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Lai CH, Lin YS, Wang CM, Chang PC, Shia WY. A Novel 16S rRNA PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Assay to Accurately Distinguish Zoonotic Capnocytophaga canimorsus and C. cynodegmi. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0291622. [PMID: 37195221 PMCID: PMC10269634 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02916-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic bacteria Capnocytophaga canimorsus and C. cynodegmi, the predominant Capnocytophaga species in the canine oral biota, can cause human local wound infections or lethal sepsis, usually transmitted through dog bites. Molecular surveying of these Capnocytophaga species using conventional 16S rRNA-based PCR is not always accurate due to their high genetic homogeneity. In this study, we isolated Capnocytophaga spp. from the canine oral cavity and identified them using 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analysis. A novel 16S rRNA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was designed based on our isolates and validated using published C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi 16S rRNA sequences. The results showed that 51% of dogs carried Capnocytophaga spp. Among these, C. cynodegmi (47/98, 48%) was the predominant isolated species along with one strain of C. canimorsus (1/98, 1%). Alignment analysis of 16S rRNA sequences revealed specific site nucleotide diversity in 23% (11/47) of the C. cynodegmi isolates, which were misidentified as C. canimorsus using previously reported species-specific PCR. Four RFLP types could be classified from all the isolated Capnocytophaga strains. The proposed method demonstrates superior resolution in distinguishing C. cynodegmi (with site-specific polymorphism) from C. canimorsus and especially in distinguishing C. canimorsus from other Capnocytophaga species. After in silico validation, this method was revealed to have an overall detection accuracy of 84%; notably, accuracy reached 100% in C. canimorsus strains isolated from human patients. Overall, the proposed method is a useful molecular tool for the epidemiological study of Capnocytophaga in small animals and for the rapid diagnosis of human C. canimorsus infections. IMPORTANCE With the increased number of small animal breeding populations, zoonotic infections associated with small animals need to be taken more seriously. Capnocytophaga canimorsus and C. cynodegmi are part of common biota in the mouths of small animals and can cause human infections through bites or scratches. In this study, C. cynodegmi with site-specific 16S rRNA sequence polymorphisms was erroneously identified as C. canimorsus during the investigation of canine Capnocytophaga by conventional PCR. Consequently, the prevalence of C. canimorsus is incorrectly overestimated in epidemiological studies in small animals. We designed a new 16S rRNA PCR-RFLP method to accurately distinguish zoonotic C. canimorsus from C. cynodegmi. After validation against published Capnocytophaga strains, this novel molecular method had high accuracy and could detect 100% of C. canimorsus-strain infections in humans. This novel method can be used for epidemiological studies and the diagnosis of human Capnocytophaga infection following exposure to small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sin Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Poa-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yau Shia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Shinohara K, Tsuchido Y, Suzuki M, Yamamoto K, Okuzawa Y, Imaoka K, Shimizu T. Putative Novel Species of Genus Capnocytophaga, Capnocytophaga stomatis Bacteremia in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma after Direct Contact with a Cat. Intern Med 2022; 61:2233-2237. [PMID: 35283374 PMCID: PMC9381356 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7947-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga species are among the typical zoonotic pathogens causing infections following direct contact with animals. Recently, a putative novel species of zoonotic Capnocytophaga, Capnocytophaga stomatis, was reported. We herein report the first case of bacteremia caused by C. stomatis. A woman in her 80s with multiple myeloma who was receiving bortezomib and dexamethasone therapy was admitted to our hospital with a 2-day history of a fever and right calf redness. She was often licked by her cat. On a blood culture, thin, Gram-negative rods were detected, which were identified as C. stomatis by whole-genome sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with ampicillin-sulbactam treatment. Our case highlights the pathogenic potential of the putative novel Capnocytophaga, C. stomatis, in immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Shinohara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto City Hospital, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsuchido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Imaoka
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
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Fernández-vecilla D, Ugalde-zárraga E, Urrutikoetxea-gutiérrez MJ, Calvo-muro FE. Capnocytophaga canis, una causa poco común de infección causada por gatos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fernández Vecilla D, Ugalde Zarraga E, Urrutikoechea-Gutiérrez MJ, Renzi F, Díaz de Tuesta del Arco JL. Cellulitis and transient bacteremia by Capnocytophaga canis after a cat scratch in an immunocompetent patient. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000352. [PMID: 36003357 PMCID: PMC9394537 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canis is still a rare cause of infection. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient admited in the hospital with functional impotence, pain and erythema in his left leg after suffering two scratches from his cat 48 h ago. After obtaining blood and wound cultures, broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with intravenous amoxicillin clavulanate was initiated. After 1 day and with a clear improvement of the symptoms the patient was discharged from the hospital with cellulitis and transient bacteremia as diagnosis and completing 1 week of antimicrobial therapy orally. After 80 and 92 h of incubation, both anaerobic flasks were positive. In the Gram-stain Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria could be observed. Despite subculturing in brucella blood agar, tripticase soy agar with 5 % of sheep blood and chocolate agar, in both anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions, the strain could not be recovered. However, these Gram-negative rods could be identified as C. canis by 16S rRNA sequencing, Capsular typing was performed to study the strain, but none of the studied capsule-types tested positive. C. canis is still a rare cause of human infection, but it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of infections related to bites, scratches and licks from dogs or cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesco Renzi
- University of Namur, Department of Biology, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Reizine F, Picard L, Piau C, Tadié J. Purpura fulminans. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12423. [PMID: 33969348 PMCID: PMC8087933 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reizine
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care UnitUniversity Hospital of RennesRennesFrance
- University of RennesRennesFrance
| | - Lea Picard
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care UnitUniversity Hospital of RennesRennesFrance
- University of RennesRennesFrance
| | - Caroline Piau
- Department of BacteriologyUniversity Hospital of RennesRennesFrance
| | - Jean‐Marc Tadié
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care UnitUniversity Hospital of RennesRennesFrance
- University of RennesRennesFrance
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Abstract
Infection by Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus), a Gram-negative rod found in the normal oral flora of canine and feline species and transmitted through bites or scratches, is a rare phenomenon. Infections most commonly occur in alcoholics and immunocompromised patients. In this report, we describe the case of a middle-aged male with a history of alcohol abuse who presented with septic shock and multisystem organ failure following a suspected dog bite. The patient was a 59-year-old Caucasian male with alcohol abuse disorder who initially presented with encephalopathy and lethargy. The patient had scratches and multiple healing wounds, with a mottled appearance on his extremities. According to his wife, the patient had been playing aggressively with his dog at home. On admission, he was febrile, tachycardic, and saturating in the 80s on ambient air. His extremities rapidly developed diffuse purpura and dry gangrene of all digits along with the tip of his nose and genitals. The patient developed septic shock and multisystem organ failure. Blood cultures initially grew Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods for which broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated. Follow-up blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus and the antibiotic regimen was adjusted accordingly. His condition continued to deteriorate. His family opted for comfort measures only and he died soon after. Common sequelae of C. canimorsus infection include septic shock with multisystem organ failure, disseminated purpuric lesions, hypotension, encephalopathy, and acute renal failure. As seen in our patient, C. canimorsus infection should be considered in such patients, particularly if there is a recent history of an animal bite. Prompt initiation of appropriate treatment is essential to improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle-Ashley Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Nicholas Abourizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Kinjal P Gadhiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Panupong Hansrivijit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - John D Goldman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
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Abstract
Background Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a facultative anaerobic, slow-growing, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacillus, that is commonly found in the microflora of canine and feline oral cavities. Capnocytophaga infections are an emerging zoonotic disease that can cause fatal systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Localized ocular Capnocytophaga infections, including keratitis, blepharitis, and endophthalmitis, can lead to severe eye threatening situations. To our knowledge, there is currently no documented case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus blebitis with bleb perforation after trabeculectomy. Case presentation Our case report and literature review features a novel case of Capnocytophaga blebitis that occurred after trabeculectomy, associated with close dog contact (i.e. face licking). The patient had underwent trabeculectomy 10 years prior and presented with conjunctival injection, perforated bleb, and hypotony. Overall, patient was medically treated subconjunctival vancomycin, gentamicin and moxifloxacin drops. Trabeculectomy revision was performed with good visual outcome. Bacterial cultures grew Capnocytophaga canimorsus. Conclusions We discuss the strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and common risk factors for ocular Capnocytophaga infections. At-risk patients with ocular infections should be asked about close contact with dogs and cats; and treated promptly with the proper antibiotic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - John Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sameh Mosaed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Suzuki M, Umeda K, Kimura M, Imaoka K, Morikawa S, Maeda K. Capnocytophaga felis sp. nov. isolated from the feline oral cavity. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3355-3360. [PMID: 32375938 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four strains, KC07070T, KC07105, 11 025B-8C and 11 026B-8-C, were isolated from the oral cavity of cats in 2007 or 2011 in Japan. These strains were Gram-stain-negative rods, exhibited gliding motility, grew in air with 5 % CO2 and showed catalase and oxidase activity. The sequences of 16S rRNA genes of the four strains were 100 % identical. Additionally, the sequences of 16S rRNA genes of KC07070T had identity to those of the type strains of Capnocytophaga canimorsus (97.7 %), Capnocytophaga cynodegmi (97.8 %) and Capnocytophaga canis (97.4 %) and 91.2-93.8% identity to those of other species of the genus Capnocytophaga. The major cellular fatty acids of KC07070T were iso-C15 : 0 (56.2 %) and summed feature 11 (14.9 %). The G+C content of the DNA from KC07070T was 35.6 mol%, and the genome size was 2.88 Mbp. KC07070T had digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 26.2-27.6% and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 75.4-83.3 % to the type strains of the closest relatives, C. canimorsus, C. cynodegmi and C. canis. These results of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, cellular fatty acids compositions and dDDH and ANI values indicate that strain KC07070T represents a novel species, for which we propose the name Capnocytophaga felis sp. nov., with type strain KC07070T (=JCM 32681T=DSM 107251T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kaoru Umeda
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 543-0026, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kimura
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Koichi Imaoka
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Donner V, Buzzi M, Lazarevic V, Gaïa N, Girard M, Renzi F, Renzi G, Cherkaoui A, Schrenzel J. Septic shock caused by Capnocytophaga canis after a cat scratch. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1993-1995. [PMID: 32447536 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canis is an uncommon cause of septic shock. Only three cases have been previously reported in the literature. In this article, we describe the case of a 70-year-old male admitted to the intensive care unit for septic shock of unknown origin. On day 2, one anaerobic bottle out of the two sets taken at admission turned positive with Gram-negative bacilli. The pathogen was identified by 16S rRNA gene as C. canis. The strain was characterized and compared with other clinical isolates of Capnocytophaga spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Donner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Buzzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Lazarevic
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Gaïa
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Renzi
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Narilis, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Gesuele Renzi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdessalam Cherkaoui
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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