Association of PPP1R3B polymorphisms with blood lipid and C-reactive protein levels in a Chinese population (PPP1R3B C )

Lipid-Associated GWAS Loci Predict Antiatherogenic Effects of Rosuvastatin in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

We have shown that lipid-associated loci discovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have pleiotropic effects on lipid metabolism, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and CAD risk. Here, we investigated the impact of lipid-associated GWAS loci on the efficacy of rosuvastatin therapy in terms of changes in plasma lipid levels and CIMT. The study comprised 116 CAD patients with hypercholesterolemia. CIMT, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. Genotyping of fifteen lipid-associated GWAS loci was performed by the MassArray-4 System. Linear regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, and rosuvastatin dose was used to estimate the phenotypic effects of polymorphisms, and p-values were calculated through adaptive permutation tests by the PLINK software, v1.9. Over one-year rosuvastatin therapy, a decrease in CIMT was linked to rs1689800, rs4846914, rs12328675, rs55730499, rs9987289, rs11220463, rs16942887, and rs881844 polymorphisms (Pperm < 0.05). TC change was associated with rs55730499, rs11220463, and rs6065906; LDL-C change was linked to the rs55730499, rs1689800, and rs16942887 polymorphisms; and TG change was linked to polymorphisms rs838880 and rs1883025 (Pperm < 0.05). In conclusion, polymorphisms rs1689800, rs55730499, rs11220463, and rs16942887 were found to be predictive markers for multiple antiatherogenic effects of rosuvastatin in CAD patients.

Comprehensive Statistical and Bioinformatics Analysis in the Deciphering of Putative Mechanisms by Which Lipid-Associated GWAS Loci Contribute to Coronary Artery Disease

The study was designed to evaluate putative mechanisms by which lipid-associated loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) using a comprehensive statistical and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 1700 unrelated individuals of Slavic origin from the Central Russia, including 991 CAD patients and 709 healthy controls were examined. Sixteen lipid-associated GWAS loci were selected from European studies and genotyped using the MassArray-4 system. The polymorphisms were associated with plasma lipids such as total cholesterol (rs12328675, rs4846914, rs55730499, and rs838880), LDL-cholesterol (rs3764261, rs55730499, rs1689800, and rs838880), HDL-cholesterol (rs3764261) as well as carotid intima-media thickness/CIMT (rs12328675, rs11220463, and rs1689800). Polymorphisms such as rs4420638 of APOC1 (p = 0.009), rs55730499 of LPA (p = 0.0007), rs3136441 of F2 (p < 0.0001), and rs6065906 of PLTP (p = 0.002) showed significant associations with the risk of CAD, regardless of sex, age, and body mass index. A majority of the observed associations were successfully replicated in large independent cohorts. Bioinformatics analysis allowed establishing (1) phenotype-specific and shared epistatic gene–gene and gene–smoking interactions contributing to all studied cardiovascular phenotypes; (2) lipid-associated GWAS loci might be allele-specific binding sites for transcription factors from gene regulatory networks controlling multifaceted molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis.

Increasing fasting glucose and fasting insulin associated with elevated bone mineral density-evidence from cross-sectional and MR studies

We performed a cross-sectional study using the National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) data and a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study using the GWAS summary statistics from European populations. The T2D-related indices (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), and insulin resistance (IR)) were found to associate with elevated bone mineral density (BMD).

INTRODUCTION

The known associations amongst FPG, FI, IR, and BMD remain inconsistent. This study aims to explore the abovementioned associations by using cross-sectional and MR designs.

METHODS

Data from adults aged ≥ 20 years (n = 7170) in four rounds of the U.S. NHANES (2005-2010 and 2013-2014) were analysed in this cross-sectional study. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses. A two-sample MR study was performed using the genome-wide association study summary statistics obtained from the Meta-analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (n = 108,557) and Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium (n = 32,735) to examine the causality of the FI-BMD association.

RESULTS

Multiple linear regression revealed that FPG was positively associated with the BMDs at the hip, femur neck, and 1st lumbar spine (L1). Multiple logistic regressions revealed that FPG levels were associated with elevated BMDs at the hip and L1, and FI and IR levels were associated with elevated BMD at the hip. Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher hip BMD than those without diabetes. In the MR study, the lumbar spine BMD increased by 0.49 g/cm² (95% confidence interval: 0.01, 0.97) in response to per unit increase in log-transformed FI.

CONCLUSION

Findings from our cross-sectional and MR studies revealed the associations between the studied diabetic indices and BMD measurements in the US and European adults.

Controlling Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PP1 activity and function through interaction with regulatory subunits

Protein phosphatase 1 is a major Ser/Thr protein phosphatase activity in eukaryotic cells. It is composed of a catalytic polypeptide (PP1C), with little substrate specificity, that interacts with a large variety of proteins of diverse structure (regulatory subunits). The diversity of holoenzymes that can be formed explain the multiplicity of cellular functions under the control of this phosphatase. In quite a few cases, regulatory subunits have an inhibitory role, downregulating the activity of the phosphatase. In this chapter we shall introduce PP1C and review the most relevant families of PP1C regulatory subunits, with particular emphasis in describing the structural basis for their interaction.

Association between the PPP1R3B polymorphisms and serum lipid traits, the risk of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke in a southern Chinese Han population

Background

Little is known about the association of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B gene (PPP1R3B) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid levels, the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS) in the Chinese populations. This study detected such association in a Southern Chinese Han population.

Methods

Genotypes of 4 novel PPP1R3B SNPs (rs12785, rs330910, rs330915 and rs9949) in 1704 Han Chinese (CAD, 556; IS, 531 and control, 617) were determined by the Snapshot technology.

Results

The rs12785A and rs9949A allele frequency was higher in both CAD/IS patients than in controls. The rs330910T and rs330915T allele frequency was also higher in CAD patients than in controls. The rs330910T allele carriers in controls had lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels than the rs330910T allele non-carriers (P < 0.0014). The rs12785A, rs9949A and rs330910T allele carriers were associated with an increased risk of CAD (P = 0.008–0.004). There was strong linkage disequilibrium among the 4 SNPs in the controls and CAD/IS patients. The T-A-A-G haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of CAD and IS, whereas the A-A-T-A haplotype was associated with an increased risk for IS. Haplotype-environment interactions on the risk of CAD and IS were also observed.

Conclusions

Several PPP1R3B polymorphisms were associated with serum LDL-C levels, the risk of CAD and IS in the Southern Chinese Han population. But these findings still need to be confirmed in the other populations with larger sample sizes.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-018-0266-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genetic determinants of inherited susceptibility to hypercholesterolemia - a comprehensive literature review

Hypercholesterolemia is a strong determinant of mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular diseases and a major contributor to the global disease burden. Mutations in four genes (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and LDLRAP1) account for the majority of cases with familial hypercholesterolemia. However, a substantial proportion of adults with hypercholesterolemia do not have a mutation in any of these four genes. This indicates the probability of having other genes with a causative or contributory role in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia and suggests a polygenic inheritance of this condition. Here in, we review the recent evidence of association of the genetic variants with hypercholesterolemia and the three lipid traits; total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), their biological pathways and the associated pathogenetic mechanisms. Nearly 80 genes involved in lipid metabolism (encoding structural components of lipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors and related proteins, enzymes, lipid transporters, lipid transfer proteins, and activators or inhibitors of protein function and gene transcription) with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that are recognized to be associated with hypercholesterolemia and serum lipid traits in genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies were identified. In addition, genome-wide association studies in different populations have identified SNVs associated with TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in nearly 120 genes within or in the vicinity of the genes that are not known to be involved in lipid metabolism. Over 90% of the SNVs in both these groups are located outside the coding regions of the genes. These findings indicates that there might be a considerable number of unrecognized processes and mechanisms of lipid homeostasis, which when disrupted, would lead to hypercholesterolemia. Knowledge of these molecular pathways will enable the discovery of novel treatment and preventive methods as well as identify the biochemical and molecular markers for the risk prediction and early detection of this common, yet potentially debilitating condition.