1
|
Kohn VG, Smirnova IA. On the Theory of X-ray Diffraction Interferometry in Single Crystals. Peculiarities of Effect and Possibilities of Application. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522070446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
2
|
Kohn VG, Smirnova IA. X-Ray Diffraction Interferometer with One Slit: Computer Simulations and Analytics. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521060195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Zverev D, Snigireva I, Sorokovikov M, Yunkin V, Kuznetsov S, Snigirev A. Coherent X-ray beam expander based on a multilens interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35038-35053. [PMID: 34808948 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A coherent X-ray beam expander based on a multilens interferometer is proposed in this paper. The multilens interferometer allows efficient generation of a highly diverging coherent beam up to several milliradians in the hard X-ray energy range. The optical properties of the interferometer were experimentally demonstrated at the ESRF ID13 undulator beamline (Grenoble, France), using 12.4 keV X-rays. The beam expander allowed us to control the angular size and photon flux density of the formed beam and enabled operation in both coherent and incoherent modes. The experimental results were fully consistent with the theoretical concepts and appropriate computer simulations. Future design improvements and related applications are also discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mamyrbayev T, Ikematsu K, Takano H, Wu Y, Kimura K, Doll P, Last A, Momose A, Meyer P. Staircase array of inclined refractive multi-lenses for large field of view pixel super-resolution scanning transmission hard X-ray microscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:732-740. [PMID: 33949982 PMCID: PMC8127365 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the development of X-ray focusing optics during the past decades, synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy techniques allow the study of specimens with unprecedented spatial resolution, down to 10 nm, using soft and medium X-ray photon energies, though at the expense of the field of view (FOV). One of the approaches to increase the FOV to square millimetres is raster-scanning of the specimen using a single nanoprobe; however, this results in a long data acquisition time. This work employs an array of inclined biconcave parabolic refractive multi-lenses (RMLs), fabricated by deep X-ray lithography and electroplating to generate a large number of long X-ray foci. Since the FOV is limited by the pattern height if a single RML is used by impinging X-rays parallel to the substrate, many RMLs at regular intervals in the orthogonal direction were fabricated by tilted exposure. By inclining the substrate correspondingly to the tilted exposure, 378000 X-ray line foci were generated with a length in the centimetre range and constant intervals in the sub-micrometre range. The capability of this new X-ray focusing device was first confirmed using ray-tracing simulations and then using synchrotron radiation at BL20B2 of SPring-8, Japan. Taking account of the fact that the refractive lens is effective for focusing high-energy X-rays, the experiment was performed with 35 keV X-rays. Next, by scanning a specimen through the line foci, this device was used to perform large FOV pixel super-resolution scanning transmission hard X-ray microscopy (PSR-STHXM) with a 780 ± 40 nm spatial resolution within an FOV of 1.64 cm × 1.64 cm (limited by the detector area) and a total scanning time of 4 min. Biomedical implant abutments fabricated via selective laser melting using Ti-6Al-4V medical alloy were measured by PSR-STHXM, suggesting its unique potential for studying extended and thick specimens. Although the super-resolution function was realized in one dimension in this study, it can be expanded to two dimensions by aligning a pair of presented devices orthogonally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talgat Mamyrbayev
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Katsumasa Ikematsu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takano
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Patrick Doll
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Last
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Atsushi Momose
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pascal Meyer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kohn VG, Folomeshkin MS. Feasibility of X-ray beam nanofocusing with compound refractive lenses. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:419-428. [PMID: 33650553 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520016495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A more general analytical theory of X-ray beam propagation through compound refractive lenses (CRLs) than the earlier study by Kohn [(2003). JETP, 97, 204-215] is presented. The problem of nanofocusing with CRLs is examined in detail. For a CRL with a relatively large aperture the focusing efficiency is limited by the radiation absorption in the lens material. The aperture does not affect the focusing process and it is replaced by the effective aperture. The X-ray transverse beam size at the focus is then by a factor of γ = β/δ times smaller than the transverse beam size just behind the CRL. Here, δ and β are the real and imaginary parts of the CRL material refractive index n = 1 - δ + iβ. In this instance, to improve focusing efficiency, it is advantageous to decrease the CRL aperture and increase the photon energy E. However, with increasing photon energy, the material absorption decreases, which results in the CRL aperture impact on the transverse beam size. The latter leads to the fact that with a proper CRL length the beam size is independent of both the aperture and photon energy but depends only on the CRL material electron density and is approximately equal to wc = λ/(8δ)1/2, where λ denotes the radiation wavelength, as predicted by Bergemann et al. [(2003). Phys. Rev. Lett, 91, 204801].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V G Kohn
- National Research Centre `Kurchatov Institute', Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - M S Folomeshkin
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zverev D, Snigireva I, Kohn V, Kuznetsov S, Yunkin V, Snigirev A. X-ray phase-sensitive imaging using a bilens interferometer based on refractive optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:21856-21868. [PMID: 32752459 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phase-sensitive X-ray imaging technique based on the bilens interferometer is developed. The essence of the method consists of scanning a sample, which is set upstream of the bilens across the beam of one lens of the interferometer by recording changes in the interference pattern using a high-resolution image detector. The proposed approach allows acquiring the absolute value of a phase shift profile of the sample with a fairly high phase and spatial resolution. The possibilities of the imaging technique were studied theoretically and experimentally using fibres with different sizes as the test samples at the ESRF ID06 beamline with 12 keV X-rays. The corresponding phase shift profile reconstructions and computer simulations were performed. The experimental results are fully consistent with theoretical concepts and appropriate numerical calculations. Applications of the interferometric imaging technique are discussed, as well as future improvements.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lyatun S, Zverev D, Ershov P, Lyatun I, Konovalov O, Snigireva I, Snigirev A. X-ray reflecto-interferometer based on compound refractive lenses. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1572-1581. [PMID: 31490146 PMCID: PMC6730623 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519007896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An X-ray amplitude-splitting interferometer based on compound refractive lenses, which operates in the reflection mode, is proposed and realized. The idea of a reflecto-interferometer is to use a very simplified experimental setup where a focused X-ray beam reflected from parallel flat surfaces creates an interference pattern in a wide angular range. The functional capabilities of the interferometer were experimentally tested at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ID06 beamline in the X-ray energy range from 10 keV to 15 keV. The main features of the proposed approach, high spatial and temporal resolution, were demonstrated experimentally. The reflections from free-standing Si3N4 membranes, gold and resist layers were studied. Experimentally recorded interferograms are in good agreement with our simulations. The main advantages and future possible applications of the reflecto-interferometer are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Lyatun
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Nevskogo, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - D. Zverev
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Nevskogo, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - P. Ershov
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Nevskogo, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - I. Lyatun
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Nevskogo, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - O. Konovalov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - I. Snigireva
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Snigirev
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Nevskogo, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Samadi N, Shi X, Dallin L, Chapman D. A real-time phase-space beam emittance monitoring system. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1213-1219. [PMID: 31274446 PMCID: PMC6613114 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519005423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An electron beam position and angle monitoring system, ps-BPM, has been shown to be able to measure the electron source position and angle at a single location in a beamline at a synchrotron source. This system uses a monochromator to prepare a photon beam whose energy is at that of the K-edge of an absorber filter. The divergence of the beam from the source gives an energy range that will encompass the K-edge of the filter. A measurement of the centre of the monochromatic beam and the K-edge location through the absorber filter gives the position and angle of the electron source. Here, it is shown that this system is also capable of measuring the source size and divergence at the same time. This capability is validated by measurement as the beam size in the storage ring was changed and by ray-tracing simulations. The system operates by measuring the photon beam spatial distribution as well as a K-edge filtered beam distribution. These additional measurements result in the ability to also determine the electron source size and divergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Samadi
- Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N5E2
| | - Xianbo Shi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Les Dallin
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N2V3
| | - Dean Chapman
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N2V3
| |
Collapse
|