Critical parameters influencing the quality of metal castings: a systematic literature review

Analytical modeling of quality parameters in casting process – learning-based approach

Purpose

Foundry produces cast metal components and parts for various industries and drives manufacturing excellence all over the world. Assuring quality of these components and parts is vital for the end product quality. The complexity in foundry operations increases with the complexity in designs, patterns and geometry and the quality parameters of the casting processes need to be monitored, evaluated and controlled to achieve expected quality levels.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature addresses quality improvement in foundry industry primarily focusing on surface roughness, mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and defects in the cast parts and components which are often affected by numerous process variables. Primary data are collected from the experts working in sand and investment casting processes. The authors perform machine learning analysis of the data to model the quality parameters with appropriate process variables. Further, cluster analysis using k-means clustering method is performed to develop clusters of correlated process variables for sand and investment casting processes.

Findings

The authors identified primary process variables determining each quality parameter using machine learning approach. Quality parameters such as surface roughness, defects, mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy are represented by the identified sand-casting process variables accurately up to 83%, 83%, 100% and 83% and are represented by the identified investment-casting process variables accurately up to 100%, 67%, 67% and 100% respectively. Moreover, the prioritization of process variables in influencing the quality parameters is established which further helps the practitioners to monitor and control them within acceptable levels. Further the clusters of process variables help in analyzing their combined effect on quality parameters of casting products.

Originality/value

This study identified potential process variables and collected data from experts, researchers and practitioners on the effect of these on the quality aspects of cast products. While most of the previous studies focus on a very limited process variables for enhancing the quality characteristics of cast parts and components, this study represents each quality parameter as the function of influencing process variables which will enable the quality managers in Indian foundries to maintain capability and stability of casting processes. The models hence developed for both sand and investment casting for each quality parameter are validated with real life applications. Such studies are scarcely reported in the literature.