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de Bejczy A. Phosphatidylethanol (B-PEth) and other direct and indirect biomarkers of alcohol consumption. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:313-344. [PMID: 38555120 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
When identifying, preventing and treating alcohol use disorder, a correct estimation of alcohol intake is essential. An objective marker is preferred as self-reported alcohol intake suffers from bias, and the use of alcohol biomarkers is increasing globally. An easy-to-use blood biomarker to correctly assess alcohol consumption is an invaluable asset in alcohol treatment strategies, as well as in alcohol research studies. The specific, cumulative, biomarker phosphatidylethanol, mirroring the past two weeks of consumption, has shown superiority over traditional biomarkers and is an attractive choice of proxy for alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bejczy
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Richards VL, Wang Y, Porges EC, Gullett JM, Leeman RF, Zhou Z, Barnett NP, Cook RL. Using alcohol biosensors and biomarkers to measure changes in drinking: Associations between transdermal alcohol concentration, phosphatidylethanol, and self-report in a contingency management study of persons with and without HIV. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:991-997. [PMID: 36649152 PMCID: PMC10349895 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use can be measured in many ways, including objectively through transdermal alcohol biosensors (e.g., transdermal alcohol concentration; TAC) or blood biomarkers (e.g., phosphatidylethanol; PEth), or subjectively through self-report (e.g., with the timeline followback; TLFB). However, it is unclear which measures best indicate changes in alcohol use within individuals following intervention, and if they have concurrent validity. In the context of contingency management (CM) with a goal of 30-day abstinence (n = 45, 60% male, 80% Black; Mage = 56.7; 58% with HIV), we examined relationships among changes in TAC-AUC (area under the curve, reflecting volume consumed), PEth, and self-reported number of drinks. The Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor Continuous Alcohol Monitoring (SCRAM-CAM) biosensor was used to collect TAC-AUC during a pre-CM period (∼7 days) and over a 30-day CM period. PEth was collected at baseline and 30-day follow-up. Number of drinks was self-reported through a 30-day TLFB at baseline and follow-up. Daily TAC-AUC and number of self-reported drinks were calculated for the pre-CM period and for the last 7 days of the CM period. Linear regression models controlling for baseline values revealed that change in TAC-AUC was significantly associated with change in PEth (β = 0.33, p < .0001) and with change in number of self-reported drinks (β = 0.34, p < .0001). Change in PEth was significantly associated with change in number of self-reported drinks (β = 0.85, p < .0001). We conclude that all three measures may be appropriate for measuring within-person change in alcohol use, while controlling for baseline values, in the context of a study testing an intervention such as CM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L. Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida
| | - Eric C. Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
- McKnight Brain Research Foundation, University of Florida
| | - Joseph M. Gullett
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
- McKnight Brain Research Foundation, University of Florida
| | - Robert F. Leeman
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida
| | - Nancy P. Barnett
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health
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McGinnis KA, Tate JP, Bryant KJ, Justice AC, O'Connor PG, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Crystal S, Cutter CJ, Hansen NB, Maisto SA, Marconi VC, Williams EC, Cook RL, Gordon AJ, Gordon KS, Eyawo O, Edelman EJ, Fiellin DA. Change in Alcohol Use Based on Self-Report and a Quantitative Biomarker, Phosphatidylethanol, in People With HIV. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:786-794. [PMID: 34542779 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The timeline followback (TLFB) takes more resources to collect than the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C). We assessed agreement of TLFB and AUDIT-C with the biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and compared changes in TLFB and PEth among persons with HIV (PWH) using secondary data from randomized trials. We calculated operating characteristics and agreement between TLFB (> 1 and > 2 average drinks/day), AUDIT-C ≥ 4 and PEth ≥ 20 among 275 men with HIV. Median age was 57 years, 80% were African-American; and 17% white. Sixty-eight percent had PEth ≥ 20, 46% reported > 2 average drinks/day on TLFB, 61% reported > 1 average drinks/day on TLFB, and 72% had an AUDIT-C ≥ 4. Relative to PEth, sensitivity for AUDIT-C ≥ 4 was 84% (kappa = 0.36), and for TLFB > 1 average drink/day was 76% (kappa = 0.44). Change in alcohol use appeared greater using TLFB measures than PEth. Strategies to robustly assess alcohol use in PWH may require both self-report and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A McGinnis
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Janet P Tate
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kendall J Bryant
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas
- Infectious Diseases Section, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Nathan B Hansen
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vincent C Marconi
- School of Medicine and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Emily C Williams
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health and Seattle-Denver Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Gordon
- University of Utah and Salt Lake City VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kirsha S Gordon
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research On AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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