on fruit metabolism and the need to further boost future research. We suggest that engineering organic acid metabolism could improve both qualitative and quantitative traits of crop fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Vitor L. Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - David B. Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Dimas M. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Siddiqui MW, Lara I, Ilahy R, Tlili I, Ali A, Homa F, Prasad K, Deshi V, Lenucci MS, Hdider C. Dynamic Changes in Health-Promoting Properties and Eating Quality During Off-Vine Ripening of Tomatoes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1540-1560. [PMID: 33350145 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) fruit is rich in various nutrients, vitamins and health-promoting molecules. Fresh tomatoes are an important part of the Mediterranean gastronomy, and their consumption is thought to contribute substantially to the reduced incidence of some chronic diseases in the Mediterranean populations in comparison with those of other world areas. Unfortunately, tomato fruit is highly perishable, resulting in important economic losses and posing a challenge to storage, logistic and supply management. This review summarizes the current knowledge on some important health-promoting and eating quality traits of tomato fruits after harvest and highlights the existence of substantial cultivar-to-cultivar variation in the postharvest evolution of the considered traits according to maturity stage at harvest and in response to postharvest manipulations. It also suggests the need for adapting postharvest procedures to the characteristics of each particular genotype to preserve the optimal quality of the fresh product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Dept. of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural Univ., Sabour - 813210, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Isabel Lara
- Dept. de Quı́mica, Unitat de Postcollita-XaRTA, Univ. de Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Riadh Ilahy
- Lab. of Horticulture, Natl Agricultural Research Inst. of Tunisia (INRAT), Univ. of Carthage, Tunis, Rue Hédi Karray 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imen Tlili
- Lab. of Horticulture, Natl Agricultural Research Inst. of Tunisia (INRAT), Univ. of Carthage, Tunis, Rue Hédi Karray 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Asgar Ali
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, The Univ. of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fozia Homa
- Dept. of Statistics, Mathematics, and Computer Appplication, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour - 813210, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Kamlesh Prasad
- Dept. of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Inst. of Engineering and Technology, Longowal - 148106, Punjab, India
| | - Vinayak Deshi
- Dept. of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural Univ., Sabour - 813210, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipt. di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Univ. del Salento (DiSTeBA), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Lab. of Horticulture, Natl Agricultural Research Inst. of Tunisia (INRAT), Univ. of Carthage, Tunis, Rue Hédi Karray 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
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Gao Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Tang H, Wang Y, He Y, Ou Y, Sun X, Wang S, Yao Y. Tomato SlAN11 regulates flavonoid biosynthesis and seed dormancy by interaction with bHLH proteins but not with MYB proteins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:27. [PMID: 29872532 PMCID: PMC5981465 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid compounds are important secondary metabolites with versatile human nutritive benefits and fulfill a multitude of functions during plant growth and development. The abundance of different flavonoid compounds are finely tuned with species-specific pattern by a ternary MBW complex, which consists of a MYB, a bHLH, and a WD40 protein, but the essential role of SlAN11, which is a WD40 protein, is not fully understood in tomato until now. In this study, a tomato WD40 protein named as SlAN11 was characterized as an effective transcription regulator to promote plant anthocyanin and seed proanthocyanidin (PA) contents, with late flavonoid biosynthetic genes activated in 35S::SlAN11 transgenic lines, while the dihydroflavonol flow to the accumulation of flavonols or their glycosylated derivatives was reduced by repressing the expression of SlFLS in this SlAN11-overexpressed lines. The above changes were reversed in 35S::SlAN11-RNAi transgenic lines except remained levels of flavonol compounds and SlFLS expression. Interestingly, our data revealed that SlAN11 gene could affect seed dormancy by regulating the expressions of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling-related genes SlABI3 and SlABI5, and the sensitivity to ABA treatment in seed germination is conversely changed by SlAN11-overexpressed or -downregulated lines. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that SlAN11 interacted with bHLH but not with MYB proteins in the ternary MBW complex, whereas bHLH interacted with MYB in tomato. Our results indicated that low level of anthocyanins in tomato fruits, with low expression of bHLH (SlTT8) and MYB (SlANT1 and SlAN2) genes, remain unchanged upon modification of SlAN11 gene alone in the transgenic lines. These results suggest that the tomato WD40 protein SlAN11, coordinating with bHLH and MYB proteins, plays a crucial role in the fine adjustment of the flavonoid biosynthesis and seed dormancy in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Yongfu Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Hai Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Yongmei He
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, The Innovation Team for Farmland Non-pollution Production of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yongbin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046 China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
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Meng L, Fan Z, Zhang Q, Wang C, Gao Y, Deng Y, Zhu B, Zhu H, Chen J, Shan W, Yin X, Zhong S, Grierson D, Jiang CZ, Luo Y, Fu DQ. BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN 11 regulates chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis in tomato fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:1126-1140. [PMID: 29659108 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development and chlorophyll(Chl)metabolism in unripe tomato contribute to the growth and quality of the fruit, however these mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we initially investigated seven homeobox-containing transcription factors (TFs) with specific ripening-associated expression patterns using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology and found that inhibiting the expression of one of these TFs, BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN11 (SlBEL11), significantly increased Chl levels in unripe tomato fruit. This enhanced Chl accumulation was further validated by generating stable RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic lines. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of RNAi-SlBEL11 fruit at the mature green (MG) stage showed that 48 genes involved in Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development were significantly upregulated compared with the wild type (WT) fruit. Genomic global scanning for Homeobox TF binding sites combined with RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis showed that 22 of these 48 genes were potential target genes of SlBEL11 protein. These genes included Chl biosynthesis-related genes encoding for protochlorophyllide reductase (POR), magnesium chelatase H subunit (CHLH) and chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), and chloroplast development-related genes encoding for chlorophyll a/b binding protein (CAB), homeobox protein knotted 2 (TKN2) and ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-LIKE (APRR2-like). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (ChIP-qPCR) assays were employed to verify that SlBEL11 protein could bind to the promoters for TKN2, CAB and POR. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SlBEL11 plays an important role in chloroplast development and Chl synthesis in tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhuan Meng
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yikang Deng
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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48
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Li H, Li Y, Deng H, Sun X, Wang A, Tang X, Gao Y, Zhang N, Wang L, Yang S, Liu Y, Wang S. Tomato UV-B receptor SlUVR8 mediates plant acclimation to UV-B radiation and enhances fruit chloroplast development via regulating SlGLK2. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29666396 DOI: 10.1016/s41598-018-24309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants utilize energy from sunlight to perform photosynthesis in chloroplast, an organelle that could be damaged by solar UV radiation. The ultraviolet-B (UV-B) photoreceptor UVR8 is required for UV-B perception and signal transduction. However, little is known about how UVR8 influence chloroplast development under UV-B radiation. Here, we characterized tomato UVR8 gene (SlUVR8) and our results indicated that SlUVR8 facilitate plant acclimation to UV-B stress by orchestrating expression of the UVB-responsive genes (HY5 and CHS) and accumulating UV-absorptive compounds. In addition, we also discovered that SlUVR8 promotes fruit chloroplast development through enhancing accumulation of transcription factor GOLDEN2-LIKE2 (SlGLK2) which determines chloroplast and chlorophyll levels. Furthermore, UV-B radiation could increase expression of SlGLK2 and its target genes in fruits and leaves. SlUVR8 is required for UVB-induced SlGLK2 expression. Together, our work not only identified the conserved functions of SlUVR8 gene in response to UV-B stress, but also uncovered a novel role that SlUVR8 could boost chloroplast development by accumulating SlGLK2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine/Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Sheng, China
| | - Anquan Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lihuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shuzhang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Songhu Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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49
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Li H, Li Y, Deng H, Sun X, Wang A, Tang X, Gao Y, Zhang N, Wang L, Yang S, Liu Y, Wang S. Tomato UV-B receptor SlUVR8 mediates plant acclimation to UV-B radiation and enhances fruit chloroplast development via regulating SlGLK2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6097. [PMID: 29666396 PMCID: PMC5904186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants utilize energy from sunlight to perform photosynthesis in chloroplast, an organelle that could be damaged by solar UV radiation. The ultraviolet-B (UV-B) photoreceptor UVR8 is required for UV-B perception and signal transduction. However, little is known about how UVR8 influence chloroplast development under UV-B radiation. Here, we characterized tomato UVR8 gene (SlUVR8) and our results indicated that SlUVR8 facilitate plant acclimation to UV-B stress by orchestrating expression of the UVB-responsive genes (HY5 and CHS) and accumulating UV-absorptive compounds. In addition, we also discovered that SlUVR8 promotes fruit chloroplast development through enhancing accumulation of transcription factor GOLDEN2-LIKE2 (SlGLK2) which determines chloroplast and chlorophyll levels. Furthermore, UV-B radiation could increase expression of SlGLK2 and its target genes in fruits and leaves. SlUVR8 is required for UVB-induced SlGLK2 expression. Together, our work not only identified the conserved functions of SlUVR8 gene in response to UV-B stress, but also uncovered a novel role that SlUVR8 could boost chloroplast development by accumulating SlGLK2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine/Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Sheng, China
| | - Anquan Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lihuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shuzhang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China. .,School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Songhu Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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50
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Muñoz P, Munné-Bosch S. Photo-Oxidative Stress during Leaf, Flower and Fruit Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1004-1014. [PMID: 29051197 PMCID: PMC5813531 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidative stress plays a crucial role in organ growth and development, with some similarities but also important differences in the development of leaves, flowers, and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 08028
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 08028
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