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Chamorro F, Otero P, Carpena M, Fraga-Corral M, Echave J, Seyyedi-Mansour S, Cassani L, Prieto MA. Health Benefits of Oily Fish: Illustrated with Blue Shark ( Prionace glauca), Shortfin Mako Shark ( Isurus oxyrinchus), and Swordfish ( Xiphias gladius). Nutrients 2023; 15:4919. [PMID: 38068777 PMCID: PMC10708079 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oily fish is a rich source of energy, proteins, essential amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Among the macronutrients with the highest contribution are lipids, mainly long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Both EPA and DHA play a beneficial role in promoting health and preventing many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and acute myocardial infarction. They also contribute to the prevention of neurological, metabolic, and immune-system-related diseases, as well as supporting body-weight control. Oily fish consumption is also important at different stages of human life, from conception to old age. For example, DHA plays an important role in brain and retina development during fetal development and in the first two years of life, as it positively influences neurodevelopment, such as visual acuity, and cognitive functions. In contrast with the possible health benefits of the intake of oily fish, the presence of certain chemical pollutants, for example, heavy metals, can be a risk for the health of consumers, mainly in sensitive population groups such as pregnant women and children under 2 years of age. The presence of these pollutants is influenced to a greater extent by fish species, their role in the trophic chain, and their size. However, various studies state that the benefits outweigh the risk of consuming certain species. This review will be focused on the health benefits of the intake of three oily fish species, namely blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (F.C.); (P.O.); (M.C.); (M.F.-C.); (J.E.); (S.S.-M.); (L.C.)
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Wang K, Wang Y, Guo L, Zhuo Y, Hua L, Che L, Xu S, Zhang R, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Lin Y, Wu D. Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:123. [PMID: 37798777 PMCID: PMC10557343 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows. Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA, Brazil, and China were selected. In Exp. 1, eight different diets were created: a nitrogen (N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source. Eight non-pregnant, multiparous sows were arranged in an 8 × 8 Latin square design (8 periods and 8 diets). In Exp. 2, the diet formula was the same as in Exp. 1. Eight gestating sows (parity 3) were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4 × 3 Youden square design (three periods and four diets) in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages. RESULTS When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows, the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different (P > 0.05). When fed to mid-gestating sows, the SID values for Arg, His, Lys, Phe, Cys, Gly, Ser, and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5 (P < 0.05), whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4 (P < 0.05). SID values for Ile, Ala, and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5 (P < 0.05). Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys, Ala, and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages (P < 0.05). Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows (P < 0.01), whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS When fed to mid-gestating sows, the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples. The SID values for Lys, Met, Val, Ala, Asp, and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages. Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Aubourg SP. Enhancement of Lipid Stability and Acceptability of Canned Seafood by Addition of Natural Antioxidant Compounds to the Packing Medium-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:245. [PMID: 36829804 PMCID: PMC9952551 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Seafoods are known to include high contents of valuable constituents. However, they are reported to be highly perishable products, whose quality rapidly declines post-mortem, thus demanding efficient processing and storage. Among the traditional technologies, canning represents one of the most important means of marine species preservation. However, owing to the thermal sensitivity of the chemical constituents of marine species, remarkable degradative mechanisms can be produced and lead to important quality losses. The demand for better quality food makes the need for advanced preservation techniques a topic to be addressed continually in the case of seafood. One such strategy is the employment of preservative compounds obtained from natural resources. The current review provides an overview of the research carried out concerning the effect of the addition of bioactive compounds to the packing medium on the thermal stability of canned seafood. This review addresses the preservative effect of polyphenol-rich oils (i.e., extra virgin olive oil) and different kinds of products or extracts obtained from plants, algae and seafood by-products. In agreement with the great incidence of lipid damage on the nutritional and acceptability values during high-temperature seafood processing, this work is especially focussed on the inhibitory effect of lipid oxidation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago P Aubourg
- Marine Research Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), c/E. Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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Wang Y, Li G, Ma X, Xu S, Lin Y, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Zhuo Y, Che L, Wu D. Chemical composition, energy content and apparent total tract digestibility of extruded full fat soybean from different sources fed to non-gestating, gestating and lactating sows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad154. [PMID: 37184114 PMCID: PMC10259247 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and the apparent total tract (ATTD) of nutrients in six extruded full fat soybean (EFSB) samples from different sources fed to non-gestating, gestating and lactating sows. Forty-two non-gestating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity 3 to 5), 42 gestating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity 3 to 5; day 90 of gestation) and 42 lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity 3 to 5; day 6 of lactation) were assigned to seven dietary treatments including a corn-based diet and six diets containing 30.24% EFSB from different sources in a completely randomized design with six replicate sows per dietary treatment. Total fecal and urine collection method was used during non-gestation and gestation, and the index method was used during lactation (0.3% chromic oxide). Differences in the chemical composition of the six EFSB samples from different sources were mainly reflected in ether extract, ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, and vitamin and micro minerals content, with a coefficient of variation ≥8.37%. The potassium hydroxide solubility of the six EFSB samples varied from 66.60% to 85.55%. There were no differences in ATTD of NDF between different EFSB samples. Additionally, there were no differences in ME values and ME/DE ratios between different physiological stages, but ATTD of NDF were higher for non-gestating and gestating sows than lactating sows (P < 0.01). In conclusion, EFSB can be used as a high-quality energy ingredient with high DE and ME values when fed to sows. DE values of EFSB in non-gestating, gestating, and lactating sows were 20.50, 20.70, and 20.02 MJ/kg, respectively, while ME values of EFSB was 19.76 MJ/kg in both non-gestating and gestating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyuan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Wang K, Zou X, Guo L, Huang L, Wang Y, Yang P, Huang L, Ma X, Zhuo Y, Che L, Xu S, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Wu F, Fang Z, Zhao X, Jiang X, Lin Y, Wu D. The nutritive value of soybean meal from different sources for sows during mid- and late gestation. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac298. [PMID: 36104004 PMCID: PMC9667969 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A precise understanding of the nutritive value of soybean meal (SBM) for pregnant sow is required for accurate feeding. Hence, we evaluated the nutritive value of 11 SBM samples from different sources for sows during mid and late gestation. In total, 24 mid-gestating sows (parity three; 230.3 ± 12.0 kg on day 37 of gestation) and 24 late-gestating sows (parity three; 238.8 ± 20.9 kg on day 72 of gestation) were assigned to a replicated 12 × 3 Youden square design with 12 diets and 3 periods. The 12 diets included a corn-based diet and 11 diets containing 25.50% SBMs from different sources. After 5-d adaptation, urine and feces were collected for 5 d. Although the chemical characteristics of SBM varied between samples, no differences were observed in digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, crude fiber, and neutral detergent fiber values in SBMs fed to both animal groups. However, de-hulled SBM 4 from Brazil displayed greater ATTD for nitrogen (N) in late-gestating sows (P < 0.05); animals displayed significantly (P < 0.01) greater ME, ME:DE ratio, and N net utilization values when compared with mid-gestating sows. The chemical composition of SBMs can be used to predict DE and ME values. In conclusion, ME, ME:DE ratio, and N net utilization SBM values for late-gestating sows were greater than in mid-gestating sows. Therefore, we should consider differences in ME values for SBMs when formulating diets for sows in mid and late gestation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liansu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xilun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, and Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
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Karaca AC, Capanoglu E. Canned fish products: Current issues and future perspectives. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Canned fish products are of great economic importance for many countries and are preferred by consumers due to their rich nutritional composition and beneficial health effects. The steps of canning process and formulation vary depending on the species processed and the desired end product. This work is an overview of the current research investigating the effects of canning process, several preprocessing treatments and formulation on the nutritional composition, sensory characteristics and microbial quality of the end product. Key findings of recent studies on health effects and potential risk factors associated with the consumption of canned fish products are presented. Moreover, the global demand for canned fish products is increasing due to the changing consumption behavior and healthy eating habits of consumers after the pandemic. This review summarizes the major challenges that need to be addressed for meeting the increasing demand for canned fish products. Finally, based on the findings of current studies reviewed, the perspectives and research gaps for canned fish products are stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Can Karaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cobas N, Gómez-Limia L, Franco I, Martínez S. Amino acid profile and protein quality related to canning and storage of swordfish packed in different filling media. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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