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Luo J, Tian G, Zhang DG, Zhang XC, Lu ZN, Zhang ZD, Cai JW, Zhong YN, Xu JL, Gao X, Wang SD. Voltage-Mode Ferroelectric Synapse for Neuromorphic Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48452-48461. [PMID: 37802499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials with a modulable polarization extent hold promise for exploring voltage-driven neuromorphic hardware, in which direct current flow can be minimized. Utilizing a single active layer of an insulating ferroelectric polymer, we developed a voltage-mode ferroelectric synapse that can continuously and reversibly update its states. The device states are straightforwardly manifested in the form of variable output voltage, enabling large-scale direct cascading of multiple ferroelectric synapses to build a deep physical neural network. Such a neural network based on potential superposition rather than current flow is analogous to the biological counterpart driven by action potentials in the brain. A high accuracy of over 97% for the simulation of handwritten digit recognition is achieved using the voltage-mode neural network. The controlled ferroelectric polarization, revealed by piezoresponse force microscopy, turns out to be responsible for the synaptic weight updates in the ferroelectric synapses. The present work demonstrates an alternative strategy for the design and construction of emerging artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guo Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ding-Guo Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Chen Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Ni Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Da Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Cai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Long Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xu Gao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sui-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, P. R. China
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Vasic N, Steinmetz J, Görke M, Sinapius M, Hühne C, Garnweitner G. Phase Transitions of Polarised PVDF Films in a Standard Curing Process for Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223900. [PMID: 34833199 PMCID: PMC8624636 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The article reports on the influence of annealing PVDF in an autoclave process on the PVDF phase composition. DSC, FTIR and XRD measurements serve to observe the phase changes in an already stretched, polarised and β-phase rich film. Annealing was conducted between 90 and 185 ∘C to cover a broad range of curing processes in an autoclave. The β-phase is found to be stable up to near the melting range at 170 ∘C. At 175 ∘C, the non-piezoelectric α-phase dominates and the piezoelectric γ- and γ′-phases appear. The γ-phase grows at elevated temperatures and replaces the β-phase. This observation stresses the importance of developing new methods to reactivate the polarisation after annealing, in particular for the integration of PVDF as a sensor in laminated structures, such as CFRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Vasic
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.S.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (N.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Julian Steinmetz
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.S.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (N.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Marion Görke
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Michael Sinapius
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Christian Hühne
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.G.); (G.G.)
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Smith N, Sankin GN, Simmons WN, Nanke R, Fehre J, Zhong P. A comparison of light spot hydrophone and fiber optic probe hydrophone for lithotripter field characterization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:014301. [PMID: 22299970 PMCID: PMC3281968 DOI: 10.1063/1.3678638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a newly developed light spot hydrophone (LSHD) in lithotripter field characterization was compared to that of the fiber optic probe hydrophone (FOPH). Pressure waveforms produced by a stable electromagnetic shock wave source were measured by the LSHD and FOPH under identical experimental conditions. In the low energy regime, focus and field acoustic parameters matched well between the two hydrophones. At clinically relevant high energy settings for shock wave lithotripsy, the measured leading compressive pressure waveforms matched closely with each other. However, the LSHD recorded slightly larger |P_| (p < 0.05) and secondary peak compressive pressures (p < 0.01) than the FOPH, leading to about 20% increase in total acoustic pulse energy calculated in a 6 mm radius around the focus (p = 0.06). Tensile pulse durations deviated ~5% (p < 0.01) due to tensile wave shortening from cavitation activity using the LSHD. Intermittent compression spikes and laser light reflection artifacts have been correlated to bubble activity based on simultaneous high-speed imaging analysis. Altogether, both hydrophones are adequate for lithotripter field characterization as specified by the international standard IEC 61846.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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