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Linden-Carmichael AN, Calhoun BH. Measuring subjective alcohol effects in daily life using contemporary young adult language. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:151-158. [PMID: 33591776 PMCID: PMC8375683 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Young adults' subjective feelings of alcohol's effects are a key predictor of engagement in risky behavior such as deciding whether to drive after drinking. To best inform prevention messaging and tailor intervention techniques that target high-risk drinking, it is critical that our measurement best captures subjective feelings. Standard sliding scales (0-100 rating of, "how drunk do you feel?") may have some challenges with distinguishing between levels of subjective responses to alcohol. The current daily diary study compared the utility of the standard sliding scale to a newly developed sliding scale that uses contemporary, crowd-sourced language from young adults as evenly spaced anchors (slightly buzzed, tipsy/"happy," drunk, and wasted) along a continuum of subjective effects of alcohol. Participants were 154 young adult substance users (58% women) who completed up to 14 consecutive daily reports of their substance use behavior. The four-anchored sliding scale performed similarly well as the standard scale in predicting alcohol use outcomes while showing the advantages of recording higher mean values/standard deviations and demonstrating that participants used the anchors to denote varying degrees of subjective effects. Findings suggest that the four-anchored subjective alcohol effects sliding scale is a viable alternative to the standard scale. By providing evenly spaced anchors that reflect incremental differences in language young adults use to describe their subjective states, the proposed scale may provide a guide for participants to indicate how they feel after drinking and may better capture variability in alcohol's effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Linden-Carmichael
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Brian H Calhoun
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
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Palamar JJ, Rutherford C, Cleland CM, Keyes KM. Concerts, bars, parties, and raves: Differential risk for drug use among high school seniors according to venue attendance. Subst Abuse 2022; 43:785-791. [PMID: 35113010 PMCID: PMC8924769 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.2010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nightlife attendance is an established risk factor for drug use, but studies have not focused on adolescent general population samples or compared risk according to type(s) of venues attended. We examined whether attendance of various types of venues was associated with drug use. Methods: Data were examined from an annual nationally representative survey of high school seniors in the US (2014-2019, N = 11,565). We determined whether past-year attendance of parties, concerts, bars or nightclubs, and raves or dance music events was associated with past-year drug use using mixed-effects logistic regression. Mall and movie attendance were examined as negative controls. Results: Compared to those who reported not attending specific venues, attending parties was associated with higher odds of using alcohol in particular (aOR = 5.03, 95% CI: 3.92-6.44). Attending concerts was associated with higher odds for use of alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy, and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and opioids. All drugs examined were concentrated among those who attend bars, nightclubs, raves, and dance parties. Rave or dance party attendance was associated with higher odds for use of ecstasy (aOR = 3.71, 95% CI: 2.50-5.50) and methamphetamine (aOR = 4.92, 95% CI: 2.43-9.96) in particular, and bar or nightclub attendance was associated with higher odds of use of cocaine (aOR = 6.49, 95% CI: 4.37-9.63), ecstasy (aOR = 6.49, 95% CI: 4.54-9.27), and methamphetamine (aOR = 5.49, 95% CI: 2.57-11.72) in particular. Attending movies was associated with lower odds for use of cocaine and nonmedical prescription stimulant use. Conclusion: We determined differential risk of drug use depending on types of venues attended by adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Palamar
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Rutherford
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M. Cleland
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Köchling J, Geis B, Chao CM, Dieks JK, Wirth S, Hensel KO. The hazardous (mis)perception of Self-estimated Alcohol intoxication and Fitness to drivE-an avoidable health risk: the SAFE randomised trial. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:122. [PMID: 34872586 PMCID: PMC8650558 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, alcohol-related road traffic accidents represent a major avoidable health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of self-estimating the degree of acute alcohol intoxication regarding the legal driving limit, and to identify risk factors for misjudgement. METHODS In this prospective randomised controlled crossover trial, 90 social drinkers (mean age 23.9 ± 3.5 years, 50% female) consumed either beer or wine. Study group subjects were made aware when exceeding the legal driving limit (BrAC = 0.05%). Controls received no information about their BrAC. For crossover, beer or wine were consumed in the opposite order. RESULTS 39-53% of all participants exceeded the legal driving limit whilst under the impression to be still permitted to drive. Self-estimation was significantly more accurate on study day 2 (p = 0.009). Increasing BrAC positively correlated with self-estimation inaccuracy, which was reproducible during crossover. Multiple regression analysis revealed fast drinking and higher alcohol levels as independent risk factors for inaccurate self-estimation. CONCLUSIONS Social drinkers are commonly unaware of exceeding the legal driving limit when consuming alcohol. Self-estimating alcohol intoxication can be improved through awareness. Dedicated awareness programs, social media campaigns and government advice communications should be utilised to address this avoidable hazard. Trial registration The trial was registered prospectively at the Witten/Herdecke University Ethics Committee (trial registration number 140/2016 on 04/11/2016) and at the DRKS-German Clinical Trials Register (trial registration number DRKS00015285 on 08/22/2018-Retrospectively registered). Trial protocol can be accessed online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Köchling
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Berit Geis
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology (IMBE), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- University Medical Center Rostock, Department of Paediatrics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jana-K Dieks
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirth
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Kai O Hensel
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. .,Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Chaney BH, Martin RJ, Barry AE, Lee JGL, Cremeens-Matthews J, Stellefson ML. Pregaming: A Field-Based Investigation of Alcohol Quantities Consumed Prior to Visiting a Bar and Restaurant District. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1017-1023. [PMID: 30614346 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1558252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations examining the association between pregaming, or the consumption of alcohol prior to attending a social gathering or drinking establishment, and blood alcohol concentrations have primarily relied on estimations (i.e., Widmark equation), rather than objective biologic samples, such as breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). OBJECTIVES The current study assessed: (1) pregaming, using quantity-based measures, among a sample of college and non-college affiliated bar patrons, (2) associations between pregaming intensity/status and participant intoxication (BrAC), and (3) whether participants who pregamed were more likely to identify as a hazardous drinker. METHODS 548 bar patrons provided data on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) and a single pregaming item assessing quantity of alcohol consumed prior to visiting a bar/restaurant district in 2015. BrAC samples were collected post interview. We used hierarchical linear regression models, respectively, to assess whether pregaming significantly impacted BrAC and whether presence of hazardous drinking predicted pregaming behavior. RESULTS After controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, age, student status, and Greek affiliation, the linear regression model explained 32.3% (R2 = .323) of the variance of BrAC levels (F(12) = 21.162, p < .001), with 4.30% of the variance explained solely by pregaming (β = 0.014; p < .001). The linear regression model to assess if harzardous drinking behavior (AUDIT-C) significantly predicted pregaming explained 31.2% (R2 = .312) of the variance of pregaming behavior (F(18) = 13.276, p < .001), with 4.2% of the variance explained solely by AUDIT-C scores (β = 0.280; p < .001). CONCLUSION Findings further highlight pregaming as a harmful risk behavior linked to elevated levels of hazardous drinking and intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Chaney
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Ryan J Martin
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Adam E Barry
- b Division of Health Education, Department of Health & Kinesiology , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Joseph G L Lee
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Jennifer Cremeens-Matthews
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Michael L Stellefson
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
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5
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Rossheim ME, Thombs DL, Krall JR, Jernigan DH. College Students’ Underestimation of Blood Alcohol Concentration from Hypothetical Consumption of Supersized Alcopops: Results from a Cluster-Randomized Classroom Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1271-1280. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health; George Mason University; Fairfax Virginia
| | - Dennis L. Thombs
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems; University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health; Fort Worth Texas
| | - Jenna R. Krall
- Department of Global and Community Health; George Mason University; Fairfax Virginia
| | - David H. Jernigan
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
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Bron TI, Bijlenga D, Breuk M, Michielsen M, Beekman ATF, Kooij JJS. Risk factors for adverse driving outcomes in Dutch adults with ADHD and controls. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 111:338-344. [PMID: 29274569 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for adverse driving outcomes and unsafe driving among adults with and without ADHD in a Dutch sample. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, validated self-report questionnaires were used to compare driving history and current driving behavior between 330 adults diagnosed with ADHD and 330 controls. RESULTS Adults with ADHD had significantly more adverse driving outcomes when compared to controls. Having an ADHD diagnosis significantly increased the odds for having had 3 or more vehicular crashes (OR = 2.72; p = .001). Driving frequency, male gender, age, high anxiety levels, high hostility levels, and alcohol use all significantly influenced the odds for unsafe driving behavior, for having had 12 or more traffic citations, and/or for having had 3 or more vehicular crashes. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use, and high levels of anxiety and hostility are highly prevalent among adults with ADHD, and they mediate the risk for negative driving outcomes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannetje I Bron
- PsyQ Program and Expertise Center Adult ADHD, Carel Reinierszkade 197, 2593 HR The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Denise Bijlenga
- PsyQ Program and Expertise Center Adult ADHD, Carel Reinierszkade 197, 2593 HR The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Minda Breuk
- PsyQ Program and Expertise Center Adult ADHD, Carel Reinierszkade 197, 2593 HR The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Michielsen
- PsyQ Program and Expertise Center Adult ADHD, Carel Reinierszkade 197, 2593 HR The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- PsyQ Program and Expertise Center Adult ADHD, Carel Reinierszkade 197, 2593 HR The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Rossheim ME, Thombs DL, Gonzalez-Pons KM, Killion JA, Clapp JD, Reed MB, Croff JM, Ruderman DE, Weiler RM. Feeling No Buzz or a Slight Buzz Is Common When Legally Drunk. Am J Public Health 2018; 106:1761-2. [PMID: 27626346 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Rossheim
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
| | - Dennis L Thombs
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
| | - Kwynn M Gonzalez-Pons
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
| | - Jordan A Killion
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
| | - John D Clapp
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
| | - Mark B Reed
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
| | - Julie M Croff
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
| | - Danielle E Ruderman
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
| | - Robert M Weiler
- Matthew E. Rossheim and Robert M. Weiler are with the Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Dennis L. Thombs and Kwynn M. Gonzalez-Pons are with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth. Jordan A. Killion is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center. John D. Clapp and Danielle E. Ruderman are with the College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Mark B. Reed is with the School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Julie M. Croff is with the College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
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Examining the social ecology of a bar-crawl: An exploratory pilot study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185238. [PMID: 28953932 PMCID: PMC5617212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the problems associated with alcohol occur after a single drinking event (e.g. drink driving, assault). These acute alcohol problems have a huge global impact and account for a large percentage of unintentional and intentional injuries in the world. Nonetheless, alcohol research and preventive interventions rarely focus on drinking at the event-level since drinking events are complex, dynamic, and methodologically challenging to observe. This exploratory study provides an example of how event-level data may be collected, analyzed, and interpreted. The drinking behavior of twenty undergraduate students enrolled at a large Midwestern public university was observed during a single bar crawl event that is organized by students annually. Alcohol use was monitored with transdermal alcohol devices coupled with ecological momentary assessments and geospatial data. “Small N, Big Data” studies have the potential to advance health behavior theory and to guide real-time interventions. However, such studies generate large amounts of within subject data that can be challenging to analyze and present. This study examined how to visually display event-level data and also explored the relationship between some basic indicators and alcohol consumption.
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Rossheim ME, Barry AE, Thombs DL, Weiler RM, Krall JR, Stephenson CJ, Walters ST, Reed MB, Clapp JD, Suzuki S, Barnett TE, Cannell MB. Factors Associated with Self-Estimated Breath Alcohol Concentration Among Bar Patrons. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1492-1501. [PMID: 28683518 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the context in which drinkers underestimate their breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) in natural drinking environments. This study examined factors associated with bar patrons' self-estimated BrAC in high-risk college town settings. METHODS Guided interview and BrAC data were collected from 510 participants recruited as they exited bars located close to large universities: 1 in Florida and 1 in Texas. RESULTS Participants with the highest measured BrACs underestimated their BrAC levels the most. Findings from multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that BrAC (std β = 0.014, p < 0.001), number of alcoholic drinks consumed (std β = 0.006, p < 0.01), and perceived drunkenness (std β = 0.024, p < 0.001) had significant positive associations with BrAC self-estimates, where the regression coefficients were scaled by values approximately equal to each variable's interquartile range. Among the 321 participants with BrAC levels ≥ 0.08 g/dl, 21.2% believed their BrAC was below the legal per se driving limit of 0.08 g/dl. Results from a logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of perceived drunkenness were associated with better self-recognition that one's BrAC level exceeded the legal driving threshold (OR = 3.312, p < 0.001). Further, participants under 26 years of age had reduced odds of recognizing that their BrAC was greater than 0.079 g/dl (OR = 0.245, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the inaccuracy of self-estimated BrAC when drinking, particularly among younger drinkers. Adjusting for BrAC, situational factors were strongly associated with self-estimated BrAC. Future research is needed to better understand how altering drinking environments may improve accuracy of BrAC self-estimates and deter driving after drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Dennis L Thombs
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Robert M Weiler
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Jenna R Krall
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Caroline J Stephenson
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Scott T Walters
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Mark B Reed
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - John D Clapp
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sumihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Tracey E Barnett
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - M Brad Cannell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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10
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Rossheim ME, Thombs DL, Weiler RM, Barry AE, Suzuki S, Walters ST, Barnett TE, Paxton RJ, Pealer LN, Cannell B. Alcohol mixed with energy drink: Use may be a consequence of heavy drinking. Addict Behav 2016; 57:55-61. [PMID: 26890245 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years, studies have indicated that consumers of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AmED) are more likely to drink heavily and experience more negative consequences than consumers who avoid these beverages. Although researchers have identified a number of plausible hypotheses that explain how alcohol-energy drink co-ingestion could cause greater alcohol consumption, there has been no postulation about reverse causal relations. This paper identifies several plausible hypotheses for the observed associations between AmED consumption and greater alcohol consumption, and provides initial evidence for one such hypothesis suggesting that heavy drinking may be a determinant of AmED use. METHOD Data collected from 511bar patrons were used to examine the plausibility of one of the proposed hypotheses, i.e., AmED is an artifact of heavy drinking. Associations between the consumption of an assortment of alcoholic beverage types and total alcohol consumption were examined at the event-level, to assess whether AmED is uniquely related with greater alcohol consumption. RESULTS Increased alcohol consumption was associated with greater odds of consuming most alcoholic beverage types; this association was not unique to AmED. CONCLUSIONS Results support the overlooked hypothesis that AmED use is an artifact of heavy drinking. Thus, AmED consumption may be a consequence or marker of heavier drinking. Much of the existing research on alcoholic beverage types is limited in its ability to implicate any specific type of drink, including AmED, as a cause of increased alcohol consumption and related harm. More rigorous study designs are needed to examine causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, VA, United States.
| | - Dennis L Thombs
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Robert M Weiler
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, VA, United States
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sumihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Scott T Walters
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Tracey E Barnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Raheem J Paxton
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Lisa N Pealer
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Brad Cannell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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