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Soneson E, Das S, Burn AM, van Melle M, Anderson JK, Fazel M, Fonagy P, Ford T, Gilbert R, Harron K, Howarth E, Humphrey A, Jones PB, Moore A. Leveraging Administrative Data to Better Understand and Address Child Maltreatment: A Scoping Review of Data Linkage Studies. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:176-195. [PMID: 35240863 PMCID: PMC9806482 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221079308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review aimed to overview studies that used administrative data linkage in the context of child maltreatment to improve our understanding of the value that data linkage may confer for policy, practice, and research. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC electronic databases in June 2019 and May 2020 for studies that linked two or more datasets (at least one of which was administrative in nature) to study child maltreatment. We report findings with numerical and narrative summary. RESULTS We included 121 studies, mainly from the United States or Australia and published in the past decade. Data came primarily from social services and health sectors, and linkage processes and data quality were often not described in sufficient detail to align with current reporting guidelines. Most studies were descriptive in nature and research questions addressed fell under eight themes: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, intergenerational transmission, predictive modelling, intervention/service evaluation, multi-sector involvement, and methodological considerations/advancements. CONCLUSIONS Included studies demonstrated the wide variety of ways in which data linkage can contribute to the public health response to child maltreatment. However, how research using linked data can be translated into effective service development and monitoring, or targeting of interventions, is underexplored in terms of privacy protection, ethics and governance, data quality, and evidence of effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Soneson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shruti Das
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Burn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marije van Melle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Gilbert
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Harron
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Howarth
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Ayla Humphrey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Konrad G, Leong C, Bolton JM, Prior HJ, Paillé MT, Nepon J, Singal D, Ekuma O, Enns JE, Nickel NC. Use of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder in Manitoba, Canada: A whole-population cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257025. [PMID: 34478448 PMCID: PMC8415582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Update the evidence on use of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder in a Canadian population. METHODS Using whole-population administrative data from Manitoba, Canada, we identified all residents age 12+ who were first diagnosed with alcohol use disorder between April 1, 1996 and March 31, 2015, and compared characteristics of those who filled a prescription for naltrexone, acamprosate or disulfiram at least once during that period to those who did not fill a prescription for an alcohol use disorder medication. RESULTS Only 1.3% of individuals with alcohol use disorder received pharmacotherapy (62.3% of prescriptions were for naltrexone, 39.4% for acamprosate, 7.5% for disulfiram). Most prescriptions came from family physicians in urban alcohol use disorder (53.6%) and psychiatrists (22.3%). Individuals were more likely to fill a prescription for alcohol use disorder medication if they lived in an urban vs rural environment (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.83-2.77) or had a mood/anxiety disorder diagnosis vs no diagnosis (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.98-2.90) in the five years before being diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. CONCLUSION Despite established evidence for the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder, these medications continue to be profoundly underutilized in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Konrad
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Christine Leong
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - James M. Bolton
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Heather J. Prior
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael T. Paillé
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Josh Nepon
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Deepa Singal
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Okechukwu Ekuma
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jennifer E. Enns
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nathan C. Nickel
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Dept. of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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O'Leary C, Lawrence D, Hafekost K, Zubrick SR, Bower C. Maternal Alcohol-Use Disorder and Child Outcomes. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-1574. [PMID: 32094291 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate the relationship between maternal alcohol-use disorder and multiple biological and social child outcomes, including birth outcomes, child protection, justice contact, and academic outcomes for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. METHODS Women with a birth recorded on the Western Australian Midwives Notification System (1983-2007) and their offspring were in scope. The exposed cohort were mothers with an alcohol-related diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) recorded in an administrative data set and their offspring (non-Indigenous: n = 13 969; Indigenous: n = 9635). The exposed cohort was frequency matched with mothers with no record of an alcohol-related diagnosis and their offspring (comparison cohort; non-Indigenous: n = 40 302; Indigenous: n = 20 533). RESULTS Over half of exposed non-Indigenous children (55%) and 84% of exposed Indigenous children experienced ≥1 negative outcome. The likelihood of any negative outcome was significantly higher for the exposed than the comparison cohort (non-Indigenous: odds ratio [OR] = 2.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.56-2.78]; Indigenous: OR = 2.67 [95% CI = 2.50-2.85]). The odds were greatest for children whose mothers received a diagnosis during pregnancy (non-Indigenous: OR = 4.65 [95% CI = 3.87-5.59]; Indigenous: OR = 5.18 [95% CI = 4.10-6.55]); however, numbers were small. CONCLUSIONS The effects of maternal alcohol-use disorder are experienced by the majority of exposed children rather than a vulnerable subgroup of this population. These findings highlight the need for universal prevention strategies to reduce harmful alcohol use and targeted interventions to support at-risk women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen O'Leary
- Telethon Kids Institute, and .,Office of the Chief Psychiatrist, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | - Stephen R Zubrick
- Telethon Kids Institute, and.,Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and
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Lund IO, Moen Eilsertsen E, Gjerde LC, Ask Torvik F, Røysamb E, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ystrom E. Maternal Drinking and Child Emotional and Behavior Problems. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-2007. [PMID: 32094288 PMCID: PMC7053080 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Maternal drinking is associated with child emotional and behavior problems. There is, however, a lack of studies that properly account for confounding. Our objective was to estimate the association between at-risk drinking in mothers of young children and child emotional and behavior problems, taking into account the passive transmission of familial risk. METHODS This population-based sample consists of 34 039 children nested within 21 911 nuclear families and 18 158 extended families from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Participants were recruited between 1999 and 2009 during routine ultrasound examinations. Data were collected during the 17th and 30th gestational week and when the children were 1.5, 3, and 5 years old. We applied a multilevel structural equation model that accounted for unobserved familial risks. RESULTS Children of mothers with at-risk drinking had a higher likelihood of behavior problems (β = 3.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.01 to 4.05) than children of mothers with low alcohol consumption. This association was reduced after adjusting for factors in the extended family (β = 1.93; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.71) and the nuclear family (β = 1.20; 95% CI 0.39 to 2.01). Maternal at-risk drinking had a smaller association with child emotional problems (β = 1.80; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.34). This association was reduced after adjusting for factors in the extended family (β = 0.67; 95% CI -0.12 to 1.46) and the nuclear family (β = 0.58; 95% CI -0.31 to 1.48). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an association between maternal at-risk drinking and child behavior problems. A reduction in maternal drinking may improve outcomes for children with such symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Line C. Gjerde
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway; and,Department of Psychology,,PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Espen Røysamb
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway; and,PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eivind Ystrom
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway; and,PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy,,Department of Psychology,,PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Freeman J, Condon C, Hamilton S, Mutch RC, Bower C, Watkins RE. Challenges in Accurately Assessing Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in a Study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in a Youth Detention Center. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:309-316. [PMID: 30427546 PMCID: PMC6590127 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in permanent disability, including physical, neurodevelopmental, and cognitive impairments, known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Individuals with FASD are more likely to engage with the law, including being placed in detention, than individuals without FASD. Young people who were sentenced to detention participated in a FASD prevalence study in Western Australia. The diagnosis of FASD requires a multidisciplinary assessment and confirmation of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Obtaining accurate assessment of PAE for young people participating in the study was challenging. METHODS An interview with the birth mother or other responsible adult for young people sentenced to detention in Western Australia was conducted as part of the FASD assessment. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test consumption subset (AUDIT-C), other relevant questions, and documentary evidence were used to assess PAE. PAE was categorized according to the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD: no PAE reported, confirmed or confirmed high-risk, or unknown. RESULTS Among the 101 participants, information on PAE was unable to be obtained for 13 (13%) young people. Of the remaining 88 participants with information of PAE, 41 reported no PAE and 47 had confirmed PAE. CONCLUSIONS Accurately assessing prenatal alcohol consumption is challenging in any setting, but it is exceptionally challenging when assessed 13 to 17 years retrospectively as part of a FASD assessment for a young person sentenced to detention. Recording and recoding detailed qualitative responses was required to provide an accurate assessment of PAE using the AUDIT-C. Standardized recording of PAE in antenatal and birth records would facilitate later assessments for FASD and provide opportunities for advice and support for women who continue to drink during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Freeman
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Carmen Condon
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sharynne Hamilton
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Raewyn C. Mutch
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of MedicineDentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Child and Adolescent Health ServiceDepartment of Health Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Carol Bower
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rochelle E. Watkins
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Erratum. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1154. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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