Service modularity in e-learning programs: an analysis from the perceived usefulness perspective

Digital divide among B40 students in Malaysian higher education institutions

While technological advances have led to digital transformation in many higher education institutions (HEIs), digital divide, especially among students in developing nations, is becoming a growing concern. This study aims to investigate the use of digital technology among B40 students (students from the lower socioeconomic backgrounds) in Malaysian HEIs. Specifically, this study intends to investigate how perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, as well as gratification constructs significantly affect digital usage among B40 students in Malaysian HEIs. This study used the quantitative research method with an online questionnaire which received 511 responses. SPSS was employed for demographic analysis, while Smart PLS software was used for structural model measurements. This study was based on two theories: planned behaviour theory and uses and gratification theory. The results showed that perceived usefulness and subjective norms significantly influenced the digital usage of the B40 students. In addition, all three gratification constructs indicated a positive effect on the students' digital usage.