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Eiros R, Barreiro-Pérez M, Martín-García A, Almeida J, Villacorta E, Pérez-Pons A, Merchán S, Torres-Valle A, Sánchez-Pablo C, González-Calle D, Pérez-Escurza O, Toranzo I, Díaz-Peláez E, Fuentes-Herrero B, Macías-Álvarez L, Oliva-Ariza G, Lecrevisse Q, Fluxa R, Bravo-Grande JL, Orfao A, Sánchez PL. Pericardial and myocardial involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross-sectional descriptive study in healthcare workers. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 75:734-746. [PMID: 34866030 PMCID: PMC8570413 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and objectives The cardiac sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are still poorly documented. We conducted a cross-sectional study in healthcare workers to report evidence of pericardial and myocardial involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We studied 139 healthcare workers with confirmed past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants underwent clinical assessment, electrocardiography, and laboratory tests, including immune cell profiling and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Clinically suspected pericarditis was diagnosed when classic criteria were present and clinically suspected myocarditis was based on the combination of at least 2 CMR criteria. Results Median age was 52 (41-57) years, 71.9% were women, and 16.5% were previously hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia. On examination (10.4 [9.3-11.0] weeks after infection-like symptoms), participants showed hemodynamic stability. Chest pain, dyspnea or palpitations were present in 41.7% participants, electrocardiographic abnormalities in 49.6%, NT-proBNP elevation in 7.9%, troponin in 0.7%, and CMR abnormalities in 60.4%. A total of 30.9% participants met criteria for either pericarditis and/or myocarditis: isolated pericarditis was diagnosed in 5.8%, myopericarditis in 7.9%, and isolated myocarditis in 17.3%. Most participants (73.2%) showed altered immune cell counts in blood, particularly decreased eosinophil (27.3%; P < .001) and increased cytotoxic T cell numbers (17.3%; P < .001). Clinically suspected pericarditis was associated (P < .005) with particularly elevated cytotoxic T cells and decreased eosinophil counts, while participants diagnosed with clinically suspected myopericarditis or myocarditis had lower (P < .05) neutrophil counts, natural killer-cells, and plasma cells. Conclusions Pericardial and myocardial involvement with clinical stability are frequent after SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with specific immune cell profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Eiros
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Barreiro-Pérez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-García
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julia Almeida
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Villacorta
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Pons
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Soraya Merchán
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Torres-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Sánchez-Pablo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - David González-Calle
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oihane Pérez-Escurza
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Toranzo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz-Peláez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes-Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Macías-Álvarez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guillermo Oliva-Ariza
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Quentin Lecrevisse
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Fluxa
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Bravo-Grande
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Citometría, Nucleus - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Sánchez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Barry MA, Arinal F, Talla C, Hedible BG, Sarr FD, Ba IO, Diop B, Dia N, Vray M. Performance of case definitions and clinical predictors for influenza surveillance among patients followed in a rural cohort in Senegal. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33413174 PMCID: PMC7790019 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. However, a lack of epidemiological data remains for this pathology, and the performances of the influenza-like illness (ILI) case definitions used for sentinel surveillance have never been evaluated in Senegal. This study aimed to i) assess the performance of three different ILI case definitions, adopted by the WHO, USA-CDC (CDC) and European-CDC (ECDC) and ii) identify clinical factors associated with a positive diagnosis for Influenza in order to develop an algorithm fitted for the Senegalese context. Methods All 657 patients with a febrile pathological episode (FPE) between January 2013 and December 2016 were followed in a cohort study in two rural villages in Senegal, accounting for 1653 FPE observations with nasopharyngeal sampling and influenza virus screening by rRT-PCR. For each FPE, general characteristics and clinical signs presented by patients were collected. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for the three ILI case definitions were assessed using PCR result as the reference test. Associations between clinical signs and influenza infection were analyzed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Sore throat, arthralgia or myalgia were missing for children under 5 years. Results WHO, CDC and ECDC case definitions had similar sensitivity (81.0%; 95%CI: 77.0–85.0) and NPV (91.0%; 95%CI: 89.0–93.1) while the WHO and CDC ILI case definitions had the highest specificity (52.0%; 95%CI: 49.1–54.5) and PPV (32.0%; 95%CI: 30.0–35.0). These performances varied by age groups. In children < 5 years, the significant predictors of influenza virus infection were cough and nasal discharge. In patients from 5 years, cough, nasal discharge, sore throat and asthenia grade 3 best predicted influenza infection. The addition of “nasal discharge” as a symptom to the WHO case definition decreased sensitivity but increased specificity, particularly in the pediatric population. Conclusion In summary, all three definitions studies (WHO, ECDC & CDC) have similar performance, even by age group. The revised WHO ILI definition could be chosen for surveillance purposes for its simplicity. Symptomatic predictors of influenza virus infection vary according the age group. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05724-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Aliou Barry
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - Florent Arinal
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Boris Gildas Hedible
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Boly Diop
- Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale, Direction de la Prévention, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ndongo Dia
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Pôle de Virologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Muriel Vray
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, Sénégal
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Rystedt K, Harbin NJ, Lindbaek M, Radzeviciene R, Gunnarsson R, Eggertsen R, C. Butler C, van der Velden AW, J. Verheij T, Sundvall PD. Is C-reactive protein associated with influenza A or B in primary care patients with influenza-like illness? A cross-sectional study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2020; 38:447-453. [PMID: 33174788 PMCID: PMC7782939 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1843942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying influenza A or B as cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a challenge due to non-specific symptoms. An accurate, cheap and easy to use biomarker might enhance targeting influenza-specific management in primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate if C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with influenza A or B, confirmed with PCR testing, in patients presenting with ILI. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Primary care in Lithuania, Norway and Sweden. SUBJECTS A total of 277 patients at least 1 year of age consulting primary care with ILI during seasonal influenza epidemics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Capillary blood CRP analysed as a point-of-care test and detection of influenza A or B on nasopharyngeal swabs in adults, and nasal and pharyngeal swabs in children using PCR. RESULTS The prevalence of positive tests for influenza A among patients was 44% (121/277) and the prevalence of influenza B was 21% (58/277). Patients with influenza A infection could not be identified based on CRP concentration. However, increasing CRP concentration in steps of 10 mg/L was associated with a significantly lower risk for influenza B with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.42 (0.25-0.70; p<.001). Signs of more severe symptoms like shortness of breath, sweats or chills and dizziness were associated with higher CRP. CONCLUSIONS There was no association between CRP and influenza A. Increased concentration of CRP was associated with a lower risk for having influenza B, a finding that lacks clinical usefulness. Hence, CRP testing should be avoided in ILI, unless bacterial pneumonia is suspected. Key points Identifying influenza A or B as cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a challenge due to non-specific symptoms. There was no association between concentration of CRP and influenza A. Increased concentration of CRP was associated with a lower risk for having influenza B, a finding that lacks clinical usefulness. A consequence is that CRP testing should be avoided in ILI, unless bacterial pneumonia or similar is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Rystedt
- Region Västra Götaland, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Research and Development Centre Skaraborg, Skövde, Sweden
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Närhälsan Södra Ryd Health Care Centre, Skövde, Sweden
- CONTACT Karin Rystedt Research and Development Unit Primary Health Care Skaraborg, StationsgatanSE-541 30, Sweden
| | - Nicolay Jonassen Harbin
- Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Center for Primary Care, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Lindbaek
- Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Center for Primary Care, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ronny Gunnarsson
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Research and Development Centre Södra Älvsborg, Borås, Sweden
| | - Robert Eggertsen
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Research and Development Centre Göteborg and Södra Bohuslän, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christopher C. Butler
- Department of Primary Care Health Services, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK
| | - Alike W. van der Velden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Verheij
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pär-Daniel Sundvall
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Research and Development Centre Södra Älvsborg, Borås, Sweden
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