Multiple Delay-Dependent Guaranteed Cost Control for Distributed Engine Control Systems with Aging and Deterioration

Distributed control architecture can bring many benefits to the engine control system, but the delay and packet dropout introduced by network communication will bring negative effects to the control system. The aging and deterioration of the engine are also obstacles in the design of the engine control system. This paper is concerned with the problem of guaranteed cost control for a distributed engine control system (DECS) with these negative constraints. Firstly, a model of DECS with multiple delays, packet dropouts and uncertainties is built. Secondly, a multiple delay-dependent guaranteed cost controller design method is proposed in the form of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The non-convex optimal controller design problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem through the cone complementarity linearization (CCL) method, and the suboptimal controller is designed iteratively. Thirdly, turboshaft engine aging and deterioration are treated as sources of uncertainties, and the norm-bounded uncertain model of the turboshaft engine is modeled. Finally, the numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the guaranteed cost controller designed for DECS with multiple delays, packet dropouts, engine aging and deteriorations.

Networked controller and observer design of discrete-time systems with inaccurate model parameters

This paper develops a novel off-policy Q-learning method to find the optimal observer gain and the optimal controller for achieving optimality of network-communication based linear discrete-time systems using only measured data. The primary advantage of this off-policy Q-learning method is that it can work for the linear discrete-time systems with inaccurate system model, unmeasurable system states and network-induced delays. To this end, an optimization problem for networked control systems composed of a plant, a state observer and a Smith predictor is formulated first. The Smith predictor is employed to not only compensate network-induced delays, but also make the separation principle hold, thus the observer and controller can be designed separately. Then, the off-policy Q-learning is implemented for learning the optimal observer gain and the optimal controller combined with the Smith predictor, such that a novel off-policy Q-learning algorithm is derived using only input, output and delayed estimated state of systems, not the inaccurate system matrices. The convergences of the iterative observer gain and the iterative controller gain are rigorously proven. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Analysis of Three-Phase Inverter Parallel Operation with Network-Based Control Having Strong Robustness and Wide Time-Scale Compatibility in Droop-Controlled AC Microgrid

The system performances can be potentially enhanced for three-phase inverter parallel operation in droop-controlled AC microgrid by using network-based control, which also benefits for the extension of other control strategies in microgrids (MGs). It is highlighted that some negative factors such as network-induced time-delays and data dropouts would possibly degrade the system operation. In this paper, the comprehensive analysis of network-based control strategy with strong robustness and wide time-scale compatibility is investigated in islanded mode of an AC microgrid with paralleled inverters. The theoretical evaluation towards time-delay and data dropouts is made and it is verified that its good power-sharing can be obtained under unsatisfactory communication conditions. It has been observed that the time-scale of network-based control can also be designed from several microseconds to milliseconds. Based on this idea, the communication integration of different layers of MGs in hierarchical structure would be realistic. Experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the network-based control strategy and analytical method.

Analysis Methodology for Evaluation of Time-Delay Impact on Network-Based System for Droop-Controlled AC Microgrid

Potential performance improvements can be obtained by introducing communication techniques in the power electronic systems. However, network-induced time-delay could bring negative consequences of degrading performance or destabilizing the system in many cases. To investigate and handle the impacts of time-delay, a suit of analytical methodology is proposed, where both delay-insensitive and delay-sensitive control strategies of network-based system have their theoretical methods and different problem-solving paths. The former is to predict the maximum allowable boundaries of time-delay for releasing more network resources, and the latter is to use the controller-altering method for changing its original instability, respectively. The proposed methodology is concretely applied in network-based system of droop-controlled AC (Alternating Current) microgrid in islanded mode. Two different current-sharing strategies are mathematically analyzed and given to verify their validity. Experimental results also show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in droop-controlled AC microgrid system, which provides theoretical guidance on how to use network-based control for the other power electronic systems.

Transmission Scheduling Schemes of Industrial Wireless Sensors for Heterogeneous Multiple Control Systems

The transmission scheduling scheme of wireless networks for industrial control systems is a crucial design component since it directly affects the stability of networked control systems. In this paper, we propose a novel transmission scheduling framework to guarantee the stability of heterogeneous multiple control systems over unreliable wireless channels. Based on the explicit control stability conditions, a constrained optimization problem is proposed to maximize the minimum slack of the stability constraint for the heterogeneous control systems. We propose three transmission scheduling schemes, namely centralized stationary random access, distributed random access, and Lyapunov-based scheduling scheme, to solve the constrained optimization problem with a low computation cost. The three proposed transmission scheduling schemes were evaluated on heterogeneous multiple control systems with different link conditions. One interesting finding is that the proposed centralized Lyapunov-based approach provides almost ideal performance in the context of control stability. Furthermore, the distributed random access is still useful for the small number of links since it also reduces the operational overhead without significantly sacrificing the control performance.

Stability Analysis of Networked Control Systems With Aperiodic Sampling and Time-Varying Delay

This paper addresses the stability of networked control systems with aperiodic sampling and time-varying network-induced delay. The sampling intervals are assumed to vary within a known interval. The transmission delay is assumed to belong to a given interval. The closed-loop system is first converted to a discrete-time system with multiple time-varying delays and norm-bounded uncertainties resulting from the variation of the sampling intervals. And then, it is transformed into a delay-free system being form of an interconnection of two subsystems. By utilizing scaled small gain theorem, an asymptotic stability criterion for the closed-loop system is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequality. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its advantages over existing methods.

New Results on Stability and Stabilization of Networked Control Systems With Short Time-Varying Delay

New stability criteria and stabilization methods on networked control systems (NCSs) with short time-varying delay (STVD) are proposed in this paper. An NCS with STVD is transformed into a time-varying discrete time system. And then, this discrete time system is converted into a equivalent time-invariant system with norm-bounded uncertainties by using robust control techniques. Using this method, the conservatism of the stability condition caused by STVD can be reduced. Based on that, a single norm-bounded uncertainty is replaced by N norm-bounded uncertainties to further reduce conservatism. Theoretical analysis shows that when N is increased, the stability condition becomes less conservative. For a fixed sampling period, the obtained stability conditions explicitly depend on the upper and lower bounds of the time delay. The existence condition and design method for the controllers are also presented. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Asynchronous update based networked predictive control system using a novel proactive compensation strategy

Networked predictive control system (NPCS) has been proposed to address random delays and data dropouts in networked control systems (NCSs). A remaining challenge of this approach is that the controller has uncertain information about the actual control inputs, which leads to the predicted control input errors. The main contribution of this paper is to develop an explicit mechanism running in the distributed network nodes asynchronously, which enables the controller node to keep informed of the states of the actuator node without a priori knowledge about the network. Based on this mechanism, a novel proactive compensation strategy is proposed to develop asynchronous update based networked predictive control system (AUBNPCS). The stability criterion of AUBNPCS is derived analytically. A simulation experiment based on Truetime demonstrates the effectiveness of the scheme.

Synchronization of Neural Networks With Control Packet Loss and Time-Varying Delay via Stochastic Sampled-Data Controller

This paper addresses the problem of exponential synchronization of neural networks with time-varying delays. A sampled-data controller with stochastically varying sampling intervals is considered. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that the control packet loss from the controller to the actuator is considered, which may occur in many real-world situations. Sufficient conditions for the exponential synchronization in the mean square sense are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by constructing a proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional that involves more information about the delay bounds and by employing some inequality techniques. Moreover, the obtained LMIs can be easily checked for their feasibility through any of the available MATLAB tool boxes. Numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical results.

Adaptive sampling rate control for networked systems based on statistical characteristics of packet disordering

This paper investigates an adaptive sampling rate control scheme for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to packet disordering. The main objectives of the proposed scheme are (a) to avoid heavy packet disordering existing in communication networks and (b) to stabilize NCSs with packet disordering, transmission delay and packet loss. First, a novel sampling rate control algorithm based on statistical characteristics of disordering entropy is proposed; secondly, an augmented closed-loop NCS that consists of a plant, a sampler and a state-feedback controller is transformed into an uncertain and stochastic system, which facilitates the controller design. Then, a sufficient condition for stochastic stability in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) is given. Moreover, an adaptive tracking controller is designed such that the sampling period tracks a desired sampling period, which represents a significant contribution. Finally, experimental results are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed scheme.

Further improved stability criteria for uncertain T-S fuzzy systems with interval time-varying delay by delay-partitioning approach

This paper focuses on further improved stability criteria for uncertain T-S fuzzy systems with interval time-varying delay by a delay-partitioning approach. A modified augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is established by partitioning the delay in all integral terms. Then some tighter bounding inequalities, i.e., Peng-Park׳s integral inequality (reciprocally convex approach) and the Free-Matrix-Based integral inequality (which yields less conservative stability criteria than the use of Wirtinger-based inequality does) are introduced to reduce the enlargement in bounding the derivative of LKF as much as possible, therefore, less conservative results can be expected in terms of es and LMIs. Finally, a numerical example is included to show that the proposed methods are less conservative than existing ones.

Improved stabilization method for networked control systems with variable transmission delays and packet dropout

This paper investigates the problem of stability analysis and stabilization for networked control systems with the network-induced delay and data dropout. In order to obtain less conservative results, a novel augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is introduced and new free-weighting matrices are employed to make some extra degrees of freedom in the sufficient stabilizability condition. The gain of the memoryless state-feedback controller is computed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Illustrative examples are given to verify the applicability and outperformance of the proposed method compared to the existing approaches in the literature.

Improved stabilization method for Lurie networked control systems

The problem of stabilization of Lurie networked control systems (NCSs) is investigated in this paper. The network-induced delays in NCSs are assumed to be time-varying and bounded. By utilizing a reciprocally convex technique to consider the relationship between the network-induced delay and its varying interval, a new absolute stability condition is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the obtained condition, an improved cone complementary linearisation (CCL) iteration algorithm is presented to design a state feedback controller. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical example.

Joint Design of Transmission Rate and Control for Wireless Sensor Networked Control Systems

This paper is concerned with transmission rate and control codesign of wireless sensor networked control systems (WSNCS) with time-varying delay. Jointly designing transmission rate and control is an attractive paradigm for WSNCS, since the control performance of WSNCS is highly sensitive to resource-constrained communication networks. The main idea of devised scheme is searching an optimal event-triggered transmission condition on the premise that wireless link capacity constraint is satisfied and stability of systems is guaranteed. The main aim of devised scheme is to greatly optimize control performance of WSNCS. First, two wireless network architectures characterized by multihop and star topology are put forward. Secondly, a model of WSNCS with event-triggered transmission mechanism is constructed. It is followed by stability analysis of WSNCS to obtain the asymptotical stability condition of systems. And then a search algorithm is presented for transmission rate and control codesign. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Event-triggered control design of linear networked systems with quantizations

This paper is concerned with the control design problem of event-triggered networked systems with both state and control input quantizations. Firstly, an innovative delay system model is proposed that describes the network conditions, state and control input quantizations, and event-triggering mechanism in a unified framework. Secondly, based on this model, the criteria for the asymptotical stability analysis and control synthesis of event-triggered networked control systems are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

One-step receding horizon H(∞) control for networked control systems with random delay and packet disordering

The receding horizon H(∞) control (RHHC) problem is investigated in this paper for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with random delay and packet disordering. A new model is proposed to describe the NCS with random delay which may be larger than one sampling period. The random delay is modeled as a Markov chain while the closed-loop system is described as a Markovian jump system. Sufficient conditions for the closed-loop NCS to be stochastically stable and the performance index to be upper bounded are derived by using the receding optimization principle. Furthermore, by solving a semi-definite programming (SDP) with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) constraint, a piecewise-constant receding horizon H(∞) controller is obtained, and the designed piecewise-constant controller ensures that the closed-loop NCS achieves a prescribed H(∞) disturbance attenuation level. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Observer-based H(infinity) control for networked nonlinear systems with random packet losses

This paper investigates the observer-based H(infinity) control problem of networked nonlinear systems with global Lipschitz nonlinearities and random communication packet losses. The random packet loss is modelled as a Bernoulli distributed white sequence with a known conditional probability distribution. In the presence of random packet losses, sufficient conditions for the existence of an observer-based feedback controller are derived, such that the closed-loop networked nonlinear system is exponentially stable in the mean-square sense, and a prescribed H(infinity) disturbance-rejection-attenuation performance is also achieved. Then a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach for designing such an observer-based H(infinity) controller is presented. Finally, a simulation example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.