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Ladrova M, Barvik F, Brablik J, Jaros R, Martinek R. Multichannel ballistocardiography: A comparative analysis of heartbeat detection across different body locations. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306074. [PMID: 39088429 PMCID: PMC11293685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The paper presents a validation of novel multichannel ballistocardiography (BCG) measuring system, enabling heartbeat detection from information about movements during myocardial contraction and dilatation of arteries due to blood expulsion. The proposed methology includes novel sensory system and signal processing procedure based on Wavelet transform and Hilbert transform. Because there are no existing recommendations for BCG sensor placement, the study focuses on investigation of BCG signal quality measured from eight different locations within the subject's body. The analysis of BCG signals is primarily based on heart rate (HR) calculation, for which a J-wave detection based on decision-making processes was used. Evaluation of the proposed system was made by comparing with electrocardiography (ECG) as a gold standard, when the averaged signal from all sensors reached HR detection sensitivity higher than 95% and two sensors showed a significant difference from ECG measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ladrova
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Filip Barvik
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jindrich Brablik
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Rene Jaros
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Radek Martinek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
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Yang N, Huang Y, Wang X, Wang D, Yao D, Ren G. Fibronectin-Targeting Dual-Modal MR/NIRF Imaging Contrast Agents for Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer and Peritoneal Metastasis. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:843-854. [PMID: 38775802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and fatality rates of gastric cancer (GC) remain elevated, with advanced stages presenting a grim prognosis. Noninvasive diagnosis of GC cancer often proves challenging until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage or metastasized. Initially, the level of fibronectin (FN) in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of GC was at least 3.7 times higher than that in normal fibroblasts. Herein, two FN-targeting magnetic resonance/near-infrared fluorescence (MR/NIRF) imaging contrast agents were developed to detect GC and peritoneal metastasis noninvasively. The probes CREKA-Cy7-(Gd-DOTA) and CREKA-Cy7-(Gd-DOTA)3 demonstrated significant FN-targeting capability (with dissociation constants of 1.0 and 2.1 mM) and effective MR imaging performance (with proton relaxivity values of 9.66 and 27.44 mM-1 s-1 at 9.4 T, 37 °C). In vivo imaging revealed a high signal-to-noise ratio and successful visualization of GC metastasis using NIRF imaging as well as successful tumor detection in MR imaging. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of FN-targeting probes for GC diagnosis and aids in the advancement of new diagnostic strategies for the clinical detection of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuelin Huang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dengbin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Defan Yao
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gang Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Pan Y, Varghese J, Tong MS, Yildiz VO, Azzu A, Gatehouse P, Wage R, Nielles-Vallespin S, Pennell DJ, Jin N, Bacher M, Hayes C, Speier P, Simonetti OP. Two-center validation of Pilot Tone based cardiac triggering of a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2024; 40:261-273. [PMID: 38082073 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-03002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is prone to distortions from gradient and radiofrequency interference and the magnetohydrodynamic effect during cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Although Pilot Tone Cardiac (PTC) triggering has the potential to overcome these limitations, effectiveness across various CMR techniques has yet to be established. To evaluate the performance of PTC triggering in a comprehensive CMR exam. Fifteen volunteers and 20 patients were recruited at two centers. ECG triggered images were collected for comparison in a subset of sequences. The PTC trigger accuracy was evaluated against ECG in cine acquisitions. Two experienced readers scored image quality in PTC-triggered cine, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and T1- and T2-weighted dark-blood turbo spin echo (DB-TSE) images. Quantitative cardiac function, flow, and parametric mapping values obtained using PTC and ECG triggered sequences were compared. Breath-held segmented cine used for trigger timing analysis was collected in 15 volunteers and 14 patients. PTC calibration failed in three volunteers and one patient; ECG trigger recording failed in one patient. Out of 1987 total heartbeats, three mismatched trigger PTC-ECG pairs were found. Image quality scores showed no significant difference between PTC and ECG triggering. There was no significant difference found in quantitative measurements in volunteers. In patients, the only significant difference was found in post-contrast T1 (p = 0.04). ICC showed moderate to excellent agreement in all measurements. PTC performance was equivalent to ECG in terms of triggering consistency, image quality, and quantitative image measurements across multiple CMR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juliet Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew S Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vedat O Yildiz
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alessia Azzu
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Peter Gatehouse
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rick Wage
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Dudley J Pennell
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ning Jin
- Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, PA, USA
| | - Mario Bacher
- Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Pan Y, Varghese J, Tong MS, Yildiz VO, Azzu A, Gatehouse P, Wage R, Nielles-Vallespin S, Pennell D, Jin N, Bacher M, Hayes C, Speier P, Simonetti OP. Two-center validation of Pilot Tone Based Cardiac Triggering of a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Examination. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3121723. [PMID: 37461505 PMCID: PMC10350216 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3121723/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is prone to distortions from gradient and radiofrequency interference and the magnetohydrodynamic effect during cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Although Pilot Tone Cardiac (PTC) triggering has the potential to overcome these limitations, effectiveness across various CMR techniques has yet to be established. Purpose To evaluate the performance of PTC triggering in a comprehensive CMR exam. Methods Fifteen volunteers and twenty patients were recruited at two centers. ECG triggered images were collected for comparison in a subset of sequences. The PTC trigger accuracy was evaluated against ECG in cine acquisitions. Two experienced readers scored image quality in PTC-triggered cine, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and T1- and T2-weighted dark-blood turbo spin echo (DB-TSE) images. Quantitative cardiac function, flow, and parametric mapping values obtained using PTC and ECG triggered sequences were compared. Results Breath-held segmented cine used for trigger timing analysis was collected in 15 volunteers and 14 patients. PTC calibration failed in three volunteers and one patient; ECG trigger recording failed in one patient. Out of 1987 total heartbeats, three mismatched trigger PTC-ECG pairs were found. Image quality scores showed no significant difference between PTC and ECG triggering. There was no significant difference found in quantitative measurements in volunteers. In patients, the only significant difference was found in post-contrast T1 (p = 0.04). ICC showed moderate to excellent agreement in all measurements. Conclusion PTC performance was equivalent to ECG in terms of triggering consistency, image quality, and quantitative image measurements across multiple CMR applications.
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Schreiber LM, Lohr D, Baltes S, Vogel U, Elabyad IA, Bille M, Reiter T, Kosmala A, Gassenmaier T, Stefanescu MR, Kollmann A, Aures J, Schnitter F, Pali M, Ueda Y, Williams T, Christa M, Hofmann U, Bauer W, Gerull B, Zernecke A, Ergün S, Terekhov M. Ultra-high field cardiac MRI in large animals and humans for translational cardiovascular research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1068390. [PMID: 37255709 PMCID: PMC10225557 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1068390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A key step in translational cardiovascular research is the use of large animal models to better understand normal and abnormal physiology, to test drugs or interventions, or to perform studies which would be considered unethical in human subjects. Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) at 7 T field strength is becoming increasingly available for imaging of the heart and, when compared to clinically established field strengths, promises better image quality and image information content, more precise functional analysis, potentially new image contrasts, and as all in-vivo imaging techniques, a reduction of the number of animals per study because of the possibility to scan every animal repeatedly. We present here a solution to the dual use problem of whole-body UHF-MRI systems, which are typically installed in clinical environments, to both UHF-MRI in large animals and humans. Moreover, we provide evidence that in such a research infrastructure UHF-MRI, and ideally combined with a standard small-bore UHF-MRI system, can contribute to a variety of spatial scales in translational cardiovascular research: from cardiac organoids, Zebra fish and rodent hearts to large animal models such as pigs and humans. We present pilot data from serial CINE, late gadolinium enhancement, and susceptibility weighted UHF-MRI in a myocardial infarction model over eight weeks. In 14 pigs which were delivered from a breeding facility in a national SARS-CoV-2 hotspot, we found no infection in the incoming pigs. Human scanning using CINE and phase contrast flow measurements provided good image quality of the left and right ventricle. Agreement of functional analysis between CINE and phase contrast MRI was excellent. MRI in arrested hearts or excised vascular tissue for MRI-based histologic imaging, structural imaging of myofiber and vascular smooth muscle cell architecture using high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging, and UHF-MRI for monitoring free radicals as a surrogate for MRI of reactive oxygen species in studies of oxidative stress are demonstrated. We conclude that UHF-MRI has the potential to become an important precision imaging modality in translational cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Schreiber
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - David Lohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Baltes
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ibrahim A. Elabyad
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maya Bille
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Reiter
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Aleksander Kosmala
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gassenmaier
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria R. Stefanescu
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alena Kollmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Aures
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schnitter
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mihaela Pali
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tatiana Williams
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Christa
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Terekhov
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Brablik J, Ladrova M, Vilimek D, Kolarik J, Kahankova R, Hanzlikova P, Nedoma J, Behbehani K, Fajkus M, Vojtisek L, Martinek R. A Comparison of Alternative Approaches to MR Cardiac Triggering: A Pilot Study at 3 Tesla. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 26:2594-2605. [PMID: 35085098 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3146707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This pilot comparative study evaluates the usability of the alternative approaches to magnetic resonance (MR) cardiac triggering based on ballistocardiography (BCG): fiber-optic sensor (O-BCG) and pneumatic sensor (P-BCG). The comparison includes both the objective and subjective assessment of the proposed sensors in comparison with a gold standard of ECG-based triggering. The objective evaluation included several image quality assessment (IQA) parameters, whereas the subjective analysis was performed by 10 experts rating the diagnostic quality (scale 1 - 3, 1 corresponding to the best image quality and 3 the worst one). Moreover, for each examination, we provided the examination time and comfort rating (scale 1 - 3). The study was performed on 10 healthy subjects. All data were acquired on a 3 T SIEMENS MAGNETOM Prisma. In image quality analysis, all approaches reached comparable results, with ECG slightly outperforming the BCG-based methods, especially according to the objective metrics. The subjective evaluation proved the best quality of ECG (average score of 1.68) and higher performance of P-BCG (1.97) than O-BCG (2.03). In terms of the comfort rating and total examination time, the ECG method achieved the worst results, i.e. the highest score and the longest examination time: 2.6 and 10:49 s, respectively. The BCG-based alternatives achieved comparable results (P-BCG 1.5 and 8:06 s; OBCG 1.9, 9:08 s). This study confirmed that the proposed BCG-based alternative approaches to MR cardiac triggering offer comparable quality of resulting images with the benefits of reduced examination time and increased patient comfort.
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A Simple Low-Cost Electrocardiogram Synchronizer. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175885. [PMID: 34502776 PMCID: PMC8434309 DOI: 10.3390/s21175885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronization is useful to avoid the effects of cardiac motion in medical measurements, and is widely used in standard medical imaging. A number of medical equipment include embedded commercial synchronizers. However, the use of independent synchronization modules is sometimes needed when several non-integrated instruments are used, or in the development of new medical instruments and procedures. We present a simple low-cost ECG synchronizer module based on an Arduino controller board that converts the ECG signal into a transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) one, allowing real-time medical measurements triggered at specific phases of the cardiac cycle. The device and conversion algorithm developed is optimized in vitro using synthetic and human ECG signals, and tested in vivo on three swine specimens. Error rates during the in vivo testing stage remain below the 2% of the cycles in all animals and critical false positives are less than 1%, which is sufficient for most applications. Possible algorithm updates are discussed if its performance needs to be improved.
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