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Andrzejak J, Chmielewski LJ, Landmesser-Rusek J, Orłowski A. The Impact of the Measure Used to Calculate the Distance between Exchange Rate Time Series on the Topological Structure of the Currency Network. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:279. [PMID: 38667833 PMCID: PMC11049128 DOI: 10.3390/e26040279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Structural properties of the currency market were examined with the use of topological networks. Relationships between currencies were analyzed by constructing minimal spanning trees (MSTs). The dissimilarities between time series of currency returns were measured in various ways: by applying Euclidean distance, Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Kendall's coefficient, partial correlation, dynamic time warping measure, and Kullback-Leibler relative entropy. For the constructed MSTs, their topological characteristics were analyzed and conclusions were drawn regarding the influence of the dissimilarity measure used. It turned out that the strength of most types of correlations was highly dependent on the choice of the numeraire currency, while partial correlations were invariant in this respect. It can be stated that a network built on the basis of partial correlations provides a more adequate illustration of pairwise relationships in the foreign exchange market. The data for quotations of 37 of the most important world currencies and four precious metals in the period from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022 were used. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 triggered changes in the topology of the currency network. As a result of these crises, the average distances between tree nodes decreased and the centralization of graphs increased. Our results confirm that currencies are often pegged to other currencies due to countries' geographic locations and economic ties. The detected structures can be useful in descriptions of the currency market, can help in constructing a stable portfolio of the foreign exchange rates, and can be a valuable tool in searching for economic factors influencing specific groups of countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Andrzejak
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Leszek J. Chmielewski
- Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Landmesser-Rusek
- Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Orłowski
- Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Thierry B, Stanley K, Kestens Y, Winters M, Fuller D. Comparing Location Data From Smartphone and Dedicated Global Positioning System Devices: Implications for Epidemiologic Research. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:180-192. [PMID: 37646642 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared location data from a dedicated Global Positioning System (GPS) device with location data from smartphones. Data from the Interventions, Equity, and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) Study, a study examining the impact of urban-form changes on health in 4 Canadian cities (Victoria, Vancouver, Saskatoon, and Montreal), were used. A total of 337 participants contributed data collected for about 6 months from the Ethica Data smartphone application (Ethica Data Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and the SenseDoc dedicated GPS (MobySens Technologies Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada) during the period 2017-2019. Participants recorded an average total of 14,781 Ethica locations (standard deviation, 19,353) and 197,167 SenseDoc locations (standard deviation, 111,868). Dynamic time warping and cross-correlation were used to examine the spatial and temporal similarity of GPS points. Four activity-space measures derived from the smartphone app and the dedicated GPS device were compared. Analysis showed that cross-correlations were above 0.8 at the 125-m resolution for the survey and day levels and increased as cell size increased. At the day or survey level, there were only small differences between the activity-space measures. Based on our findings, we recommend dedicated GPS devices for studies where the exposure and the outcome are both measured at high frequency and when the analysis will not be aggregate. When the exposure and outcome are measured or will be aggregated to the day level, the dedicated GPS device and the smartphone app provide similar results.
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3
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Mitra D, Chu Y, Cetin K. COVID-19 impacts on residential occupancy schedules and activities in U.S. Homes in 2020 using ATUS. APPLIED ENERGY 2022; 324:119765. [PMID: 35935744 PMCID: PMC9339985 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of the daily lives of those living in the United States were substantially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020. A broad diversity of measures was implemented to curb the spread of the virus, many of which included adjustments to where and how people worked, went to school, and otherwise conducted their daily lives compared to pre-pandemic times. This has impacted how residential buildings are used, how much time people spend in their homes, and as a result, how much energy these buildings consume. The main objective of this study is to analyze, at a national scale, the differences in the occupancy schedules and activities conducted in homes in the U.S., as compared to pre-pandemic. 15 years of American Time Use Survey and Current Population Survey data, from 2006 to 2020, was used in this study to analyze the occupancy schedules for both pandemic (2020) and pre-pandemic (2006-2019) times. These impacts were also analyzed with respect to variables including, weekday/weekend, month of the year, age of the occupants, household income, and household size. The impact of the pandemic on occupant schedules were most substantial in the initial months, whereas as the months progressed, these occupancy profiles slowly changed. Across 2020, people spent, on average, 8 % more time (1.9 h) in their home on weekdays, and 3-6 % (1.2 h) on weekend days. The percentage of time spent for different activities and locations within homes were also studied. For 1-member households, their time spent at home decreased whereas for 2-, 3-, and 4- member households, they spent more time at home. Overall, people spent around 45% more time doing office- and work-related activities at home compared to pre-pandemic, which is likely due to increased remote working and schooling. This research helps to improve the understanding of the occupancy presence and absence profiles in U.S. residential buildings due to the pandemic and provides new insights as to modified profiles for researchers, building designers, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debrudra Mitra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yiyi Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kristen Cetin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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4
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Stübinger J, Walter D. Using Multi-Dimensional Dynamic Time Warping to Identify Time-Varying Lead-Lag Relationships. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6884. [PMID: 36146233 PMCID: PMC9501639 DOI: 10.3390/s22186884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper develops a multi-dimensional Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm to identify varying lead-lag relationships between two different time series. Specifically, this manuscript contributes to the literature by improving upon the use towards lead-lag estimation. Our two-step procedure computes the multi-dimensional DTW alignment with the aid of shapeDTW and then utilises the output to extract the estimated time-varying lead-lag relationship between the original time series. Next, our extensive simulation study analyses the performance of the algorithm compared to the state-of-the-art methods Thermal Optimal Path (TOP), Symmetric Thermal Optimal Path (TOPS), Rolling Cross-Correlation (RCC), Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), and Derivative Dynamic Time Warping (DDTW). We observe a strong outperformance of the algorithm regarding efficiency, robustness, and feasibility.
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5
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Balzer EW, Grottoli AD, Burns LE, Broders HG. Active season body mass patterns of little brown and northern myotis bats. Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evan W. Balzer
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Adam D. Grottoli
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Lynne E. Burns
- Environment and Climate Change Canada Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Hugh G. Broders
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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Travassos JM, Martins SS, Simões JC. A firn dielectric log depth-tied to an ice core on the West Antarctica Ice Sheet. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210815. [PMID: 35648996 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have estimated a 1-D permittivity model from a 100m long variable offset GPR in the West Antarctic ice sheet. That model inherits the inaccuracies in depth from the velocity model, which should be corrected before attempting to correlate it with the density log from a close-by borehole. We performed that correction by aligning a synthetic ice density derived from a Maxwell Garnett two-phase mixture model to the ice core density measurements through dynamic time warping. The shifts to bring the permittivity estimates to their proper depths suggest a direct correlation of radar-derived data to borehole depths may suffer from noise to an unknown degree. The present methodology is within reach of a standard GPR survey, having at least one variable offset gather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandyr M Travassos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Métodos de Modelagem e Geofísica Computacional - COPPE, Av. Pedro Calmon, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 21941-596 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Saulo S Martins
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Faculdade de Geofísica, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jefferson C Simões
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Centro Polar e Climático, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5790, EUA
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7
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Assessment of the Similarity of the Situation in the EU Labour Markets and Their Changes in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the similarity of the situation in the EU labour markets and their evolution using selected indicators in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The benchmark are the countries that most closely meet the Sustainable Development Goals related to the labour market. We use quarterly data from Eurostat presenting the basic indicators of the labour market: unemployment, employment, and activity rates. We analyse all indicators for the total population, young people, and people aged 55+. We assess the similarity of the situation using the TOPSIS method and similarity of changes by means of the Dynamic Time Warping. We obtain homogeneous groups of countries due to similarity of time series using hierarchical clustering. We conduct the analysis in two periods: the years 2018 and 2019 (pre-pandemic period) and from the beginning of 2020 to the present (pandemic period). The composition of the clusters in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods is different. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the situation in the labour market can be noted. This is a result of different degree of development of labour markets, which had an impact on coping with the effects of the crisis caused by the pandemic.
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8
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Braun T, Fernandez CN, Eroglu D, Hartland A, Breitenbach SFM, Marwan N. Sampling rate-corrected analysis of irregularly sampled time series. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024206. [PMID: 35291153 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of irregularly sampled time series remains a challenging task requiring methods that account for continuous and abrupt changes of sampling resolution without introducing additional biases. The edit distance is an effective metric to quantitatively compare time series segments of unequal length by computing the cost of transforming one segment into the other. We show that transformation costs generally exhibit a nontrivial relationship with local sampling rate. If the sampling resolution undergoes strong variations, this effect impedes unbiased comparison between different time episodes. We study the impact of this effect on recurrence quantification analysis, a framework that is well suited for identifying regime shifts in nonlinear time series. A constrained randomization approach is put forward to correct for the biased recurrence quantification measures. This strategy involves the generation of a type of time series and time axis surrogates which we call sampling-rate-constrained (SRC) surrogates. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with a synthetic example and an irregularly sampled speleothem proxy record from Niue island in the central tropical Pacific. Application of the proposed correction scheme identifies a spurious transition that is solely imposed by an abrupt shift in sampling rate and uncovers periods of reduced seasonal rainfall predictability associated with enhanced El Niño-Southern Oscillation and tropical cyclone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Braun
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cinthya N Fernandez
- Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Deniz Eroglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, 34083 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adam Hartland
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato 3240, New Zealand
| | - Sebastian F M Breitenbach
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Mizutani E, Dreyfus S. On using dynamic programming for time warping in pattern recognition. Inf Sci (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2021.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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The Connections between COVID-19 and the Energy Commodities Prices: Evidence through the Dynamic Time Warping Method. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14134024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the study is to assess the similarity between the time series of energy commodity prices and the time series of daily COVID-19 cases. The COVID-19 pandemic affects all aspects of the global economy. Although this impact is multifaceted, we assess the connections between the number of COVID-19 cases and the energy commodities sector. We analyse these connections by using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method. On this basis, we calculate the similarity measure—the DTW distance between the time series—and use it to group the energy commodities according to their price change. Our analysis also includes finding the time shifts between daily COVID-19 cases and commodity prices in subperiods according to the chronology of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings are that commodities such as ULSD, heating oil, crude oil, and gasoline are weakly associated with COVID-19. On the other hand, natural gas, palm oil, CO2 allowances, and ethanol are strongly associated with the development of the pandemic.
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11
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Real Driving Emission Calibration—Review of Current Validation Methods against the Background of Future Emission Legislation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reducing air pollution caused by emissions from road traffic, especially in urban areas, is an important goal of legislators and the automotive industry. The introduction of so-called “Real Driving Emission” (RDE) tests for the homologation of vehicles with internal combustion engines according to the EU6d legislation was a fundamental milestone for vehicle and powertrain development. Due to the introduction of non-reproducible on-road emission tests with “Portable Emission Measurement Systems” (PEMS) in addition to the standardized emission tests on chassis dynamometers, emission aftertreatment development and validation has become significantly more complex. For explicit proof of compliance with the emission and fuel consumption regulations, the legislators continue to require the “Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicle Test Cycle” (WLTC) on a chassis dynamometer. For calibration purposes, also various RDE profiles are conducted on the chassis dynamometer. However, the combination of precisely defined driving profiles on the chassis dynamometer and the dynamics-limiting boundary conditions in PEMS tests on the road still lead to discrepancies between the certified test results and the real vehicle behavior. The expected future emissions standards to replace EU6d will therefore force even more realistic RDE tests. This is to be achieved by significantly extending the permissible RDE test boundary conditions, such as giving more weight to the urban section of an RDE test. In addition, the introduction of limit values for previously unregulated pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) and formaldehyde (CH2O) is being considered. Furthermore, the particle number (for diameters of solid particles > 10 nm: PN10), the methane (CH4) emissions and emissions of non-methane organic gases (NMOG) shall be limited and must be tested. To simplify the test procedure in the long term, the abandonment of predefined chassis dyno emission tests to determine the pollutant emission behavior is under discussion. Against this background, current testing, validation, and development methods are reviewed in this paper. New challenges and necessary adaptations of current approaches are discussed and presented to illustrate the need to consider future regulatory requirements in today’s approaches. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions for a robust RDE validation procedure are formulated.
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12
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13
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Azhari A, Leck WQ, Gabrieli G, Bizzego A, Rigo P, Setoh P, Bornstein MH, Esposito G. Parenting Stress Undermines Mother-Child Brain-to-Brain Synchrony: A Hyperscanning Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11407. [PMID: 31388049 PMCID: PMC6684640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrony refers to the coordinated interplay of behavioural and physiological signals that reflect the bi-directional attunement of one partner to the other’s psychophysiological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral state. In mother-child relationships, a synchronous pattern of interaction indicates parental sensitivity. Parenting stress has been shown to undermine mother-child behavioural synchrony. However, it has yet to be discerned whether parenting stress affects brain-to-brain synchrony during everyday joint activities. Here, we show that greater parenting stress is associated with less brain-to-brain synchrony in the medial left cluster of the prefrontal cortex when mother and child engage in a typical dyadic task of watching animation videos together. This brain region overlaps with the inferior frontal gyrus, the frontal eye field, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which are implicated in inference of mental states and social cognition. Our result demonstrates the adverse effect of parenting stress on mother-child attunement that is evident at a brain-to-brain level. Mother-child brain-to-brain asynchrony may underlie the robust association between parenting stress and poor dyadic co-regulation. We anticipate our study to form the foundation for future investigations into mechanisms by which parenting stress impairs the mother-child relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azhari
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Q Leck
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - P Rigo
- University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Setoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M H Bornstein
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, USA.,Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Esposito
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
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14
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Guccione P, Palin L, Milanesio M, Belviso BD, Caliandro R. Improved multivariate analysis for fast and selective monitoring of structural dynamics by in situ X-ray powder diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2175-2187. [PMID: 29104977 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of two solid-state reactions, Xe absorption into MFI and molecular complex formation, where samples are affected by changes of crystal lattice due to temperature or pressure variation was structurally monitored through in situ or in operando X-ray powder diffraction experiments. Consequent variations of the peak positions prevent collective analysis of measured patterns, aiming at investigating structural changes occurring within the crystal cell. Moreover, an intrinsic and variable error in peak position is unavoidable when using the Bragg-Brentano geometry and, in some cases (sticky, bulky, aggregate samples) the sample mounting can increase the error within a dataset. Here we present a general multivariate analysis method to process in a fast and automatic way in situ XRPD data collected on charge transfer complexes and porous materials, with the capacity of disentangling peak shifts from intensity and shape variations in diffraction signals, thus allowing an efficient separation of the contribution of crystal lattice changes from structural changes. The peak shift correction allowed an improved PCA analysis that turned out to be more sensible than the traditional single pattern Rietveld analysis. The developed algorithms allowed, with respect to the traditional approach, the location of two new Xe positions into MFI with a better interpretation of the experimental data, while a much faster and more efficient recovery of the reaction coordinate was achieved in the molecular complex formation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Guccione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
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15
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Gerbier E, Bailly G, Bosse ML. Audio–visual synchronization in reading while listening to texts: Effects on visual behavior and verbal learning. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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17
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Rodriguez-Serrano FJ, Carabias-Orti JJ, Vera-Candeas P, Martinez-Munoz D. Tempo Driven Audio-to-Score Alignment Using Spectral Decomposition and Online Dynamic Time Warping. ACM T INTEL SYST TEC 2017. [DOI: 10.1145/2926717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we present an online score following framework designed to deal with automatic accompaniment. The proposed framework is based on spectral factorization and online Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and has two separated stages: preprocessing and alignment. In the first one, we convert the score into a reference audio signal using a MIDI synthesizer software and we analyze the provided information in order to obtain the spectral patterns (i.e., basis functions) associated to each score unit. In this work, a score unit represents the occurrence of concurrent or isolated notes in the score. These spectral patterns are learned from the synthetic MIDI signal using a method based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) with Beta-divergence, where the gains are initialized as the ground-truth transcription inferred from the MIDI. On the second stage, a non-iterative signal decomposition method with fixed spectral patterns per score unit is used over the magnitude spectrogram of the input signal resulting in a distortion matrix that can be interpreted as the cost of the matching for each score unit at each frame. Finally, the relation between the performance and the musical score times is obtained using a strategy based on online DTW, where the optimal path is biased by the speed of interpretation. Our system has been evaluated and compared to other systems, yielding reliable results and performance.
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18
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Kanadje M, Miller Z, Agarwal A, Gaborski R, Zanibbi R, Ludi S. Assisted keyword indexing for lecture videos using unsupervised keyword spotting. Pattern Recognit Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Power Quality Prediction, Early Warning, and Control for Points of Common Coupling with Wind Farms. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en8099365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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von Merten S, Hoier S, Pfeifle C, Tautz D. A role for ultrasonic vocalisation in social communication and divergence of natural populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e97244. [PMID: 24816836 PMCID: PMC4016290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that rodents emit signals in the ultrasonic range, but their role in social communication and mating is still under active exploration. While inbred strains of house mice have emerged as a favourite model to study ultrasonic vocalisation (USV) patterns, studies in wild animals and natural situations are still rare. We focus here on two wild derived mouse populations. We recorded them in dyadic encounters for extended periods of time to assess possible roles of USVs and their divergence between allopatric populations. We have analysed song frequency and duration, as well as spectral features of songs and syllables. We show that the populations have indeed diverged in several of these aspects and that USV patterns emitted in a mating context differ from those emitted in same sex encounters. We find that females vocalize not less, in encounters with another female even more than males. This implies that the current focus of USVs being emitted mainly by males within the mating context needs to be reconsidered. Using a statistical syntax analysis we find complex temporal sequencing patterns that could suggest that the syntax conveys meaningful information to the receivers. We conclude that wild mice use USV for complex social interactions and that USV patterns can diverge fast between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie von Merten
- Department Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Svenja Hoier
- Department Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Christine Pfeifle
- Department Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Department Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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21
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Keen S, Ross JC, Griffiths ET, Lanzone M, Farnsworth A. A comparison of similarity-based approaches in the classification of flight calls of four species of North American wood-warblers (Parulidae). ECOL INFORM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Augustyniak P, Smoleń M, Mikrut Z, Kańtoch E. Seamless tracing of human behavior using complementary wearable and house-embedded sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:7831-56. [PMID: 24787640 PMCID: PMC4062997 DOI: 10.3390/s140507831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a multimodal system for seamless surveillance of elderly people in their living environment. The system uses simultaneously a wearable sensor network for each individual and premise-embedded sensors specific for each environment. The paper demonstrates the benefits of using complementary information from two types of mobility sensors: visual flow-based image analysis and an accelerometer-based wearable network. The paper provides results for indoor recognition of several elementary poses and outdoor recognition of complex movements. Instead of complete system description, particular attention was drawn to a polar histogram-based method of visual pose recognition, complementary use and synchronization of the data from wearable and premise-embedded networks and an automatic danger detection algorithm driven by two premise- and subject-related databases. The novelty of our approach also consists in feeding the databases with real-life recordings from the subject, and in using the dynamic time-warping algorithm for measurements of distance between actions represented as elementary poses in behavioral records. The main results of testing our method include: 95.5% accuracy of elementary pose recognition by the video system, 96.7% accuracy of elementary pose recognition by the accelerometer-based system, 98.9% accuracy of elementary pose recognition by the combined accelerometer and video-based system, and 80% accuracy of complex outdoor activity recognition by the accelerometer-based wearable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Augustyniak
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, 30, Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Smoleń
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, 30, Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Mikrut
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, 30, Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Eliasz Kańtoch
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, 30, Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate age-related changes in the shape of corneal indentation pulse (CIP) in relation to simultaneously registered blood pulsation (BPL) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in healthy subjects. METHODS Seventy-seven subjects were recruited for the study, including 36 young subjects (aged 23 to 32 years) and 41 older subjects (aged 44 to 72 years) with no reported ocular and cardiovascular abnormalities and free of any systemic diseases. Corneal indentation pulse was measured with a noninvasive ultrasonic distance sensor. Simultaneously, BPL and ECG were acquired with a pulse oximeter placed on the earlobe and Eindhoven triangle setup, respectively. Correlation analysis was applied to identify the interactions between the parameters of the averaged signals, estimated with dedicated signal processing algorithms, for all subject measurements and separately for both considered groups. RESULTS Twenty-nine out of 41 older subjects showed evidence of a double peak-shaped CIP waveform that could be interpreted as ocular pulse dicrotism. None of the young subjects exhibited this phenomenon. For the young group, significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the CIP crest time of a single peak-shaped CIP waveform and the other shape parameters of the CIP, BPL, and ECG signals. Similarly, for the older group of subjects, significant corresponding correlations were only found between the preliminary crest time of a double peak-shaped CIP waveform. CONCLUSIONS Using noninvasive corneal indentation pulse measurement revealed, for the first time, an ocular pulse dicrotism. This might be a natural sign of aging or an early indication of hemodynamic aspects of cardiovascular diseases.
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Heuer H, Lüttgen J. Motor learning with fading and growing haptic guidance. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:2229-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Long X, Fonseca P, Foussier J, Haakma R, Aarts RM. Sleep and wake classification with actigraphy and respiratory effort using dynamic warping. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2013; 18:1272-84. [PMID: 24108754 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2013.2284610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes the use of dynamic warping (DW) methods for improving automatic sleep and wake classification using actigraphy and respiratory effort. DW is an algorithm that finds an optimal nonlinear alignment between two series allowing scaling and shifting. It is widely used to quantify (dis)similarity between two series. To compare the respiratory effort between sleep and wake states by means of (dis)similarity, we constructed two novel features based on DW. For a given epoch of a respiratory effort recording, the features search for the optimally aligned epoch within the same recording in time and frequency domain. This is expected to yield a high (or low) similarity score when this epoch is sleep (or wake). Since the comparison occurs throughout the entire-night recording of a subject, it may reduce the effects of within- and between-subject variations of the respiratory effort, and thus help discriminate between sleep and wake states. The DW-based features were evaluated using a linear discriminant classifier on a dataset of 15 healthy subjects. Results show that the DW-based features can provide a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of agreement κ = 0.59 which is significantly higher than the existing respiratory-based features and is comparable to actigraphy. After combining the actigraphy and the DW-based features, the classifier achieved a κ of 0.66 and an overall accuracy of 95.7%, outperforming an earlier actigraphy- and respiratory-based feature set ( κ = 0.62). The results are also comparable with those obtained using an actigraphy- and cardiorespiratory-based feature set but have the important advantage that they do not require an ECG signal to be recorded.
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Wang Y, Mao Z, Jia M. Feature-Points-Based Multimodel Single Dynamic Kernel Principle Component Analysis (M-SDKPCA) Modeling and Online Monitoring Strategy for Uneven-Length Batch Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- College of Information
Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China
- College of Electronics & Information Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, P. R. China
| | - Z. Mao
- College of Information
Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China
| | - M. Jia
- College of Information
Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China
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Myers CS, Rabiner LR. A Comparative Study of Several Dynamic Time-Warping Algorithms for Connected-Word Recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1981.tb00272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Dautrich BA, Rabiner LR, Martin TB. The Effects of Selected Signal Processing Techniques on the Performance of a Filter-Bank-Based Isolated Word Recognizer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1983.tb02299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Myers CS, Rabiner LR, Rosenberg AE. On the Use of Dynamic Time Warping for Word Spotting and Connected Word Recognition*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1981.tb00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Bloemberg TG, Gerretzen J, Lunshof A, Wehrens R, Buydens LM. Warping methods for spectroscopic and chromatographic signal alignment: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 781:14-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Bork C, Ng K, Liu Y, Yee A, Pohlscheidt M. Chromatographic peak alignment using derivative dynamic time warping. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:394-402. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bork
- Manufacturing Science and Technology; Genentech, Inc.; 1 Antibody Way Oceanside CA 92056
| | - Kenneth Ng
- Manufacturing Science and Technology; Genentech, Inc.; 1 Antibody Way Oceanside CA 92056
| | - Yinhan Liu
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Minnesota; Twin Cities, 100 Church St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Alex Yee
- Dept. of Bioengineering; Stanford University; 318 Campus Dr. Stanford CA 94304
| | - Michael Pohlscheidt
- Manufacturing Science and Technology; Genentech, Inc.; 1 Antibody Way Oceanside CA 92056
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Slaets L, Claeskens G, Hubert M. Phase and amplitude-based clustering for functional data. Comput Stat Data Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Muscillo R, Schmid M, Conforto S, D'Alessio T. Early recognition of upper limb motor tasks through accelerometers: real-time implementation of a DTW-based algorithm. Comput Biol Med 2011; 41:164-72. [PMID: 21295290 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new real-time implementation of a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)-based classification scheme is presented here, and its performance evaluated on experimental data. Nine young adults were requested to perform instances of eight different purposeful movements described in the Wolf Motor Function Test, while wearing a three-axis accelerometer sensor placed on the inner forearm. Results include the correct recognition percentage, as compared to a classification scheme based on the traditional DTW measure, and the recognition percentage as a function of the time elapsed from the beginning of the performed movements. The Real-Time DTW basically performs with the same accuracy of the traditional DTW-based classification scheme (91.5% of correct recognition percentage), a figure that increases to 96.5% if the multidimensional scheme is adopted. Moreover, more than 60% of movements are correctly recognized before their end, thus setting the way for applications in rehabilitation and assistive technologies, where a real-time control scheme is able to interact with the user while the movement is being performed.
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35
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Yu J. Nonlinear Bioprocess Monitoring Using Multiway Kernel Localized Fisher Discriminant Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie1017282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Zhang G, Kinsner W, Huang B. Electrocardiogram data mining based on frame classification by dynamic time warping matching. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2010; 12:701-7. [PMID: 19360509 DOI: 10.1080/10255840902882158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an electrocardiogram (ECG) data mining scheme based on the ECG frame classification realised by a dynamic time warping (DTW) matching technique, which has been used successfully in speech recognition. We use the DTW to classify ECG frames because ECG and speech signals have similar non-stationary characteristics. The DTW mapping function is obtained by searching the frame from its end to start. A threshold is setup for DTW matching residual either to classify an ECG frame or to add a new class. Classification and establishment of a template set are carried out simultaneously. A frame is classified into a category with a minimal residual and satisfying a threshold requirement. A classification residual of 1.33% is achieved by the DTW for a 10-min ECG recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Zhang
- St Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.
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38
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Syed Z, Sung P, Scirica BM, Morrow DA, Stultz CM, Guttag JV. Spectral energy of ECG morphologic differences to predict death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 9:18-26. [PMID: 19283476 DOI: 10.1007/s10558-009-9066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Unstable conduction system bifurcations following ischemia and infarction are associated with variations in the electrocardiographic activity spanning the heart beat. In this paper, we investigate a spectral energy measure of morphologic differences (SE-MD) that quantifies aspects of these changes. Our measure uses a dynamic time-warping approach to compute the time-aligned morphology differences between pairs of successive sinus beats in an electrocardiographic signal. While comparing beats, the entire heart beat signal is analyzed in order to capture changes affecting both depolarization and repolarization. We show that variations in electrocardiographic activity associated with death can be distinguished by their spectral characteristics. We developed the SE-MD metric on holter data from 764 patients from the TIMI DISPERSE2 dataset and tested it on 600 patients from the TIMI MERLIN dataset. In the test population, high SE-MD was strongly associated with death over a 90 day period following non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (HR 10.45, p < 0.001) and showed significant discriminative ability (c-statistic 0.85). In comparison with heart rate variability and deceleration capacity, SE-MD was also the most significant predictor of death in the study population. Furthermore, SE-MD had low correlation with these other measures, suggesting that complementary use of the risk variables may allow for more complete assessment of cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Syed
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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Matching incomplete time series with dynamic time warping: an algorithm and an application to post-stroke rehabilitation. Artif Intell Med 2009; 45:11-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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The psychoacoustics of noise vocoded speech: A physiological means to a perceptual end. Hear Res 2008; 241:87-96. [PMID: 18556159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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42
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Kassidas A, MacGregor JF, Taylor PA. Synchronization of batch trajectories using dynamic time warping. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690440412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Previously it was shown that male mice, when they encounter female mice or their pheromones, emit ultrasonic vocalizations with frequencies ranging over 30-110 kHz. Here, we show that these vocalizations have the characteristics of song, consisting of several different syllable types, whose temporal sequencing includes the utterance of repeated phrases. Individual males produce songs with characteristic syllabic and temporal structure. This study provides a quantitative initial description of male mouse songs, and opens the possibility of studying song production and perception in an established genetic model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Holy
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Yegnanarayana B, Prasanna S, Zachariah J, Gupta C. Combining evidence from source, suprasegmental and spectral features for a fixed-text speaker verification system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1109/tsa.2005.848892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Ündey C, Ertunç S, Çınar A. Online Batch/Fed-Batch Process Performance Monitoring, Quality Prediction, and Variable-Contribution Analysis for Diagnosis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0208218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Ündey
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Sinem Ertunç
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - Ali Çınar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
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Ündey C, Williams BA, Çınar A. MONITORING OF BATCH PHARMACEUTICAL FERMENTATIONS: DATA SYNCHRONIZATION, LANDMARK ALIGNMENT, AND REAL-TIME MONITORING. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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49
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Kaistha N, Moore CF. Extraction of Event Times in Batch Profiles for Time Synchronization and Quality Predictions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ie990937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kaistha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Charles F. Moore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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50
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Stark LW, Choi YS. Experimental metaphysics: The scanpath as an epistemological mechanism. VISUAL ATTENTION AND COGNITION 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4115(96)80069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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