Foster SG, Embree PM, O'Brien WR. Flow velocity profile via time-domain correlation: error analysis and computer simulation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 1990;
37:164-175. [PMID:
18285029 DOI:
10.1109/58.55306]
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Abstract
An ultrasonic human-blood-flow velocity profile measurement method using time-domain correlation of consecutive echo pairs has been developed. The time shift between a pair of range gated echoes is estimated by searching for the shift that results in the maximum correlation. The time shift indicates the distance a group of scatterers has moved, from which flow velocity is estimated. The basis for the computer simulations and error analyses of the scheme includes a band-passed white Gaussian noise signal model for an echo from a scattering medium, the estimate of flow velocity from both a single scatterer and multiple scatterers, and a derived precision estimation. The error analysis via computer simulation includes an evaluation of errors associated with the correlation method. For a uniform flow velocity profile, beamwidth modulation represents the greatest error source. However, for a nonuniform flow velocity profile, the jitter caused by a small flow velocity gradient can exceed the other error sources. A detailed computer simulation evaluated the interdependencies of window length, beam width, vessel diameter, and viewing angle on the estimation of flow velocity.
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