The global training deficit: the scarcity of formal and informal professional development opportunities for women entrepreneurs

Study on work-life balance of women entrepreneurs – review and research agenda

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to review and conceptually explain the work-life balance of women entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

– Through the secondary data, selected papers have analysed to prepare a conceptual framework depicting the work-life balance of women entrepreneurs.

Findings

– Entrepreneurship has emerged as a global concept and contributed for economic development of the country. It utilizes competencies of entrepreneurs for success of their enterprises. Working women executives suffers the problem of work-life balance. Developing family responsibilities as well as their potential roles, generate the issue of role conflict. In order to overcome role conflict, they need to balance between work and personal life style. To gain more flexibility and control on their work and personal obligations, women start up their own business. They contribute in job creation, innovation, and economic development of nation through their entrepreneurial activities.

Originality/value

– It provides future direction to various researchers, academicians and policy makers in this field.

Oman's labour force: an analysis of gender in management

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the state of affairs in the Sultanate of Oman for the presence (or absence) of women in senior and managerial roles in private companies. The study also investigates where women are located within the organisations (e.g. as board members, chief officers, vice presidents, top management, division or unit heads).

Design/methodology/approach

– This is a quantitative study that analysed gender in the largest 122 private and publicly listed organisations in Oman. The study is based on data available from the Zawya database that tracks information about companies in the Middle East and North Africa region.

Findings

– Women are employed in Oman in small numbers when compared with the number of men. Women remain extremely underrepresented in senior roles in Omani organisations currently. Women are found slightly (but not significantly) more in departmental management roles (particularly in human resource management, marketing/communication, public relations, and project management) and in the transport and finance industries.

Research limitations/implications

– The Zawya database did not contain complete data on each company analysed. Hence, this is a descriptive study and lacked advanced statistical techniques for comparison and relationship analysis.

Practical implications

– This study increases the academic knowledge on international issues in gender and management. The study also provides insights for government leaders, educators, and scholars who work to help prepare women for leadership in this region.

Originality/value

– This is one of the first scholarly studies conducted on the presence of women in senior positions and management within Oman. It adds value as it is the first study to compare gender in management across roles, industrial classification, size of company, and ownership.