Visual Cue Based Corrective Feedback for Motor Skill Training in Mixed Reality: A Survey

Augmented reality-based radial and lateral motion stimuli alter aiming performance in dart throwing

This study used an augmented reality (AR) head-mounted display to generate three-dimensional (3D) perceived motions involving optic flow and evaluated their effects on aiming motor skill in dart throwing. The motions were generated by random white spheres moving in 3D space. Six motion patterns were assessed: random, lateral, radial expansion, radial contraction, combined random and radial expansion, and diagonal radial expansion. The effects of these motion patterns on aiming accuracy were compared to a control condition lacking sphere motions. We observed significant effects of radial expansion and contraction motions, as well as lateral motion, but not of the other motions. The radial expansion and lateral motions biased the dart positions, whereas the radial contraction motion reduced lateral variance. These findings imply that AR-based perceived motion has the potential to enhance motor skills by reducing error and variance. Therefore, although other types of motion may also exert effects, this study provides a basis for further research on AR-based illusions of motion perception.

Basketball free-throw training with augmented reality-based optimal shot trajectory for novice shooters

We propose an augmented reality (AR)-based training system for basketball free-throws. The optimal shot trajectory for free-throws is projected by a head-mounted display according to the shooter's release point. The efficacy of the training system was assessed in novice shooters by comparing changes in success rates and eye-gaze behavior (quiet eye [QE]) between AR-training and control-training groups. The success rate during the AR training with the optimal trajectory did not differ from the pre-training rate; however, in post-AR training, i.e., after removal of the optimal trajectory, the success rate increased. Additionally, AR training increased the QE duration (QED) compared with that recorded during pre- and post-training blocks. In contrast, the control group showed no change in the success rate or QED. These findings imply that our AR training system affected QE behavior and improved free-throwing shooting performance after training. Thus, our system is expected to enhance basketball free-throw shooting performance.