Standardized management systems and risk management in the supply chain

The analysis of urban collaborative governance in public health emergencies with fuzzy theory based on BP algorithm

This study seeks to improve urban supply chain management and collaborative governance in the context of public health emergencies (PHEs) by integrating fuzzy theory with the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm. By combining these two approaches, an early warning mechanism for supply chain risks during PHEs is developed. The study employs Matlab software to simulate supply chain risks, incorporating fuzzy inference techniques with the adaptive data modeling capabilities of neural networks for both training and testing. The results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively identifies factors contributing to supply chain deterioration, with a warning error as low as 0.001, significantly enhancing the accuracy and timeliness of demand forecasting. The BPNN algorithm, through its self-learning and adaptive features, facilitates dynamic optimization and precise scheduling across various stages of the supply chain. This capability is particularly valuable in addressing challenges associated with sudden demand spikes and resource allocation. As a result, the mechanism is able to accurately and promptly identify adverse trends in the supply chain, thereby enhancing the efficiency and flexibility of urban emergency responses, mitigating risks, and offering both theoretical and practical contributions to urban collaborative governance.

Global trends and research hotspots on HACCP and modern quality management systems in the food industry

HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) and modern quality management systems have a significant impact on public health in the food industry. These systems ensure that food products are safe for consumption by identifying and managing potential hazards at every stage of the production process. To stimulate ongoing studies in both developing and underexplored areas of inquiry, this research synthesizes and organizes the contributions made in this field. It examines more than 40 years of studies from Scopus data base on HACCP and modern quality management systems in the food industry using the VOSviewer software version 1.6.18 (Leiden University, The Netherlands) and bibliometrix R-package. This represents, to the authors' knowledge, the first bibliometric analysis undergone in this direction. The graphical framework demonstrates the highest developments in research and the literature review investigates barriers and opportunities of implementing HACCP in food industry organizations. Findings indicate that until the beginning of the 1990s, there was not a large number of scientific production in the field of HACCP and modern quality management systems in the food industry. The USA were the most prolific affiliation terms of scientific production until 2012, when studies from Italy, the United Kingdom, China and Greece intensified. Currently, the most prolific country in terms of publications is Italy. In terms of global cooperation, the United Kingdom, The United States and The Netherlands represent most active nations on this topic Motor themes that reflect the main interest of the researchers include food diseases, quality control, hazards or food supply. The study also provides future research directions regarding food quality and safety management. These should be focused on improving the safety, quality, and sustainability of food products, while also adapting to changing consumer demands, emerging risks, and regulatory requirements.

Interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-based green supply chain resilience evaluation methodology in post COVID-19 era

Supply chain organizations should calmly and cautiously take the most accurate and sustainable decisions quickly and put them into practice. It is obvious that traditional time series-based demand and supply planning approaches are insufficient to meet current business needs due to factors such as sharp changes in market and commercial dynamics, pandemics, and natural disasters on the management of green supply chains, especially these days. In the near future, there will be a need for more resilient supply chains with a flexible business models that are not affected by sudden changes and that can make sustainable decisions dynamically. Additionally, all stakeholders must act with a green supply chain approach to conduct production and service activities in a way that causes the least damage to nature. Companies must build more resilient supply chains by considering environmental sensitivities to compete in the market and ensure their continuity. In this context, the green supply chains should be evaluated according to their resilience. For this purpose, Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is extended with novel performance attributes to evaluate resilience of green supply chains in this study. The SCOR-embedded novel green supply chain resilience evaluation model is structured as a three-level performance attribute hierarchical structure. Then, the model is handled as a multi-criteria decision-making problem to determine importance of the performance attributes. Best Worst Method integrated Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to determine the importance of performance attributes. Most important performance attributes are determined in each level of hierarchy. According to results, organizational factors play a key role to build more resilient supply chains. Especially, integrated systems are required for supply chain resilience.

Construction and application of computerized risk assessment model for supply chain finance under technology empowerment

This study seeks to assist small and medium enterprises break free of the constraints of the conventional financing model and lessen the supply chain finance risks they face. First, the supply chain financial business model and credit risk are analyzed, followed by a discussion of the application principle of blockchain in the control of supply chain financial credit risk. The next topic up for discussion is the emancipation of individuals and the application of financial technology toward the management of financial risk in supply chains. In the final stage of the development of the computerized risk assessment model, the Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM) is optimized, and the effectiveness and efficiency of risk classification are enhanced by introducing a variable penalty factor C. To test the efficacy of the C-FSVM risk assessment model, the Chinese auto sector is used as the study's object. According to the results of the study, the C-FSVM model has a classification accuracy of 96.35% for the entire sample, 96.45% for credible firms, and 95.34% for default enterprises. The training time of the C-FSVM model is 473.9s, which is far lower than the SVM and FSVM models' training times of 1631.6s and 1870.2s. In summary, the C-FSVM supply chain financial risk assessment model is effective and has great application value in banking practice.

The impact of global risks on supply chain performance. An empirical study on construction sector in the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose

This paper aims to identify and assess global risks in the supply chain performance.

Design/methodology/approach

First, global risks are identified and classified according to three criteria: content, probability and context. A set of supply chain performance indicators are then defined by the theory of resource-based view and balanced scorecard. Structural equation modeling is adopted to access risks in the global supply chain.

Findings

This article contributes to the supply chain risk management literature by providing a detailed operationalization of global supply chain risk constructs, e.g. natural disasters, war and terrorism, fire accidents, economic and political instability, social and cultural grievances, decease. Empirical results reveal that the supply chain is predominantly regarded as being vulnerable as the proposed model of risks can explain up to 12.6% variance of supplier performance, 25.2% innovation and learning, 23% internal business, 40.6% customer service and 32.4% finance.

Research limitations/implications

These risks are relevant contextual variables in strategic supply chain decisions. Supply chain managers should keep in mind acceptable cost/benefit tradeoffs in their firms' mitigation efforts associated with major contingency risks. This research advocates the allocation of scarce resources to adopt the supply chain strategies of avoidance, speculative and postponement.

Originality/value

The application of the strategic content/process/context to explain global supply chain performance is an interesting approach. Moreover, globalization trends and the COVID-19 perspectives are considered to be the main reasons for increasing such complex factors. Data on validating research models collected during the COVID-19 pandemic reflect the topicality of this study.

Risk factors in the assessment of suppliers

The need to evaluate suppliers from the perspective of risk analysis by purchasing companies is increasing. Such evaluation of suppliers is conducted primarily by production companies with implemented quality (QMS), environmental (EMS), health and safety management systems (H&SMS), as well as Toyota Production System (TPS). This article aims to examine latent factors for suppliers’ evaluation and to describe the intensity of these factors by the implemented management system. The article provides the results of empirical research conducted with the computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) technique in 151 medium and large manufacturing companies operating in Poland. The risk was classified into three main groups to deepen the research process: management system risks, environment risks, and process risks. This allowed for the formulation of some original conclusions. The results showed that companies implementing standardized management systems take the issue of risk analysis and management more seriously than organizations that do not implement such systems. The research also highlighted the differences in the perception of risk caused by implementing various management systems. The study also found that the industry and business profile specificity also affect the risk assessment in cooperation with suppliers.

Integrated management system: methodology for maturity assessment in food industries

Purpose

A model to evaluate the maturity of the integration of three management systems in food industries, under the aspects of environment, quality and food safety is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

The model is composed of maturity levels, allowing the understanding of the integration of the systems mentioned and their stage of evolution. The work was based on a bibliographic review of the topics: ISO standards, Integrated Management Systems (IMS) and already existing methods for maturity assessment. The referred model is composed of elements related to (1) audit dynamics, (2) changes in behavior, (3) the organizational structure, (4) the participation of senior management and (5) the interface with the cycle of continuous improvement.

Findings

The model is easily applicable and composed of five maturity levels, allowing the understanding of the stage of system evolution: (1) absence of maturity, (2) introductory level, (3) intermediate level, (4) toward excellence and (5) excellence.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the model may help managers in the development of actions for the improvement of their integrated management (drivers for IMS) aiming at process control, the focus on the client and the integration of people and processes. Based on the drivers, the managers will be able to make plans characterized by orientations, techniques and tools applied in the several organizational processes. Using the proposed model, managers can enhance the desired results with efficiency and effectiveness.

Originality/value

The existing literature presents limited results on the integration of certified systems for the analysis of the maturity stages in manufacturing industries. Therefore, this study extends results from other studies on IMS, associating them to an organizational maturity analysis in food industries, resulting in a proposal of maturity model. This study also proposes the integration of ISO 14001, ISO 9001 and ISO 22000 to indicate the maturity stage of manufacturing industries in the food sector, supporting the strategic management process of organizations of any size. The model adopts several aspects of management and control to provide a holistic view on the integrated management of organizations. Finally, the proposed model considers several aspects of management and control for the food industries in the developing countries, providing a holistic view of integrated management.

Big data driven innovation for sustaining SME supply chain operation in post COVID-19 scenario: Moderating role of SME technology leadership

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an unprecedented crisis for businesses. The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have been impacted even more, due to their limited resources. Extant literature has prescribed many treatments on how SMEs could survive in post COVID-19 situation, but studies did not analyse how big data driven innovation could improve supply chain management (SCM) process in the post COVID-19 pandemic under the moderating influence of SME technology leadership support. Thus, there is a research gap in this important domain. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of big data driven innovation and technology capability of the SME on its supply chain system. The study also investigates the moderating role of SME technology leadership support on SME performance in the post COVID-19 scenario. With the help of literature and resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capability view (DCV) theory, a theoretical model has been developed conceptually. Later the model is validated using structural equation modelling (SEM) technique with 327 usable respondents from SMEs from India. The study found that both big data driven innovation and the techno-functional capability of SME impacts supply chain capability which in turn impacts the SME performance in the post COVID-19 scenario. The study also finds that there will be a moderating impact of SME technology leadership support on SME performance.

Worst Expected Best method for assessment of probabilistic network expected value at risk: application in supply chain risk management

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop and operationalize a process for prioritizing supply chain risks that is capable of capturing the value at risk (VaR), the maximum loss expected at a given confidence level for a specified timeframe associated with risks within a network setting.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed “Worst Expected Best” method is theoretically grounded in the framework of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs), which is considered an effective technique for modeling interdependency across uncertain variables. An algorithm is developed to operationalize the proposed method, which is demonstrated using a simulation model.

Findings

Point estimate-based methods used for aggregating the network expected loss for a given supply chain risk network are unable to project the realistic risk exposure associated with a supply chain. The proposed method helps in establishing the expected network-wide loss for a given confidence level. The vulnerability and resilience-based risk prioritization schemes for the model considered in this paper have a very weak correlation.

Originality/value

This paper introduces a new “Worst Expected Best” method to the literature on supply chain risk management that helps in assessing the probabilistic network expected VaR for a given supply chain risk network. Further, new risk metrics are proposed to prioritize risks relative to a specific VaR that reflects the decision-maker's risk appetite.

The Impact of Purchasing Group on the Profitability of Companies Operating in the Renewable Energy Sector—The Case of Poland

Purchasing groups are multi-entity organisations that operate in practically every sector. Their greatest role is to improve the financial situation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In the case of enterprises operating in the sectors that are just developing, especially those belonging to SMEs, it is particularly difficult to obtain favourable financial results. In Poland, such sectors include, among others, renewable energy, which is slowly developing, but has not yet reached the size set in climate policy. The purpose of the paper is to present how functioning under group purchasing organisations (GPOs) affects the profitability of companies related to the renewable energy sector. For the example of the largest industry purchasing groups, the analysis showed that high profitability results were achieved by enterprises operating in them compared to entities operating independently in the market. In total, 71 enterprises operating in the sector related to the renewable energy sector in Poland were analysed. The enterprises were divided into units operating in the purchasing groups of 46 enterprises, and those that operate independently in the market of 25 enterprises. The research period covered the years 2016–2019. The analysis showed that the scale effect allowed companies to increase profits and had a positive effect on their financial liquidity. The research proved that in the case of commercial enterprises operating in the sector related to renewable energy, functioning within the industry purchasing group allowed high profitability and financial liquidity. There is a dependency that the liquidity increases with a growth in profitability.

Contingency Management and Supply Chain Performance in Korea: A COVID-19 Pandemic Approach

Unexpected incidents are driving global supply chains to the brink of collapse. To effectively manage contingency events like the COVID-19 pandemic and improve operational performance, factors such as information technology (IT), relational competencies, cooperation with supply chain partners and integration of supply chain systems that contribute to cooperation are essential. This study found that IT and relational competencies positively influence the integration of supply chain systems, and relational competencies have a stronger implication on supply chain integration and collaboration. In addition, supply chain collaboration, strengthened by supply chain integration, positively affects contingency management. Finally, contingency management positively influences operational performance. In this study, we adopted partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method in the analysis with 102 surveys collected from business managers. Through the evaluation of determinants of contingency management and supply chain performance, this study widens the theoretical base of supply chain management and provides managers with optimal ways to build a more resilient supply chain system to cope with unexpected incidents. Consequently, with collaboration-based contingency management, companies can solve problems properly and reduce additional loss, which will enhance operational performance and enable sustainable business success.

Energy Recovery through End-of-Life Vehicles Recycling in Developing Countries

End-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling is a process that spends energy and could be an energy source as well. This part of energy recovering depends on many different factors related to the broad and local aspects of ELV recycling. The ELV recycling process is consuming energy from different energy sources (electrical, fossil), however, this consumption is lower in relation to energy consumption during the production of new vehicle parts from the very beginning. This article attempts to promote an integrated approach in the analysis of the problem of energy recovery through ELV recycling. Authors aim to analyze the ELV recycling process as an energy generator and to present possibilities for its energy recovery. The research analyses are based on the empirical investigation of ELV recycling in the Republic of Serbia, as a developing country, and on defined statistical model presenting the impact of ELV recycling on energy generation, spending, and conservation during one-year intervals. Research results showed that the higher ELV generation rates may led to a higher energy recovery, and environmental and socio-economic sustainability.

Development of Key Processes along the Supply Chain by Implementing the ISO 22000 Standard

The aim of the article is to answer the question of whether the implementation of the requirements of the ISO 22000 standard in the food supply chain can support the implementation of key processes occurring in them, and thus increase the level of food quality and minimize its waste. The research was conducted out among several European countries, and an attempt was carried out to compare how the standard is perceived by entrepreneurs operating in Poland, Slovakia (Central and Eastern Europe), and Portugal (Western Europe). Covering the Polish, Slovak, and Portuguese organizations with the research process resulted from the fact that in recent years in these countries, an increase in the diversity of food demand and fragmentation of the food market has been observed. This forced food supply chains to be strictly focused on increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of production and distribution systems, as well as taking into account customer requirements and the implementation of sustainable solutions. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the implementation of the requirements of the ISO 22000 standard along food supply chains can positively affect the implementation of key processes and thus contribute to reducing food waste at each stage of the supply chain.

Risk Allocation in Unsolicited and Solicited Road Public-Private Partnerships: Sustainability and Management Implications

Risk allocation plays a crucial role in the successful development of public-private partnership (PPP) projects. However, despite being an important topic for scholars and practitioners, the existing literature does not provide sufficient evidence on how managing risks in solicited (SP) and unsolicited (USP) road PPP projects, and subsequently, on what the sustainability implications are for such managerial processes. This study aims to extend risk allocation studies by analyzing contracts in Chilean highway PPPs over the last decade based on a systematic content analysis framework and case study data. The framework was developed through line-by-line coding of contract provisions associated with risk-related issues, and data were collected from semi-structured interviews with Chilean PPP practitioners. Results show that, although the majority of risks are either shared or transferred to the private party in most contracts, there are important variations in the way allocation procedures are implemented for SPs and USPs. Contracts analyzed revealed that risk arrangement mechanisms have usually focused on the economic dimension of sustainability without fully incorporating social and environmental considerations, increasing protests in the long-term. Conclusions indicate that risk allocation procedures and sustainability considerations are highly dependent on project-specific features and contextual factors. Overall, the analysis uncovers that the level of autonomy given to the private sector in both SPs and USPs has contributed to properly manage technical and economic risks, but has failed to successfully allocate social and environmental concerns.

The Influence of ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 on Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Textile Industry

The examination of implementing ISO standards can provide new insight as to their quality and environmental management benefits. These insights can be more impactful in manufacturing sectors and especially textiles as this sector is known for its environmental degradation and questionable supply chain practices. This exploratory study investigates the extent to which organizations that implement either ISO 9001 or 14001 standards impact sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). We also investigate the extent to which these two standards improve SSCM for the textile industry within a block of European countries consisting of Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. In this empirical study, we use several measures to help identify the extent of impacts of examined standardized management systems on improvements in different processes of SSCM. Our contributions to the field include finding that quality management systems support environmental processes, relationships with stakeholders, processes within the supply chain, and SSCM. Other findings include implementing environmental management system standards impact the rationalization of other processes. Finally, we find more significant supply chain impacts with the implementation of both standards than by either standard alone. The study concludes with suggestions for extension of this study and opportunities for further research.

Implementation of a Blood Cold Chain System Using Blockchain Technology

As the population structure changes due to lower fertility rates and rapid aging, the blood supply available for blood transfusion decreases and demand increases. In most countries, blood management information systems, led by national institutions, operate centrally. However, existing centralized blood management systems have limitations in that they lack detailed blood information and, moreover, information is not reflected in real time. To solve this problem, this paper presents an innovative blood cold chain system based on blockchain technology. The proposed system aims to increase information visibility by recording the overall information on the blood supply and providing detailed blood information such as blood consumption and disposal to the distributed ledger. In addition, this paper proposes direct blood transactions between medical institutions in cases of emergency. Currently, blockchain technologies are being actively employed in the supply chain management and medical fields in addition to financial systems. Particularly, private blockchain techniques with limited participants are relatively fast and reliable, making them suitable for B2B (Business-to-Business) transactions. Therefore, the proposed system is based on the architecture of Hyperledger Fabric, a private blockchain technology implemented by the Hyperledger Composer tool. Information in the proposed blood cold chain system cannot be forged or tampered with, and information recorded and shared in real time is kept transparent. In addition, allowing for B2B blood transaction in special circumstances will minimize the blood supply time and enable patients to be transfused quickly. Moreover, the surplus blood of medical institutions will be used to increase the usage rate relative to the supply amount.

Coordination of Store Brand Product’s Green Supply Chain Based on Negotiation

The environmental input of a store brand product’s green supply chain plays an important role in improving the product brand image and expanding the product demand. According to the difference of the initial one-off environmental investment of the store brand product, it can be divided into three modes: direct OEM, retailer’s full participation and retailer’s partial participation. The research methods employed in this study include model establishment, numerical analysis and comparison under three entrustment modes based on retailers’ negotiation strength. In addition, sensitivity analysis was used to test the influence of parameter variations on the results. The research results show that: (i) the direct OEM mode is the best choice for retailers when the retailer is in a weak position, but it is not the best choice for the manufacturer. With the increase of the retailers’ negotiation strength, the profits of both sides will decline, causing the problem of double marginal profit decreasing; (ii) the retailer’s full participation mode is the best choice for the manufacturer when the retailer is in a strong position, but not the best choice for the retailer. It is not the best choice for both sides when the retailer is in a weak position; (iii) the greenness and total profit of the supply chain are no relative with the negotiation strength of the retailer under the partial participation mode, and the greenness and total profit of the supply chain are the same as the condition under the integrated control to achieve the best coordination effect.