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Hayashi S, Nishide T, Nagata K, Nakanishi W. Linear Multiselenium Interactions in Dicationic Oligomers of 1,5-(Diselena)canes: Behavior of Se mc σ(m c c-n e e) (6≤m c ≤16) Elucidated with QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:656-665. [PMID: 33934565 PMCID: PMC8248919 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic dynamic and static nature mc center-ne electron interactions of the σ-type σ(mc c-ne e) were elucidated for the Se-Se interactions in dicationic oligomers of Se(CH2 CH2 CH2 )2 Se (1 (Se, Se)) [n2+ (Se, Se): n=1-8], especially for mc ≥6, where n2+ (Se, Se: n=1-8) are abbreviated by n2+ (n=1-8), respectively. QTAIM dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA) was applied to the interactions. Perturbed structures generated using coordinates derived from the compliance constants (Cii ) were employed for QTAIM-DFA. Each Se-*-Se in 12+ and 22+ has the nature of CT-TBP (trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through CT) and Cov-w (weak covalent), respectively, which supply the starting points of the investigations. The asterisk emphasizes the existence of a bond critical point on the interaction. All Se-*-Se in 32+ are classified by the regular closed shell (r-CS) interactions and characterized as CT-MC (molecular complex formation through CT), which are denoted as r-CS/CT-MC, except for the central interaction, of which nature is r-CS/CT-TBP. Most interactions in 42+ -82+ are r-CS/t-HBwc (typical-HB with covalency) but some are pure-CS/t-HBnc (t-HB with no covalency). The linear Se2n 2+ interactions in 22+ -82+ seem close to those without any limitations, since the nature of Se-*-Se inside and outside of (CH2 CH2 CH2 )2 are very similar with each other. The linear Se2n 2+ interactions in 32+ -82+ are shown to be analyzed as σ(mc c-ne e: 6≤mc ≤16), not by the accumulated σ(3c-4e).
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Grants
- 17K05785 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hayashi
- Faculty of Systems EngineeringWakayama University930 SakaedaniWakayama640-8510Japan
| | - Taro Nishide
- Faculty of Systems EngineeringWakayama University930 SakaedaniWakayama640-8510Japan
| | - Kengo Nagata
- Faculty of Systems EngineeringWakayama University930 SakaedaniWakayama640-8510Japan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Faculty of Systems EngineeringWakayama University930 SakaedaniWakayama640-8510Japan
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Yang W, Zhang L, Xiao D, Feng R, Wang W, Pan S, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Frenking G, Wang X. A diradical based on odd-electron σ-bonds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3441. [PMID: 32651366 PMCID: PMC7351710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of odd-electron σ–bond was first proposed by Linus Pauling. Species containing such a bond have been recognized as important intermediates encountered in many fields. A number of radicals with a one-electron or three-electron σ-bond have been isolated, however, no example of a diradical based odd-electron σ-bonds has been reported. So far all stable diradicals are based on two s/p-localized or π-delocalized unpaired electrons (radicals). Here, we report a dication diradical that is based on two Se∴Se three-electron σ–bonds. In contrast, the dication of sulfur analogue does not display diradical character but exhibits a closed-shell singlet. Stable diradicals are generally based on two s/p-localized or π-delocalized unpaired electrons (radicals). Here, the authors report a dication diradical that is based on two Se∴Se three-electron σ-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Dengmengfei Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China. .,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, D-35032, Germany.
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Gleiter R, Haberhauer G. Electron-rich two-, three- and four-center bonds between chalcogens – New prospects for old molecules. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hayashi S, Nagata K, Otsuki S, Nakanishi W. Linear Four-Chalcogen Interactions in Radical Cationic and Dicationic Dimers of 1,5-(Dichalcogena)canes: Nature of the Interactions Elucidated by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis with QC Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2482-2496. [PMID: 28257204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic and static nature of extended hypervalent interactions of the BE···AE···AE···BE type are elucidated for four center-seven electron interactions (4c-7e) in the radical cationic dimers (1·+) and 4c-6e in the dicationic dimers (12+) of 1,5-(dichalcogena)canes (2: AE(CH2CH2CH2)2BE: AE, BE = S, Se, Te, and O). The quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA) is applied for the analysis. Total electron energy densities Hb(rc) are plotted versus Hb(rc) - Vb(rc)/2 [= (ℏ2/8m)∇2ρb(rc)] at bond critical points (BCPs) of the interactions, where Vb(rc) values show potential energy densities at BCPs. Data from the fully optimized structures correspond to the static nature of the interactions. Those from the perturbed structures around the fully optimized ones are also plotted, in addition to those of the fully optimized ones, which represent the dynamic nature of interactions. The BE···AE-AE···BE interactions in 12+ are stronger than the corresponding ones in 1·+, respectively. On the one hand, for 12+ with AE, BE = S, Se, and Te, AE···AE are all classified by the shared shell interactions and predicted to have the weak covalent nature, except for those in 1a2+ (AE = BE = S) and 1d2+ (AE = BE = Se), which have the nature of regular closed shell (r-CS)/trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through charge transfer (CT-TBP). On the other hand, AE···BE are predicted to have the nature of r-CS/molecular complex formation through charge transfer for 1a2+, 1b2+ (AE = Se; BE = S), and 1d2+ or r-CS/CT-TBP for 1c2+ (AE = Te; BE = S), 1e2+ (AE = Te; BE = Se), and 1f2+ (AE = BE = Te). The BE···AE-AE···BE interactions in 1·+ and 12+ are well-analyzed by applying QTAIM-DFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hayashi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagata
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Shota Otsuki
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Department of Material Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University , 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
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Hayashi S, Matsuiwa K, Nishizawa N, Nakanishi W. Transannular E···E′ Interactions in Neutral, Radical Cationic, and Dicationic Forms of cyclo-[E(CH2CH2CH2)2E′] (E, E′ = S, Se, Te, and O) with Structural Feature: Dynamic and Static Behavior of E···E′ Elucidated by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11963-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hayashi
- Department
of Material Science
and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsuiwa
- Department
of Material Science
and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Nozomu Nishizawa
- Department
of Material Science
and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Department
of Material Science
and Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
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Knight FR, Randall RAM, Roemmele TL, Boeré RT, Bode BE, Crawford L, Bühl M, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD. Electrochemically informed synthesis: oxidation versus coordination of 5,6-bis(phenylchalcogeno)acenaphthenes. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3199-203. [PMID: 23943606 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogen dications: Facile synthesis of E--E bonded dications can be readily achieved. Radical cations are identified as the intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus R Knight
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST (UK), Fax: (+44) 1334 463808
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George K, Jura M, Levason W, Light ME, Ollivere LP, Reid G. Unexpected reactivity and coordination in gallium(III) and indium(III) chloride complexes with geometrically constrained thio- and selenoether ligands. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:2231-40. [PMID: 22283681 DOI: 10.1021/ic202670v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of GaCl(3) with 1 mol equiv of [14]aneS(4) in anhydrous CH(2)Cl(2) gives the exocyclic chain polymer [GaCl(3)([14]aneS(4))] (1) whose structure confirms trigonal bipyramidal coordination at Ga with a planar GaCl(3) unit. In contrast, using [16]aneS(4) and GaCl(3) or [16]aneSe(4) and MCl(3) (M = Ga or In) in either a 1:1 or a 1:2 molar ratio produces the anion-cation complexes [GaCl(2)([16]aneS(4))][GaCl(4)] (2) and [MCl(2)([16]aneSe(4))][MCl(4)] (M = Ga, 3 and M = In, 4) containing trans-octahedral cations with endocyclic macrocycle coordination. The ligand-bridged dimer [(GaCl(3))(2){o-C(6)H(4)(SMe)(2)}] (5) is formed from a 2:1 mol ratio of the constituents and contains distorted tetrahedral Ga(III). This complex is unusually reactive toward CH(2)Cl(2), which is activated toward nucleophilic attack by polarization with GaCl(3), producing the bis-sulfonium species [o-C(6)H(4)(SMeCH(2)Cl)(2)][GaCl(4)](2) (6), confirmed from a crystal structure. In contrast, the xylyl-based dithioether gives the stable [(GaCl(3))(2){o-C(6)H(4)(CH(2)SEt)(2)}] (8). However, replacing GaCl(3) with InCl(3) with o-C(6)H(4)(CH(2)SEt)(2) preferentially forms the 4:3 In:L complex [(InCl(3))(4){o-C(6)H(4)(CH(2)SEt)(2)}(3)] (9) containing discrete tetranuclear moieties in which the central In atom is octahedrally coordinated to six bridging Cl's, while the three In atoms on the edges have two bridging Cl's, two terminal Cl's, and two mutually trans S-donor atoms from different dithioether ligands. GaCl(3) also reacts with the cyclic bidentate [8]aneSe(2) to form a colorless, extremely air-sensitive adduct formulated as [(GaCl(3))(2)([8]aneSe(2))] (10), while InCl(3) gives [InCl(3)([8]aneSe(2))] (14). Very surprisingly, 10 reacts rapidly with O(2) gas to give initially the red [{[8]aneSe(2)}(2)][GaCl(4)](2) (11) and subsequently the yellow [{[8]aneSe(2)}Cl][GaCl(4)] (12). The crystal structure of the former confirms a dimeric [{[8]aneSe(2)}(2)](2+) dication, derived from coupling of two mono-oxidized {[8]aneE(2)}(+•) cation radicals to form an Se-Se bond linking the rings and weaker transannular 1,5-Se···Se interactions across both rings. The latter (yellow) product corresponds to discrete doubly oxidized {[8]aneSe(2)}(2+) cations (with a primary Se-Se bond across the 1,5-positions of the ring) with a Cl(-) bonded to one Se. Tetrahedral [GaCl(4)](-) anions provide charge balance in each case. These oxidation reactions are clearly promoted by the Ga(III) since [8]aneSe(2) itself does not oxidize in air. The new complexes have been characterized in the solid state by IR and Raman spectroscopy, microanalysis, and X-ray crystallography where possible. Where solubility permits, the solution characteristics have been probed by (1)H, (77)Se{(1)H}, and (71)Ga NMR spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn George
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom SO17 1BJ
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Batchelor RJ, Einstein FW, Gay ID, Gu JH, Mehta S, Pinto BM, Zhou XM. Synthesis, characterization, and redox behavior of new selenium coronands and of copper(I) and copper(II) complexes of selenium coronands. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2558-71. [PMID: 11197010 DOI: 10.1021/ic991345p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Batchelor
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Furukawa N. Studies on Dichalcogena Dications of 2-Center-2-electron and 3-Center-4-electron Bonds: Isolation and Intermediary Formation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.70.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Chemical properties and structures of binary and ternary Se-N and Te-N species0. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1087-3295(97)80011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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Yasui M, Murata S, Iwasaki F, Furukawa N. Structures of Bis(phenylthio/seleno)dibenzothio/selenophenes with Short Intramolecular S···S and Se···Se Contacts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1995. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.68.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Awere EG, Passmore J, White PS. Preparation and characterisation of thermally stable (SeNSeNSe)n(AsF6)2containing the ‘electron-rich aromatic’ 6π(SeNSeNSe)2+(n= 1) and 7π SeNSeNSe˙+(n= 2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9930000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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