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Jiang QH, Li T, Liu Y, Zhou ZY, Yang Y, Wei Y, Yin MZ, Shen J, Yan S. A nano-delivery system expands the insecticidal target of thiamethoxam to include a devastating pest, the fall armyworm. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:803-815. [PMID: 36317674 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano-delivery systems have been applied to deliver various synthetic/botanical pesticides to increase the efficiency of pesticide use and reduce the volumes of pesticides applied. Previous studies have supported the hypothesis that the nanocarriers can help expand the insecticidal target of pesticides to include non-target pests. However, the potential mechanism underlying this interesting phenomenon remains unclear. Herein, a widely applied star polycation (SPc) nanocarrier was synthesized to construct a thiamethoxam (TMX) nano-delivery system. The SPc-based delivery system could promote the translocation of exogenous substances across the membrane of Sf9 cells, increase the cytotoxicity of TMX against Sf9 cells by nearly 20%, and expand the insecticidal target of TMX to include Spodoptera frugiperda (the fall armyworm), with a 27.5% mortality increase at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. Moreover, the RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that the SPc could upregulate various transport-related genes, such as Rab, SORT1, CYTH, and PIKfyve, for the enhanced cellular uptake of TMX. Furthermore, enhanced cell death in larvae treated with the TMX-SPc complex was observed through changes in the expression levels of death-related genes, such as Casp7, BIRC5, MSK1, and PGAM5. The SPc-based nano-delivery system improved the cellular uptake of TMX and expanded its insecticidal target by adjusting the expression levels of death-related genes. The current study mainly identified the transport and cell death genes related to nanocarrier-based insecticidal target expansion, which is beneficial for understanding the bioactivity enhancement of the nano-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Hong Jiang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhou
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Lab of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Guo J, Keegan RM, Rigden DJ, Erskine PT, Wood SP, Li S, Cooper JB. The X-ray structure of juvenile hormone diol kinase from the silkworm Bombyx mori. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2021; 77:465-472. [PMID: 34866602 PMCID: PMC8647211 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x21012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect juvenile hormones (JHs) are a family of sesquiterpenoid molecules that are secreted into the haemolymph. JHs have multiple roles in insect development, metamorphosis and sexual maturation. A number of pesticides work by chemically mimicking JHs, thus preventing insects from developing and reproducing normally. The haemolymph levels of JH are governed by the rates of its biosynthesis and degradation. One enzyme involved in JH catabolism is JH diol kinase (JHDK), which uses ATP (or GTP) to phosphorylate JH diol to JH diol phosphate, which can be excreted. The X-ray structure of JHDK from the silkworm Bombyx mori has been determined at a resolution of 2.0 Å with an R factor of 19.0% and an Rfree of 24.8%. The structure possesses three EF-hand motifs which are occupied by calcium ions. This is in contrast to the recently reported structure of the JHDK-like-2 protein from B. mori (PDB entry 6kth), which possessed only one calcium ion. Since JHDK is known to be inhibited by calcium ions, it is likely that our structure represents the calcium-inhibited form of the enzyme. The electrostatic surface of the protein suggests a binding site for the triphosphate of ATP close to the N-terminal end of the molecule in a cavity between the N- and C-terminal domains. Superposition with a number of calcium-activated photoproteins suggests that there may be parallels between the binding of JH diol to JHDK and the binding of luciferin to aequorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Guo
- Division of Medicine, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan M. Keegan
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technologies Facilities Council, UK Research and Innovation, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Rigden
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter T. Erskine
- Division of Medicine, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P. Wood
- Division of Medicine, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng Li
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jonathan B. Cooper
- Division of Medicine, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
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Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Guo P, Zhao P. Structural characterization and functional analysis of juvenile hormone diol kinase from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:570-577. [PMID: 33249150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is an important enzyme involved in the juvenile hormone metabolism pathway, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of juvenile hormone diol to form the polar metabolite JH diol phosphate. Here, we reported the first crystal structure of insect JHDK from Bombyx mori, BmJHDK-L2, determined at a resolution of 1.22 Å. The structure of BmJHDK-L2 mainly comprises of eight α-helical segments linked with loops, forming four helix-loop-helix motifs. In these four helix-loop-helix motifs with only one calcium ion bound in the first motif. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that BmJHDK-L2 has strong thermal stability, which is independent of the divalent cation. The structure of BmJHDK-L2 further allowed us to define an ATP-binding site using computational simulation and binding assays, providing a structural basis for development of inhibitor of JHDK. Moreover, the expression profile of BmJHDK-L2 indicated a predominant role in juvenile hormone metabolism in the Malpighian tubules of silkworm. Collectively, these findings expand our knowledge regarding the structural and biochemical features of insect JHDK proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yunshi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Pengchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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