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Lommelen R, Onghena B, Binnemans K. Cation Effect of Chloride Salting Agents on Transition Metal Ion Hydration and Solvent Extraction by the Basic Extractant Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13442-13452. [PMID: 32857504 PMCID: PMC7529323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The
addition of a nonextractable salt has an important influence
on the solvent extraction of metal ions, but the underlying principles
are not completely understood yet. However, relating solute hydration
mechanisms to solvent extraction equilibria is key to understanding
the mechanism of solvent extraction of metal ions as a whole. We have
studied the speciation of Co(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) in aqueous solutions
containing different chloride salts to understand their extraction
to the basic extractant methyltrioctylammonium chloride (TOMAC). This
includes the first speciation profile of Zn(II) in chloride media
with the three Zn(II) species [Zn(H2O)6]2+, [ZnCl3H2O]−, and
[ZnCl4]2–. The observed differences in
extraction efficiency for a given transition metal ion can be explained
by transition metal ion hydration due to ion–solvent interactions,
rather than by ion–solute interactions or by differences in
speciation. Chloride salting agents bearing a cation with a larger
hydration Gibbs free energy reduce the free water content more, resulting
in a lower hydration for the transition metal ion. This destabilizes
the transition metal chloro complex in the aqueous phase and increases
the extraction efficiency. Salting agents with di- and trivalent cations
reduce the transition metal chloro complex hydration less than expected,
resulting in a lower extraction efficiency. The cations of these salting
agents have a very large hydration Gibbs free energy, but the overall
hydration of these salts is reduced due to significant salt ion pair
formation. The general order of salting-out strength for the extraction
of metal ions from chloride salt solutions is Cs+ <
Rb+ < NH4+ ≈ K+ < Al3+ ≈ Mg2+ ≈ Ca2+ ≈ Na+ < Li+. These findings can
help in predicting the optimal conditions for metal separation by
solvent extraction and also contribute to a broader understanding
of the effects of dissolved salts on solutes. Addition of a nonextractable salt influences the stability
and solvent extraction efficiency of metal complexes. Cations of different
chloride salts reduce the solution free water content as a function
of their increasing hydration energy and decreasing tendency for ion
pair formation with chloride anions. These ion−solvent interactions
reduce the hydration of metal complexes, increasing their distribution
ratios. These effects influence aqueous transition metal complexes
more than direct ion−solute interactions and changes in complex
speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayco Lommelen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bieke Onghena
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Yamaguchi T, Nishino M, Yoshida K, Takumi M, Nagata K, Hattori T. Ion Hydration and Association in an Aqueous Calcium Chloride Solution in the GPa Range. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Fukuoka University Jonan Fukuoka 814‐0180 Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Fukuoka University Jonan Fukuoka 814‐0180 Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Fukuoka University Jonan Fukuoka 814‐0180 Japan
| | - Masaharu Takumi
- Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science Fukuoka University Jonan Fukuoka 814‐0180 Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Nagata
- Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science Fukuoka University Jonan Fukuoka 814‐0180 Japan
| | - Takanori Hattori
- J‐PARC Center Faculty of Science Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai Ibaragi 319‐1195 Japan
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3
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Li J, Bassett WA, Chou IM, Ding X, Li S, Wang X. An improved hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:053108. [PMID: 27250393 DOI: 10.1063/1.4947506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new type of HDAC-V hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC-VT) has been designed to meet the demands of X-ray research including X-Ray Fluorescence, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, and small angle X-ray scattering. The earlier version of HDAC-V that offered a large rectangular solid angle used two posts and two driver screws on both sides of a rectangular body. The new version HDAC-VT in a triangular shape has two alternative guide systems, either three posts inserted into bushings suitable for small anvil faces or linear ball bearings suitable for large anvil faces. The HDAC-VT having three driver screws offers the advantage of greater control and stability even though it sacrifices some of the size of solid angle. The greater control allows better sealing of samples, while greater stability results in longer survival for anvils and ceramic parts. This improved design retains several beneficial features of the original HDAC-V as well. These include the small collar that surrounds the heater and sample chamber forming an Ar + H2 gas chamber to protect diamonds and their heating parts from being oxidized. Three linear ball bearings, when used, fit to the three posts prevent seizing that can result from deterioration of lubricant at high temperatures. Positioning the posts and bearings outside of the gas chamber as in HDAC-V also prevents seizing and possible deformation due to overheating. In order to control the heating rate precisely with computer software, we use Linkam T95 and have replaced the Linkam 1400XY heating stage with the HDAC-VT allowing the HDAC to be heated to 950 °C at a rate from 0.01 °C/min to 50 °C/min. We have used the HDAC-VT and Linkam T95 to observe in situ nucleation and growth of zabuyelite in aqueous fluid and to homogenize melt inclusions in quartz from three porphyry deposits in Shanxi, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Li
- MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - W A Bassett
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - I-Ming Chou
- Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Xin Ding
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shenghu Li
- Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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Wilcox RJ, Losey BP, Folmer JCW, Martin JD, Zeller M, Sommer R. Crystalline and Liquid Structure of Zinc Chloride Trihydrate: A Unique Ionic Liquid. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1109-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5024532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilcox
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Bradley P. Losey
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jacob C. W. Folmer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - James D. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department
of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio, 44555, United States
| | - Roger Sommer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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Yamaguchi T, Ohzono H, Yamagami M, Yamanaka K, Yoshida K, Wakita H. Ion hydration in aqueous solutions of lithium chloride, nickel chloride, and caesium chloride in ambient to supercritical water. J Mol Liq 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brugger J, Pring A, Reith F, Ryan C, Etschmann B, Liu W, O’Neill B, Ngothai Y. Probing ore deposits formation: New insights and challenges from synchrotron and neutron studies. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Bassett W, Anderson A, Mayanovic R, Chou IM. Modified hydrothermal diamond anvil cells for XAFS analyses of elements with low energy absorption edges in aqueous solutions at sub- and supercritical conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2000.215.12.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two modifications of the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) have been made, the first for transmission XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) analyses and the second for fluorescence XAFS analyses of elements with low absorption edge energies. In the first modification, laser-drilled holes in the diamond anvils reduce the X-ray path-length in diamond to 300 µm in order to minimize the attenuation of X-rays due to absorption and scatter. In the second modification, laser-machined cup and grooves in one of the diamond anvil faces reduces the X-ray path-length in diamond to 160 µm and permits a 90° take-off angle. Both modifications can be used to obtain XAFS spectra on aqueous solutions of first-row transition elements as well as rare earth elements at elevated temperatures and pressures. The second modification is capable of measurements on solutions of concentrations in parts per million (ppm) range. These techniques are being used for carrying out experimental measurements valuable in the interpretation of fluid inclusions in minerals found in ore-forming hydrothermal systems as well as other important lithospheric processes involving water.
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Da Silva C, Proux O, Hazemann JL, James-Smith J, Testemale D, Yamaguchi T. X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of solvation and ion-pairing in aqueous gallium bromide solutions at supercritical conditions. J Mol Liq 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Brazhkin VV, Lyapin AG, Popova SV, Katayama Y, Saitoh H, Utsumi W. Molecular-network-ionic structure transitions in liquid AlCl(3) and ZnCl(2) halogenides under pressure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2007; 19:246104. [PMID: 21694040 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/24/246104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present the in situ high-pressure-high-temperature x-ray diffraction study of the liquid AlCl(3) and ZnCl(2) halogenides having a quasi-molecular network structure in liquid state at normal pressure. These liquids are intermediate between pure covalent and ionic melts. Structural study of these liquid halogenides is indicative of a rapid and strong breakdown of an intermediate-range order in a tetrahedral network of melts for the initial pressure range, 0-2.5 GPa for AlCl(3) and 0-1.8 GPa for ZnCl(2), and points to rather sharp transitions in liquids with the formation of a short-range order structure similar to ionic melt structures around 4 GPa for AlCl(3) and 3 GPa for ZnCl(2). Thus, pseudo-covalent liquid halogenides like AlCl(3) and ZnCl(2) provide testimony to two phenomena under high pressures, namely, a gradual decay of structural correlations in the tetrahedral network of the melt and a sharp transition from molecular-network to ionic structure in liquid on further compression. Such a two-stage structural transformation under pressure is the general feature for a wide class of simple melts, including most of the pseudo-covalent halogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Brazhkin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow region, 142190, Russia
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Mayanovic RA, Anderson AJ, Bassett WA, Chou IM. Synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy of EuHNO3 aqueous solutions at high temperatures and pressures and Nb-bearing silicate melt phases coexisting with hydrothermal fluids using a modified hydrothermal diamond anvil cell and rail assembly. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:053904. [PMID: 17552838 DOI: 10.1063/1.2737748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A modified hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) rail assembly has been constructed for making synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence, and x-ray mapping measurements on fluids or solid phases in contact with hydrothermal fluids up to approximately 900 degrees C and 700 MPa. The diamond anvils of the HDAC are modified by laser milling grooves or holes, for the reduction of attenuation of incident and fluorescent x rays and sample cavities. The modified HDAC rail assembly has flexibility in design for measurement of light elements at low concentrations or heavy elements at trace levels in the sample and the capability to probe minute individual phases of a multiphase fluid-based system using focused x-ray microbeam. The supporting rail allows for uniform translation of the HDAC, rotation and tilt stages, and a focusing mirror, which is used to illuminate the sample for visual observation using a microscope, relative to the direction of the incident x-ray beam. A structure study of Eu(III) aqua ion behavior in high-temperature aqueous solutions and a study of Nb partitioning and coordination in a silicate melt in contact with a hydrothermal fluid are described as applications utilizing the modified HDAC rail assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mayanovic
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA.
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Testemale D, Hazemann JL, Pokrovski GS, Joly Y, Roux J, Argoud R, Geaymond O. Structural and electronic evolution of the As(OH)3 molecule in high temperature aqueous solutions: An x-ray absorption investigation. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8973-82. [PMID: 15527363 DOI: 10.1063/1.1785150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometrical and electronic structure of the arsenious acid molecule As(OH)(3) in aqueous solutions has been investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) within extended x-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) and x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), using realistic first-principle calculations in the latter case. This investigation was performed on aqueous solutions of arsenious acid from ambient to supercritical conditions (P = 250 and 600 bars, T <or= 500 degrees C) using a new optical cell. The analysis of the XAS spectra is consistent with (1) a constant As-O distance, (2) an opening of the O-As-O angles within the C(3V) pyramidal structure in the range 30-200 degrees C. This structural evolution comes along with a small decrease of the partial charges of the atoms in the As(OH)(3) molecule. The explanation invoked for both structural and electronic modifications observed is the weakening of the interactions, through hydrogen bonds, between the As(OH)(3) complex and water molecules. This is a fingerprint of the similar weakening of hydrogen bonding interactions in the solvent itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Testemale
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie CNRS-Grenoble, UPR5031, 25 avenue des Martyrs, BP 166 38042 Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
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Mayanovic RA, Jayanetti S, Anderson AJ, Bassett WA, Chou IM. Relaxation of the structure of simple metal ion complexes in aqueous solutions at up to supercritical conditions. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1524616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Grunwaldt JD, Wandeler R, Baiker A. Supercritical Fluids in Catalysis: Opportunities of In Situ Spectroscopic Studies and Monitoring Phase Behavior. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/cr-120015738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Simonet V, Calzavara Y, Hazemann JL, Argoud R, Geaymond O, Raoux D. X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of ionic association in aqueous solutions of zinc bromide from normal to critical conditions. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1490588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Mayanovic RA, Jayanetti S, Anderson AJ, Bassett WA, Chou IM. The Structure of Yb3+ Aquo Ion and Chloro Complexes in Aqueous Solutions at Up to 500 °C and 270 MPa. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020140q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Mayanovic
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65804
| | - Sumedha Jayanetti
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65804
| | - Alan J. Anderson
- Department of Geology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - William A. Bassett
- Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - I-Ming Chou
- MS 954, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192
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Simonet V, Calzavara Y, Hazemann JL, Argoud R, Geaymond O, Raoux D. Structure of aqueous ZnBr2 solution probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy in normal and hydrothermal conditions. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1433499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Mayanovic RA, Anderson AJ, Bassett WA, Chou IM. Hydrogen bond breaking in aqueous solutions near the critical point. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fulton JL, Hoffmann MM, Darab JG, Palmer BJ, Stern EA. Copper(I) and Copper(II) Coordination Structure under Hydrothermal Conditions at 325 °C: An X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Fulton
- Environmental and Health Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Markus M. Hoffmann
- Environmental and Health Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - John G. Darab
- Environmental and Health Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Bruce J. Palmer
- Environmental and Health Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Edward A. Stern
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Fulton JL, Hoffmann MM, Darab JG. An X-ray absorption fine structure study of copper(I) chloride coordination structure in water up to 325°C. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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