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Zalesak M, Danisovic L, Harsanyi S. Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis-Associated Genes, Cytokines, and Human Leukocyte Antigens. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:815. [PMID: 38792999 PMCID: PMC11123327 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, research has intensified in exploring the genetic basis of psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), including tools like ImmunoChip, have significantly deepened our understanding of disease mechanisms by pinpointing risk-associated genetic loci. These efforts have elucidated biological pathways involved in PsO pathogenesis, particularly those related to the innate immune system, antigen presentation, and adaptive immune responses. Specific genetic loci, such as TRAF3IP2, REL, and FBXL19, have been identified as having a significant impact on disease development. Interestingly, different genetic variants at the same locus can predispose individuals to either PsO or PsA (e.g., IL23R and deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C), with some variants being uniquely linked to PsA (like HLA B27 on chromosome 6). This article aims to summarize known and new data on the genetics of PsO and PsA, their associated genes, and the involvement of the HLA system and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zalesak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.D.)
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.D.)
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie Ivana Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Harsanyi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.D.)
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie Ivana Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
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Fu Z, He Y, Gao L, Tong X, Zhou L, Zeng J. STAT2/Caspase3 in the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13959. [PMID: 36708067 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a classic chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin inflammation and abnormal biological behaviour of keratinocytes. Although Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 2 (STAT2) was found to play an important role in the Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signalling pathway and contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, its exact role in psoriasis remains unclear. METHODS Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified the key pathways that significantly impacted psoriatic lesions. After identifying the critical molecule gene differentially expressed in multiple public databases using the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, clinical samples were collected to validate the gene's significance. Its functions and underlying mechanism were also investigated in vitro. Lastly, we evaluated the diagnostic and therapeutic power of the target gene using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and gene association was assessed using Spearman correlation. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between cysteine-aspartic acid protease3 (Caspase3) and STAT2, and functional enrichment analysis revealed that they were both significantly up-regulated in psoriatic skin lesions compared to non-lesional tissues. Functional analysis revealed that Caspase3 functioned downstream of STAT2 in psoriasis. Lastly, we found that Caspase3 and STAT2 could be potential biomarkers for diagnosing and treating psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, STAT2 overexpression contributes to psoriasis progression by regulating Capase3 phosphorylation to induce excessive apoptosis of keratinocytes. Meanwhile, STAT2 and Capase3 were identified as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis and could be used for individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tong
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wirth T, Balandraud N, Boyer L, Lafforgue P, Pham T. Biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054539. [PMID: 36532039 PMCID: PMC9749424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that frequently develops in patients with psoriasis (PsO) but can also occur spontaneously. As a result, PsA diagnosis and treatment is commonly delayed, or even missed outright due to the manifold of clinical presentations that patients often experience. This inevitably results in progressive articular damage to axial and peripheral joints and entheses. As such, patients with PsA frequently experience reduced expectancy and quality of life due to disability. More recently, research has aimed to improve PsA diagnosis and prognosis by identifying novel disease biomarkers. Methods Here, we conducted a systematic review of the published literature on candidate biomarkers for PsA diagnosis and prognosis in MEDLINE(Pubmed), EMBase and the Cochrane library with the goal to identify clinically applicable PsA biomarkers. Meta-analyses were performed when a diagnostic bone and cartilage turnover biomarker was reported in 2 or moredifferent cohorts of PsA and control. Results We identified 1444 publications and 124 studies met eligibility criteria. We highlighted bone and cartilage turnover biomarkers, genetic markers, and autoantibodies used for diagnostic purposes of PsA, as well as acute phase reactant markers and bone and cartilage turnover biomarkers for activity or prognostic severity purposes. Serum cartilage oligometrix metalloproteinase levels were significantly increased in the PsA sera compared to Healthy Control (HC) with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 2.305 (95%CI 0.795-3.816, p=0.003) and compared to osteoarthritis (OA) with a SMD of 0.783 (95%CI 0.015-1.551, p=0.046). The pooled serum MMP-3 levels were significantly higher in PsA patients than in PsO patients with a SMD of 0.419 (95%CI 0.119-0.719; p=0.006), but no significant difference was highlighted when PsA were compared to HC. While we did not identify any new genetic biomarkers that would be useful in the diagnosis of PsA, recent data with autoantibodies appear to be promising in diagnosis, but no replication studies have been published. Conclusion In summary, no specific diagnostic biomarkers for PsA were identified and further studies are needed to assess the performance of potential biomarkers that can distinguish PsA from OA and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Wirth
- Rheumatology Department, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France,*Correspondence: Theo Wirth,
| | - Nathalie Balandraud
- Rheumatology Department, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France,Autoimmune Arthritis Laboratory, INSERM UMRs1097, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- School of Medicine, EA 3279, CEReSS, Research Center on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Lafforgue
- Rheumatology Department, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Thao Pham
- Rheumatology Department, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France
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De Benedittis G, Latini A, Conigliaro P, Triggianese P, Bergamini A, Novelli L, Ciccacci C, Chimenti MS, Borgiani P. A multilocus genetic study evidences the association of autoimmune-related genes with Psoriatic Arthritis in Italian patients. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li Y, Guo J, Cao Z, Wu J. Causal Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Psoriasis: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916645. [PMID: 35757704 PMCID: PMC9226443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observational studies have found an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis. Using the mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we aim to determine whether there was a causal association between IBD and psoriasis. Methods We performed a two-sample MR with the genetic instruments identified for IBD and its main subtypes, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 25,042 cases with an IBD diagnosis and 34,915 controls. Summarized data for psoriasis were obtained from different GWAS studies which included 4510 cases and 212,242 controls without psoriasis. Causal estimates are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The overall outcome of MR analysis was to demonstrate that genetic predisposition to IBD was associated with an increased risk of psoriasis (OR: 1.1271; 95% CI: 1.0708 to 1.1864). Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) had a significant association with total IBD (OR: 1.1202; 95% CI: 1.0491 to 1.1961). Casual relationship was also identified for CD-psoriasis (OR: 1.1552; 95% CI: 1.0955 to 1.2182) and CD-PsA (OR: 1.1407; 95% CI: 1.0535 to 1.2350). The bidirectional analysis did not demonstrate that a genetic predisposition to psoriasis was associated with total IBD, although psoriasis showed association with CD (OR: 1.2224; 95% CI: 1.1710 to 1.2760) but not with UC. A genetic predisposition to PsA had a borderline association with IBD (OR: 1.0716; 95% CI: 1.0292 to 1.1157) and a suggestive association with CD (OR: 1.0667; 95% CI: 1.0194 to 1.1162). Conclusion There appears to be a causal relationship between IBD and psoriasis, especially for PsA, but for psoriasis and IBD, only total psoriasis and PsA were associated with CD. Understanding that specific types of psoriasis and IBD constitute mutual risk factors facilitates the clinical management of two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqin Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhuang Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Laborde CM, Larzabal L, González-Cantero Á, Castro-Santos P, Díaz-Peña R. Advances of Genomic Medicine in Psoriatic Arthritis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010035. [PMID: 35055350 PMCID: PMC8780979 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common type of inflammatory arthritis found in up to 40% of patients with psoriasis. Although early diagnosis is important for reducing the risk of irreversible structural damage, there are no adequate screening tools for this purpose, and there are no clear markers of predisposition to the disease. Much evidence indicates that PsA disorder is complex and heterogeneous, where genetic and environmental factors converge to trigger inflammatory events and the development of the disease. Nevertheless, the etiologic events that underlie PsA are complex and not completely understood. In this review, we describe the existing data in PsA in order to highlight the need for further research in this disease to progress in the knowledge of its pathobiology and to obtain early diagnosis tools for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Álvaro González-Cantero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Castro-Santos
- Immunology, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-981-955-073
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The Genetics of Spondyloarthritis. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040151. [PMID: 33023259 PMCID: PMC7711559 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The term spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a group of chronic inflammatory diseases with common features in terms of clinical presentation and genetic predisposition. SpA is characterized by inflammation of the spine and peripheral joints, and is also be associated with extra-articular inflammatory manifestations such as psoriasis, uveitis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The etiology of SpA is not completely understood, but it is known to have a strong genetic component dominated by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27. In the last few years, our understanding of genetic susceptibility to SpA, particularly ankylosing spondylitis (AS), has greatly improved thanks to the findings derived from powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. These studies have identified many candidate genes, therefore providing new potential directions in the exploration of disease mechanisms, especially with regard to the key role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of SpA. SpA is a complex disease where genetic variability, environmental factors, and random events interact to trigger pathological pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize current findings on the genetics of SpA, some of which might help to study new treatment approaches.
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