A Chaotic Time-Delay System with Saturation Nonlinearity

Complex dynamics are observed in time-delay systems because the presence of time delay could induce unexpected oscillations. Therefore, time-delay systems are effective for constructing chaotic signal generators which have used in various engineering applications. In this paper, a new system with a single scalar time delay and a saturation nonlinearity is introduced. Dynamics of such time-delay system are investigated by using phase planes, bifurcation diagrams and the maximum Lyapunov exponent with the variance of system parameters. It is interesting that the time-delay system can generate double-scroll chaotic attractors despite its elegant model. Circuitry of the system is also presented to show the feasibility of the theoretical model.

Stability and bifurcation analysis of a generalized scalar delay differential equation

This paper deals with the stability and bifurcation analysis of a general form of equation D(α)x(t)=g(x(t),x(t-τ)) involving the derivative of order α ∈ (0, 1] and a constant delay τ ≥ 0. The stability of equilibrium points is presented in terms of the stability regions and critical surfaces. We provide a necessary condition to exist chaos in the system also. A wide range of delay differential equations involving a constant delay can be analyzed using the results proposed in this paper. The illustrative examples are provided to explain the theory.

The curvature index and synchronization of dynamical systems

We develop a quantity, named the curvature index, for dynamical systems. This index is defined as the limit of the average curvature of the trajectory during evolution, which measures the bending of the curve on an attractor. The curvature index has the ability to differentiate the topological change of an attractor, as its alterations exhibit the structural changes of a dynamical system. Thus, the curvature index may indicate thresholds of some synchronization regimes. The Rössler system and a time-delay system are simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the index, respectively.

Effect of delayed feedback on the dynamics of a scalar map via a frequency-domain approach

The effect of delayed feedback on the dynamics of a scalar map is studied by using a frequency-domain approach. Explicit conditions for the occurrence of period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations in the controlled map are found analytically. The appearance of a 1:2 resonance for certain values of the delay is also formalized, revealing that this phenomenon is independent of the system parameters. A detailed study of the well-known logistic map under delayed feedback is included for illustration.

Transition from phase to generalized synchronization in time-delay systems

The notion of phase synchronization in time-delay systems, exhibiting highly non-phase-coherent attractors, has not been realized yet even though it has been well studied in chaotic dynamical systems without delay. We report the identification of phase synchronization in coupled nonidentical piecewise linear and in coupled Mackey-Glass time-delay systems with highly non-phase-coherent regimes. We show that there is a transition from nonsynchronized behavior to phase and then to generalized synchronization as a function of coupling strength. We have introduced a transformation to capture the phase of the non-phase-coherent attractors, which works equally well for both the time-delay systems. The instantaneous phases of the above coupled systems calculated from the transformed attractors satisfy both the phase and mean frequency locking conditions. These transitions are also characterized in terms of recurrence-based indices, namely generalized autocorrelation function P(t), correlation of probability of recurrence, joint probability of recurrence, and similarity of probability of recurrence. We have quantified the different synchronization regimes in terms of these indices. The existence of phase synchronization is also characterized by typical transitions in the Lyapunov exponents of the coupled time-delay systems.

Intermittency transition to generalized synchronization in coupled time-delay systems

We report the nature of the transition to generalized synchronization (GS) in a system of two coupled scalar piecewise linear time-delay systems using the auxiliary system approach. We demonstrate that the transition to GS occurs via an on-off intermittency route and that it also exhibits characteristically distinct behaviors for different coupling configurations. In particular, the intermittency transition occurs in a rather broad range of coupling strength for the error feedback coupling configuration and in a narrow range of coupling strength for the direct feedback coupling configuration. It is also shown that the intermittent dynamics displays periodic bursts of periods equal to the delay time of the response system in the former case, while they occur in random time intervals of finite duration in the latter case. The robustness of these transitions with system parameters and delay times has also been studied for both linear and nonlinear coupling configurations. The results are corroborated analytically by suitable stability conditions for asymptotically stable synchronized states and numerically by the probability of synchronization and by the transition of sub-Lyapunov exponents of the coupled time-delay systems. We have also indicated the reason behind these distinct transitions by referring to the unstable periodic orbit theory of intermittency synchronization in low-dimensional systems.

Delay time modulation induced oscillating synchronization and intermittent anticipatory/lag and complete synchronizations in time-delay nonlinear dynamical systems

Existence of a new type of oscillating synchronization that oscillates between three different types of synchronizations (anticipatory, complete, and lag synchronizations) is identified in unidirectionally coupled nonlinear time-delay systems having two different time-delays, that is feedback delay with a periodic delay time modulation and a constant coupling delay. Intermittent anticipatory, intermittent lag, and complete synchronizations are shown to exist in the same system with identical delay time modulations in both the delays. The transition from anticipatory to complete synchronization and from complete to lag synchronization as a function of coupling delay with suitable stability condition is discussed. The intermittent anticipatory and lag synchronizations are characterized by the minimum of the similarity functions and the intermittent behavior is characterized by a universal asymptotic -32 power law distribution. It is also shown that the delay time carved out of the trajectories of the time-delay system with periodic delay time modulation cannot be estimated using conventional methods, thereby reducing the possibility of decoding the message by phase space reconstruction.

Transition from anticipatory to lag synchronization via complete synchronization in time-delay systems

The existence of anticipatory, complete, and lag synchronization in a single system having two different time delays, that is, feedback delay tau1 and coupling delay tau2, is identified. The transition from anticipatory to complete synchronization and from complete to lag synchronization as a function of coupling delay tau2 with a suitable stability condition is discussed. In particular, it is shown that the stability condition is independent of the delay times tau1 and tau2. Consequently, for a fixed set of parameters, all the three types of synchronizations can be realized. Further, the emergence of exact anticipatory, complete, or lag synchronization from the desynchronized state via approximate synchronization, when one of the system parameters (b2) is varied, is characterized by a minimum of the similarity function and the transition from on-off intermittency via periodic structure in the laminar phase distribution.

Anticontrol of chaos in continuous-time systems via time-delay feedback

In this paper, a systematic design approach based on time-delay feedback is developed for anticontrol of chaos in a continuous-time system. This anticontrol method can drive a finite-dimensional, continuous-time, autonomous system from nonchaotic to chaotic, and can also enhance the existing chaos of an originally chaotic system. Asymptotic analysis is used to establish an approximate relationship between a time-delay differential equation and a discrete map. Anticontrol of chaos is then accomplished based on this relationship and the differential-geometry control theory. Several examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the methodology and to illustrate the systematic design procedure. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.