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Celestre R, Antipov S, Gomez E, Zinn T, Barrett R, Roth T. Polished diamond X-ray lenses. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:629-643. [PMID: 35510996 PMCID: PMC9070707 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-quality bi-concave 2D focusing diamond X-ray lenses of apex-radius R = 100 µm produced via laser-ablation and improved via mechanical polishing are presented here. Both for polished and unpolished individual lenses and for stacks of ten lenses, the remaining figure errors determined using X-ray speckle tracking are shown and these results are compared with those of commercial R = 50 µm beryllium lenses that have similar focusing strength and physical aperture. For two stacks of ten diamond lenses (polished and unpolished) and a stack of eleven beryllium lenses, this paper presents measured 2D beam profiles out of focus and wire scans to obtain the beam size in the focal plane. These results are complemented with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of a polished and an unpolished diamond lens. Again, this is compared with the SAXS of a beryllium lens. The polished X-ray lenses show similar figure errors to commercially available beryllium lenses. While the beam size in the focal plane is comparable to that of the beryllium lenses, the SAXS signal of the polished diamond lenses is considerably lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Celestre
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sergey Antipov
- Euclid Techlabs, 365 Remington Blvd, Bolingbrook, IL 60440, USA
| | - Edgar Gomez
- Euclid Techlabs, 365 Remington Blvd, Bolingbrook, IL 60440, USA
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raymond Barrett
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Roth
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Nanofocusing of X-ray free-electron laser using wavefront-corrected multilayer focusing mirrors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17440. [PMID: 30487583 PMCID: PMC6262013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A method of fabricating multilayer focusing mirrors that can focus X-rays down to 10 nm or less was established in this study. The wavefront aberration induced by multilayer Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror optics was measured using a single grating interferometer at a photon energy of 9.1 keV at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free Electron Laser (SACLA), and the mirror shape was then directly corrected by employing a differential deposition method. The accuracies of these processes were carefully investigated, considering the accuracy required for diffraction-limited focusing. The wavefront produced by the corrected multilayer focusing mirrors was characterized again in the same manner, revealing that the root mean square of the wavefront aberration was improved from 2.7 (3.3) rad to 0.52 (0.82) rad in the vertical (horizontal) direction. A wave-optical simulator indicated that these wavefront-corrected multilayer focusing mirrors are capable of achieving sub-10-nm X-ray focusing.
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Mirzaeimoghri M, Morales Martinez A, Panna A, Bennett EE, Lucotte BM, DeVoe DL, Wen H. Nano-printed miniature compound refractive lens for desktop hard x-ray microscopy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203319. [PMID: 30161240 PMCID: PMC6117077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hard x-ray lenses are useful elements in x-ray microscopy and in creating focused illumination for analytical applications such as x-ray fluorescence imaging. Recently, polymer compound refractive lenses for focused illumination in the soft x-ray regime (< 10 keV) have been created with nano-printing. However, there are no such lenses yet for hard x-rays, particularly of short focal lengths for benchtop microscopy. We report the first instance of a nano-printed lens for hard x-ray microscopy, and evaluate its imaging performance. The lens consists of a spherically focusing compound refractive lens designed for 22 keV photon energy, with a tightly packed structure to provide a short total length of 1.8 mm and a focal length of 21.5 mm. The resulting lens technology was found to enable benchtop microscopy at 74x magnification and 1.1 μm de-magnified image pixel size at the object plane. It was used to image and evaluate the focal spots of tungsten-anode micro-focus x-ray sources. The overall system resolution with broadband illumination from a tungsten-anode x-ray tube at 30 kV and 10 mm focal distance was measured to be 2.30±0.22 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mirzaeimoghri
- Imaging Physics Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Morales Martinez
- Imaging Physics Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alireza Panna
- Imaging Physics Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric E. Bennett
- Imaging Physics Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bertrand M. Lucotte
- Cardiac Energetic Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Don L. DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Han Wen
- Imaging Physics Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Gasilov S, Mittone A, Dos Santos Rolo T, Polyakov S, Zholudev S, Terentyev S, Blank V, Bravin A, Baumbach T. Refraction and ultra-small-angle scattering of X-rays in a single-crystal diamond compound refractive lens. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:1137-1145. [PMID: 29091056 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517012772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work a double-crystal setup is employed to study compound refractive lenses made of single-crystal diamond. The point spread function of the lens is calculated taking into account the lens transmission, the wavefront aberrations, and the ultra-small-angle broadening of the X-ray beam. It is shown that, similarly to the wavefront aberrations, the ultra-small-angle scattering effects can significantly reduce the intensity gain and increase the focal spot size. The suggested approach can be particularly useful for the characterization of refractive X-ray lenses composed of many tens of unit lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gasilov
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein, Germany
| | - A Mittone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - T Dos Santos Rolo
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein, Germany
| | - S Polyakov
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - S Zholudev
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - S Terentyev
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - V Blank
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Russian Federation
| | - A Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - T Baumbach
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein, Germany
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Terentyev S, Polikarpov M, Snigireva I, Di Michiel M, Zholudev S, Yunkin V, Kuznetsov S, Blank V, Snigirev A. Linear parabolic single-crystal diamond refractive lenses for synchrotron X-ray sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:103-109. [PMID: 28009551 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516017331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear parabolic diamond refractive lenses are presented, designed to withstand high thermal and radiation loads coming from upgraded accelerator X-ray sources. Lenses were manufactured by picosecond laser treatment of a high-quality single-crystal synthetic diamond. Twelve lenses with radius of curvature at parabola apex R = 200 µm, geometrical aperture A = 900 µm and length L = 1.5 mm were stacked as a compound refractive lens and tested at the ESRF ID06 beamline. A focal spot of size 2.2 µm and a gain of 20 were measured at 8 keV. The lens profile and surface quality were estimated by grating interferometry and X-ray radiography. In addition, the influence of X-ray glitches on the focusing properties of the compound refractive lens were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Terentyev
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Polikarpov
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Nevskogo, Kaliningrad 236041, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Snigireva
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Di Michiel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Sergey Zholudev
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav Yunkin
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Kuznetsov
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Blank
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly Snigirev
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Nevskogo, Kaliningrad 236041, Russian Federation
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Kolodziej T, Vodnala P, Terentyev S, Blank V, Shvyd'ko Y. Diamond drumhead crystals for X-ray optics applications. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716009171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin (<50 µm) and flawless diamond single crystals are essential for the realization of numerous advanced X-ray optical devices at synchrotron radiation and free-electron laser facilities. The fabrication and handling of such ultra-thin components without introducing crystal damage and strain is a challenge. Drumhead crystals, monolithic crystal structures composed of a thin membrane furnished with a surrounding solid collar, are a solution ensuring mechanically stable strain-free mounting of the membranes with efficient thermal transport. Diamond, being one of the hardest and most chemically inert materials, poses significant difficulties in fabrication. Reported here is the successful manufacture of diamond drumhead crystals in the [100] orientation using picosecond laser milling. Subsequent high-temperature treatment appears to be crucial for the membranes to become defect free and unstrained, as revealed by X-ray topography on examples of drumhead crystals with a 26 µm thick (1 mm in diameter) and a 47 µm thick (1.5 × 2.5 mm) membrane.
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Antipov S, Baryshev SV, Butler JE, Antipova O, Liu Z, Stoupin S. Single-crystal diamond refractive lens for focusing X-rays in two dimensions. Erratum. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:850. [PMID: 27140168 PMCID: PMC4932872 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516006159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A correction is made to a citation in the article by Antipov et al. (2016) [J. Synchrotron Rad. 23, 163-168].
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Antipov
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139, USA
| | | | - J. E. Butler
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139, USA
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - O. Antipova
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Z. Liu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - S. Stoupin
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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