1
|
Mishra A, Tabassum N, Aggarwal A, Kim YM, Khan F. Artificial Intelligence-Driven Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Pathogens on Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:788. [PMID: 39200087 PMCID: PMC11351874 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing threat of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens to human health worldwide emphasizes the need for more effective infection control strategies. Bacterial and fungal biofilms pose a major challenge in treating AMR pathogen infections. Biofilms are formed by pathogenic microbes encased in extracellular polymeric substances to confer protection from antimicrobials and the host immune system. Biofilms also promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant mutants and latent persister cells and thus complicate therapeutic approaches. Biofilms are ubiquitous and cause serious health risks due to their ability to colonize various surfaces, including human tissues, medical devices, and food-processing equipment. Detection and characterization of biofilms are crucial for prompt intervention and infection control. To this end, traditional approaches are often effective, yet they fail to identify the microbial species inside biofilms. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have provided new avenues to improve biofilm identification. Machine-learning algorithms and image-processing techniques have shown promise for the accurate and efficient detection of biofilm-forming microorganisms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. These advancements have the potential to transform biofilm research and clinical practice by allowing faster diagnosis and more tailored therapy. This comprehensive review focuses on the application of AI techniques for the identification of biofilm-forming pathogens in various industries, including healthcare, food safety, and agriculture. The review discusses the existing approaches, challenges, and potential applications of AI in biofilm research, with a particular focus on the role of AI in improving diagnostic capacities and guiding preventative actions. The synthesis of the current knowledge and future directions, as described in this review, will guide future research and development efforts in combating biofilm-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish Aggarwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Subramanian S, Tolstaya EI, Winkler TE, Bentley WE, Ghodssi R. An Integrated Microsystem for Real-Time Detection and Threshold-Activated Treatment of Bacterial Biofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31362-31371. [PMID: 28816432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are the primary cause of infections in medical implants and catheters. Delayed detection of biofilm infections contributes to the widespread use of high doses of antibiotics, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for systems that can rapidly detect and treat biofilm infections in situ. As a step toward this goal, in this work we have developed for the first time a threshold-activated feedback-based impedance sensor-treatment system for combined real-time detection and treatment of biofilms. Specifically, we demonstrate the use of impedimetric sensing to accurately monitor the growth of Escherichia coli biofilms in microfluidic flow cells by measuring the fractional relative change (FRC) in absolute impedance. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of growth measurements as a threshold-activated trigger mechanism to initiate successful treatment of biofilms using bioelectric effect (BE), applied through the same sensing electrode array. This was made possible through a custom program that (a) monitored the growth and removal of biofilms within the microfluidic channels in real-time and (b) enabled the threshold-based activation of BE treatment. Such BE treatment resulted in a ∼74.8 % reduction in average biofilm surface coverage as compared to the untreated negative control. We believe that this smart microsystem for integrated biofilm sensing and treatment will enable future development of autonomous biosensors optimized for accurate real-time detection of the onset of biofilms and their in situ treatment, directly on the surfaces of medical implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Subramanian
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, Institute for Systems Research, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §The Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ekaterina I Tolstaya
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, Institute for Systems Research, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §The Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thomas E Winkler
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, Institute for Systems Research, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §The Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - William E Bentley
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, Institute for Systems Research, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §The Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, Institute for Systems Research, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §The Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Label-free interdigitated microelectrode based biosensors for bacterial biofilm growth monitoring using Petri dishes. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 100:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Arruda DL, Wilson WC, Nguyen C, Yao QW, Caiazzo RJ, Talpasanu I, Dow DE, Liu BCS. Microelectrical sensors as emerging platforms for protein biomarker detection in point-of-care diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 9:749-55. [PMID: 19817557 DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current methods used to measure protein expression on microarrays, such as labeled fluorescent imaging, are not well suited for real-time, diagnostic measurements at the point of care. Studies have shown that microelectrical sensors utilizing silica nanowire, impedimetric, surface acoustic wave, magnetic nanoparticle and microantenna technologies have the potential to impact disease diagnosis by offering sensing characteristics that rival conventional sensing techniques. Their ability to transduce protein binding events into electrical signals may prove essential for the development of next-generation point-of-care devices for molecular diagnostics, where they could be easily integrated with microarray, microfluidic and telemetry technologies. However, common limitations associated with the microelectrical sensors, including problems with sensor fabrication and sensitivity, must first be resolved. This review describes governing technical concepts and provides examples demonstrating the use of various microelectrical sensors in the diagnosis of disease via protein biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Arruda
- Wentworth Institute of Technology, 550 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bogomolova A, Komarova E, Reber K, Gerasimov T, Yavuz O, Bhatt S, Aldissi M. Challenges of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in protein biosensing. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3944-9. [PMID: 19364089 DOI: 10.1021/ac9002358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, performed in the presence of a redox agent, is a convenient method to measure molecular interactions of electrochemically inactive compounds taking place on the electrode surface. High sensitivity of the method, being highly advantageous, can be also associated with nonspecific impedance changes that could be easily mistaken for specific interactions. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of all possible causes and perform parallel control experiments to rule them out. We present the results obtained during the early stages of aptamer-based sensor development, utilizing a model system of human alpha thrombin interacting with a thiolated DNA aptamer, immobilized on gold electrodes. EIS measurements took place in the presence of iron ferrocyanides. In addition to known method limitations, that is, inability to discriminate between specific and nonspecific binding (both causing impedance increase), we have found other factors leading to nonspecific impedance changes, such as: (i) initial electrode contamination; (ii) repetitive measurements; (iii) additional cyclic voltammetry (CV) or differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements; and (iv) additional incubations in the buffer between measurements, which have never been discussed before. We suggest ways to overcome the method limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bogomolova
- Fractal Systems Inc., 108 Fourth Street, Belleair Beach, Florida 33786, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|