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Yang GZ, Wang WZ, Wang M, Liu T. Side-Chain Effect on the Structural Evolution and Properties of Poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-alt-2,5-dialkoxybenzene) Copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:7747-55. [PMID: 17571873 DOI: 10.1021/jp0704620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural evolution and properties of poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-alt-2,5-dialkoxybenzene) with different lengths of alkoxy side chains on phenylene have been systematically investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing light microscopy (PLM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The polymer self-organizes into a lamellar structure consisting of both two- and one-layer packing, and the two-layer packing style is the dominant structure. In addition, the two-layer and one-layer packing structures also accompany the presence of planar stacking and/or crystalline and noncrystalline structures, thus maintaining the stability of the packing. PF6OC6 shows three ordered phases (two crystalline phases and one nematic phase) during the heating process. With further increase of the length of alkoxy side chains, only two ordered phases (one crystalline phase and one nematic phase) are observed and the polymers show a melting-recrystallization phenomenon, which is steadily inhibited as the length of the alkoxy side chains increases. The optical and electrochemical properties of the polymers do not exhibit noticeable dependence on the length of the alkoxy side chains. However, the thermal stability, the vibronic structures, and the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) in photoluminescence spectra of the films gradually decrease, and the oxidation onset potentials and the corresponding HOMO energy levels slightly increase with increasing length of alkoxy side chains on phenylene. These results indicate that the length variation of alkoxy side chains does not change the electronic structure of the polymer backbones, but remarkably affects the microphase separation between the flexible side chains and the conjugated backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Knaapila M, Stepanyan R, Horsburgh LE, Monkman AP, Serimaa R, Ikkala O, Subbotin A, Torkkeli M, ten Brinke G. Structure and Phase Equilibria of Polyelectrolytic Hairy-Rod Supramolecules in the Melt State. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035810m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
| | - Roman Stepanyan
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
| | - Lockhart E. Horsburgh
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
| | - Andrew P. Monkman
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
| | - Ritva Serimaa
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
| | - Andrei Subbotin
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
| | - Mika Torkkeli
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
| | - Gerrit ten Brinke
- Division of X-ray Physics, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland, Department of Polymer Science and Material Science Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
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