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Gharechahi M, Hoseinzadeh M, Moradi S, Mehrjouei M. Evaluation of various obturation techniques with bioceramic sealers in 3D-printed C-shaped canals. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:554. [PMID: 38735924 PMCID: PMC11089720 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study compared various obturation techniques with bioceramic sealers for filling C-shaped 3D-printed replicas. A mandibular molar with a C-shaped root canal with a C1 configuration was obtained. After instrumenting with M3 Pro Gold files (United Dental, Shanghai, China) up to size #30/0.04, a CBCT scan of the tooth was taken. Sixty 3D-printed replicas of the tooth were created. The samples were obturated with EndoSeal TCS sealer (E. TCS; Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) or EndoSeal MTA (E. MTA; Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) (n = 30). The samples in each group were obturated with the following techniques (n = 10): (1) single-cone technique (SC), (2) SC with ultrasonic activation (UA), and (3) cold hydraulic compaction (CHC). Following incubation, the replicas' apical, middle, and coronal thirds were inspected under a digital microscope, and the proportion of filling material and void were calculated. Also, the obturation time and sealer extrusion were recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, LSD post-hoc, and the chi-square tests (α = 0.05). The results indicated that in the apical third, E. TCS-SC, E. TCS-UA, and E. MTA-UA had the lowest void percentage among groups (p < 0.05). In the middle thirds, samples obturated with E. TCS-UA showed a significantly lower void percentage among all groups (p < 0.05). However, in the coronal third, E. TCS-CHC showed the least void percentage (p < 0.05), followed by E. TCS-UA and E. MTA-CHC. The E. TCS-SC and E. TCS-UA were the least time-consuming methods (p < 0.05). Sealer extrusion significantly differed among the groups, with E. MTA-UA and E. TCS-UA showing higher incidence (p = 0.019). It was concluded that E. TCS-UA was the most convenient obturation technique. However, care must be taken when obturating the canals with high flow and ultrasonic activation near the vital anatomical landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gharechahi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Melika Hoseinzadeh
- Dentist, Research Assistant, Dental Research Center, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Moradi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Mehrjouei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Malta CP, Santi SS, Barcelos RCS, Zanatta FB, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo animal studies and in vitro laboratory studies. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:345-359. [PMID: 38779200 PMCID: PMC11108423 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_24_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to determine whether premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus. Materials and Methods Searches of studies published up to January 2023 were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE and via other methods (databases of the International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, and gray literature). The inclusion criteria were in vivo animal and in vitro studies that analyzed the response in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats, cell viability, and genotoxicity. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for in vivo studies and modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro were appraised. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata. Results Fifty-two studies were included. In the RoB, in vivo studies fulfilled 20%-50% of the items and in vitro 60%-100%. The studies included in the meta-analysis demonstrated better histocompatibility with the premixed calcium silicate-based sealers at 30 days and greater cell viability with these sealers when used in undiluted extracts in experimental period of 72 h and in extracts with 1:2 and 1:4 dilution in 24 and 72 h. In contrast, no difference between materials was found concerning genotoxicity. Conclusion Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better histocompatibility and are less cytotoxic than the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus, demonstrating favorable biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Samantha Simoni Santi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Karam M, Faraj M, Mhanna R, Khalil I, Habib M, Makhlouf M, Zogheib C. Effect of heat application on the physicochemical properties of new endodontic sealers: an in vitro and SEM study. Odontology 2024; 112:512-525. [PMID: 38070028 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the properties of endodontic sealers is vital for treatment planning. Calcium silicate-based sealers are important in modern endodontics. This study investigates the effect of heat on the physicochemical properties of new calcium silicate sealers, addressing concerns raised by clinicians seeking to combine their benefits with the gutta-percha obturation technique. Five endodontic sealers (AH Plus Bioceramic®, Total Fill® BC®, One-fil® Bioceramic, K-Biocer, Any-seal®) were evaluated. Each sealer (n = 16/group) was either kept at 37 °C or subjected to heat at 60 or 200 °C for 30 s. ISO 6876-2012 standards were used to measure setting time, flow, film thickness, and dimensional changes over time. SEM and EDS were utilized for surface and chemical analysis. Data analysis employed IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 with a 5% significance level for two-sided tests. The sealers' setting times were shortened by heat, except for Total Fill® BC with extended setting time. All sealers had significantly longer setting times than manufacturer specifications. Film thickness increased with temperature, while flow values decreased. K-Biocer sealer showed the highest flow (16.89 ± 0.57 mm) at 200 °C, while Total Fill® sealer had the lowest (15.32 ± 0.62 mm). Shrinkage was significant at 60 °C and 200 °C, with greater shrinkage at 200 °C. Heat caused surface deformations in all sealers. The 200 °C groups exhibited more voids in AH Plus Bioceramic®, Any-seal®, and One-fil® sealers, and higher void area in Total Fill®, One-fil®, and K-Biocer sealers (p value < 0.001). EDX analysis confirmed heat-induced chemical and elemental changes in all tested sealers. Elevated temperature affects the physicochemical properties and structure of the tested endodontic sealers. The consideration of endodontic sealer compatibility is essential when warm gutta-percha obturation techniques are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Karam
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marwa Faraj
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Program, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Mhanna
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Issam Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc Habib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michèle Makhlouf
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Azizi H, Hadad A, Levy DH, Ben Itzhak J, Kim HC, Solomonov M. Epoxy vs. Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers for Different Clinical Scenarios: A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:85. [PMID: 38667997 PMCID: PMC11048901 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the considerations for choosing a suitable sealer according to various endodontic scenarios. An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science was undertaken for the keywords of 'sealer choosing', 'appropriate sealer', 'suitable sealer', 'sealer for clinical scenario', and 'sealer for clinical situations'. However, the literature review revealed a lack of studies with practical clinical recommendations regarding the choice of appropriate endodontic root canal sealers for particular clinical situations of root canal treatment. Therefore, a narrative review was undertaken under the basis of the characteristics of an epoxy resin-based sealer (ERS) versus a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSS). Based on the evidence found through the review, the choice of an appropriate sealer in a variety of clinical scenarios was proposed. An ERS is recommended for one-visit non-vital cases, teeth with periodontal involvement, cracked teeth, and internal root resorption without root perforation. A CSS is recommended for vital or non-vital cases in multiple visits, teeth with internal root resorption with perforation or internal approach for external cervical resorption, teeth with open apices, and teeth with iatrogenic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Azizi
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Hadad
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Henry Levy
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joe Ben Itzhak
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Michael Solomonov
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Sanz JL, López-García S, García-Bernal D, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L, Lozano A, Murcia L. Comparative bioactivity and immunomodulatory potential of the new Bioroot Flow and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer: An in vitro study on hPDLSCs. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:195. [PMID: 38441709 PMCID: PMC10914906 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cytocompatibility, bioactivity, and anti-inflammatory potential of the new pre-mixed calcium silicate cement-based sealers Bioroot Flow (BrF) and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbcs) on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared to the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus (AHP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized discs and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 eluates of BrF, AHPbcs and AHP after setting were prepared. The following assays were performed: cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, cell migration/proliferation via a wound-healing assay, cytoskeleton organization via immunofluorescence staining; cytokine release via ELISA; osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT-qPCR, and cell mineralized nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. HPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars from healthy patients. Comparisons were made with hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned (negative control) or osteogenic (positive control) culture media. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS Both BrF and AHPbcs showed significantly positive results in the cytocompatibility assays (cell metabolic activity, migration, attachment, morphology, and cytoskeleton organization) compared with a negative control group, while AHP showed significant negative results. BrF exhibited an upregulation of at least one osteo/cementogenic marker compared to the negative and positive control groups. BrF showed a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than AHPbcs, the negative and positive control groups, while AHPbcs was higher than the negative control group. Both were also significantly higher than AHP group. CONCLUSION BrF and AHPbcs exhibit adequate and comparable cytocompatibility on hPDLSCs. BrF also promoted the osteo/cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Both calcium silicate-based sealers favored the downregulation of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the calcified nodule formation from hPDLSCs. BrF exerted a significantly higher influence on cell mineralization than AHPbcs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first study to elucidate the biological properties and immunomodulatory potential of Bioroot Flow and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. The results act as supporting evidence for their use in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
- School of Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer2 Pl.Av. Marqués de los Vélez, S/NUniversity of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
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Nguyen LCH, Pham LNG, Van Pham K, Nguyen MD, Ngo LTQ. Cytocompatibility and cell migration evaluation of calcium silicate-based root canal sealer compared to epoxide-amine resin sealer in stem cells from human apical papilla: An in-vitro study. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:554-562. [PMID: 37537929 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a calcium silicate-based sealers (CeraSeal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) on cytotoxicity and cell migration of stem cell from the human apical papilla (hSCAPs) by using the Alamar Blue, Annexin V-FICT and wound healing assays. In Alamar Blue assay, hSCAPs exposed to undiluted CeraSeal extract had significantly higher cell viability compared with that observed when cells were treated with AH Plus in all experimental period (p < 0.001). The flow cytometry analysis confirmed the comparison on viable cells and indicated that AH Plus increased apoptosis compared to CeraSeal and the control groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, AH Plus exhibited significantly lower level of cell migration than CeraSeal and the control for up to 48 h observation (p < 0.01). In summary, calcium silicate-based sealer (CeraSeal) is less cytotoxic and more biocompatible than epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Cao Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Odonto - Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loc Nguyen Gia Pham
- Odonto - Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Khoa Van Pham
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- Odonto - Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Quynh Ngo
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Katakidis A, Kodonas K, Fardi A, Gogos C. A scientometric, bibliometric, and thematic map analysis of hydraulic calcium silicate root canal sealers. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e41. [PMID: 38053781 PMCID: PMC10695731 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This scientometric and bibliometric analysis explored scientific publications related to hydraulic calcium silicate-based (HCSB) sealers used in endodontology, aiming to describe basic bibliometric indicators and analyze current research trends. Materials and Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science and Scopus using specific HCSB sealer and general endodontic-related terms. Basic research parameters were collected, including publication year, authorship, countries, institutions, journals, level of evidence, study design and topic of interest, title terms, author keywords, citation counts, and density. Results In total, 498 articles published in 136 journals were retrieved for the period 2008-2023. Brazil was the leading country, and the universities of Bologna in Italy and Sao Paolo in Brazil were represented equally as leading institutions. The most frequently occurring keywords were "calcium silicate," "root canal sealer MTA-Fillapex," and "biocompatibility," while title terms such as "calcium," "sealers," "root," "canal," "silicate based," and "endodontic" occurred most often. According to the thematic map analysis, "solubility" appeared as a basic theme of concentrated research interest, and "single-cone technique" was identified as an emerging, inadequately developed theme. The co-occurrence analysis revealed 4 major clusters centered on sealers' biological and physicochemical properties, obturation techniques, retreatability, and adhesion. Conclusions This analysis presents bibliographic features and outlines changing trends in HCSB sealer research. The research output is dominated by basic science articles scrutinizing the biological and specific physicochemical properties of commonly used HCSB sealers. Future research needs to be guided by studies with a high level of evidence that utilize innovative, sophisticated technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Katakidis
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kodonas
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Fardi
- Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery, Surgical Implantology & Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Gogos
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Somaie RA, El-Banna A, El-Korashy DI. Effect of incorporation of nano-graphene oxide on physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of tricalcium silicate cement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106078. [PMID: 37597312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of setting time, compressive strength, pH, calcium ion release, and antibacterial activity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) after modification with three different concentrations of nano-graphene oxide (GO) powder compared to unmodified Biodentine as a commercial control. METHODS GO powder, unhydrated and hydrated cements were characterized using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GO was also analyzed using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) to determine average lateral dimensions. Specimens were prepared and grouped according to the concentration of GO added to Rootdent MTA (control, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) and the material used (MTA and unmodified Biodentine) into five groups. Setting time was evaluated using Gillmore penetrometer (n = 5). Compressive strength was evaluated using universal testing machine (n = 7). pH and calcium ion release were assessed using pH meter and Induced Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days (n = 7). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans using direct contact test (n = 7). One-way and repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis with significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Addition of GO to MTA reduced both initial and final setting time. GO modified MTA groups and unmodified Biodentine showed significantly increased calcium ion release at 14 and 28 days. All cements showed alkaline pH of the storage media at all tested time intervals. 1 wt% GO recorded the highest compressive strength values in MTA modified groups. The increased concentration of GO from 1 to 5 wt% successively increased antibacterial activity of MTA, with Biodentine showing the lowest significant value. CONCLUSION Addition of 1 wt% GO can significantly improve the tested properties of tricalcium silicate-based cements without compromising their compressive strength. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE GO is a promising modification for tricalcium silicate cements to improve setting time, compressive strength, and antibacterial activity to provide a variety of materials for different clinical situations. This in turn can reduce the risk of reinfection and allow placement of the final restoration in a single visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ali Somaie
- Egyptian Russian University, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Biomaterials Department. Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed El-Banna
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Dentistry, Biomaterials Department. Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalia I El-Korashy
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Dentistry, Biomaterials Department. Cairo, Egypt.
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Gaeta C, Marruganti C, Mignosa E, Malvicini G, Verniani G, Tonini R, Grandini S. Comparison of physico-chemical properties of zinc oxide eugenol cement and a bioceramic sealer. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:187-193. [PMID: 36409203 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the physico-chemical properties of EssenSeal with AH PLUS bioceramic and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT. Flow, solubility, film thickness, radiopacity and setting time were evaluated according to ISO 6876 (2012) specifications. External and cross-section surface characteristics were analysed under a scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk's test, one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test. All the sealers conformed to the ISO 6876 (2012) standards, except for the setting time for AH plus bioceramic, which exceeded more than 10% of the time indicated by the manufacturer. Statistically significant differences were found between the three study sealers regarding the physico-chemical properties tested (p < 0.05). EssenSeal demonstrated characteristics respecting the ISO 6876 (2012) standards and can be considered a predictable alternative in root canal sealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Gaeta
- Unit of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Mignosa
- Unit of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Malvicini
- Unit of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Verniani
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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10
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Shokrzadeh M, Motafeghi FS, Lotfizadeh A, Ghorbani M, Haddadi Kohsar A. Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:4376579. [PMID: 37293576 PMCID: PMC10247329 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4376579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Root canal obturation is performed by gutta-percha cones and sealer. Therefore, these materials, specially sealers, must be biocompatible. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and mineralization activity of two calcium silicate-based sealers (Endoseal MTA and Ceraseal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH26). Materials and Methods In this experiment, the cytotoxicity of Endoseal MTA, Ceraseal, and AH26 on human gingival fibroblast cells was examined using Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrazolium assay at time intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr. The mineralization activity of sealers was evaluated by Alizarin red staining assay. Prism, ver.3, software was used to perform statistical tests. One-way analysis of variance analysis, followed by Tukey's test, was used to determine the group differences. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Cytotoxicity of sealers decreased gradually (P < 0.0001). AH26 showed the highest level of cytotoxicity (P < 0.001). In terms of cytotoxicity, no considerable differences were observed between the two-calcium silicate-based sealers (P > 0.05). AH26 showed the lowest mineralization activity (P < 0.0001). Among the calcium silicate-based sealers, mineralization and formation of calcium nodules were more frequently observed in the Endoseal MTA group (P < 0.001). Conclusion The examined calcium silicate-based sealers had less cytotoxicity and higher mineralization activity than the resin-based sealer (AH26). There was negligible difference between the cytotoxicity of the two-calcium silicate-based, but the cell mineralization caused by Endoseal MTA was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadat Motafeghi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anahita Lotfizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Azam Haddadi Kohsar
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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11
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Kwak SW, Koo J, Song M, Jang IH, Gambarini G, Kim HC. Physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of various bioceramic root canal sealers: in vitro study. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00283-2. [PMID: 37225037 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of various calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealers (CSBSs). METHODS Four recently developed CSBSs, including AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHB), EndoSequence BC Sealer (ESB), TotalFill BC Sealer (TTB), and Bio-C Sealer (BIC), were compared with the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus (AHP). Their physical properties, including flow, setting time, radiopacity, dimensional stability, and pH, were evaluated according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6876. Their cytotoxicity in human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) was assessed through the MTT assay and compared. Additionally, cell attachment to the sealer surface was analysed using green fluorescent protein and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate cell viability. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance to determine the difference between groups for categorical variables, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test at the significance level of 95%. RESULTS The flow, setting time, and radiopacity of all tested CSBSs satisfied the ISO 6876/2012 standards. Further, these CSBS showed shrinkage after immersion in distilled water for 30 days and complied with the ISO 6876/2001 requirements. The pH of AHB, ESB, TTB, and BIC was greater than 11 whereas AHP had a pH of 6.69 after 4 weeks. CSBS showed excellent biocompatibility compared with that of AHP (P < .05). CLSM showed that alive hPDLFs were attached well to all the tested CSBS but not to AHP. CONCLUSIONS CSBS have similar physical characteristics within the ISO standards and higher biocompatibility than epoxy resin-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea; Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jina Koo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gianluca Gambarini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea; Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.
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Koo J, Kwak SW, Kim HC. Differences in setting time of calcium silicate-based sealers under different test conditions. J Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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13
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Sheela S, Nassar M, AlGhalban FM, Gorduysus MO. In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Potential of an Endodontic Bioceramic Material. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 36191594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interest in bioceramic materials has been steadily growing for different applications in endodontics. With the continued introduction of new bioceramic-based materials into the market, it is of great importance to assess the biocompatibility before providing recommendations on their clinical use. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity and mineralization potential of two consistencies of unset premixed bioceramic material (TotalFill BC RRM putty and TotalFill BC sealer) compared with an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) on osteoblast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 100% extracts were obtained by weighing 0.1 g of each material in 1 mL of cell culture media. Primary human osteoblast (HOB) cells (n = 4) were treated with different concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.50, and 6.25%) of each extract. XTT assay and Alizarin Red S staining were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and the biomineralization potential, respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS The cytotoxicity assay after 24 h treatment showed that all materials at high concentrations of the extract (100 and 50%) were toxic to HOB (p < 0.001). On the contrary to TotalFill BC RRM Putty, AH Plus and TotalFill BC sealer were toxic at 25% concentration. However, at 12.5% concentration and lower, all materials were nontoxic. The mineralization potential analyzed after 7 and 14 days showed that TotalFill BC material-treated cells could deposit mineralized nodules in the normal and osteogenic medium unlike AH plus-treated cells. CONCLUSION At low concentrations, TotalFill BC materials showed higher biocompatibility to HOB cells than AH Plus, enhanced the viability of the cells, maintained their typical morphology, and induced the formation of mineralized nodules. Despite the encouraging data, clinical trials are needed to identify the effect of this material on the long-term outcome of endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sheela
- Dental Biomaterials and Biomimetics Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma M AlGhalban
- Dental Biomaterials and Biomimetics Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mehmet O Gorduysus
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Sanz JL, López‐García S, Rodríguez‐Lozano FJ, Melo M, Lozano A, Llena C, Forner L. Cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer: an
in vitro
study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1066-1080. [PMID: 35950780 PMCID: PMC9541143 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess the cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of the new calcium silicate cement‐based sealer AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbcs) on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared with the epoxy resin‐based sealer AH Plus (AHP) and the calcium silicate cement‐based sealer Endosequence BC Sealer (ESbcs). Methodology Standardized sample discs and 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 eluates of the tested materials were prepared. The following assays were performed: surface element distribution via SEM–EDX, cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, cell migration/proliferation via a wound‐healing assay, osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT‐qPCR and cell mineralized nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. HPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars. Comparisons were made with hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned (negative control) or osteogenic (positive control) culture media. Statistical significance was established at p < .05. Results A higher peak of Ca2+ was detected from ESbcs compared with AHPbcs and AHP in SEM–EDX. Both AHPbcs and ESbcs showed significantly positive results in the cytocompatibility assays (cell viability, migration/proliferation, attachment and morphology) compared with a negative control group, whilst AHP showed significant negative results. Both AHPbcs and ESbcs exhibited an upregulation of at least one osteo/odonto/cementogenic marker compared with the negative and positive control groups. Both ESbcs and AHPbcs showed a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than the negative and positive control groups, indicative of their biomineralization potential and were also significantly higher than AHP group. Conclusion AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer exhibited a significantly higher cytocompatibility and bioactive potential than AH Plus and a similar cytocompatibility to that of Endosequence BC Sealer. Endosequence BC Sealer exhibited a significantly higher mineralization potential than the other tested sealers. The results from this in vitro study act as supporting evidence for the use of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Sergio López‐García
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez‐Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
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Aminoshariae A, Primus C, Kulild JC. Tricalcium silicate cement sealers. J Am Dent Assoc 2022; 153:750-760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Dželetović B, Milanović I, Antonijević Đ, Badnjar J, Petrov Z, Antić S, Ležaja-Zebić M. Radiopacity of premixed and two-component Calcium silicate-based Root Canal sealers. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/bjdm2203161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Radiopacity enables radiographic visualization, which is significant in diagnostic procedures and assessment of the quality of endodontic filling. It is important to compare newly developed endodontic sealers with materials that are already in clinical use in order to promote evidence-based dentistry. The aim of our study was to evaluate radiopacity of different calcium silicate-based sealers in comparison with control, epoxy resin-based sealer. The null hypothesis was that there were no statistically significant differences in radiopacity of the tested sealers. Material and Methods: Premixed (TotalFill BC Sealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer, Ceraseal, Bio-C Sealer), two-component (BioRoot RCS, MTA Fillapex, Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer, GuttaFlow Bioseal) calcium silicate-based sealers and AH Plus, as a control, were used. Specimens were radiographed using a Radiovisiography (RVG-4) CCD (charge-coupled devices)-based digital sensor. Results: Ceraseal had the highest, while Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer had the lowest radiopacity. Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer and MTA Fillapex had radiopacity significantly lower than all other sealers. Radiopacity level of AH Plus, was similar to premixed and significantly higher than radiopacities of all two-component endodontic sealers. Conclusions: Calcium silicate-based sealers radiopacity ranged from slightly above minimal required value (3mm), to a value higher than control sealer. Premixed endodontic sealers showed similar radiopacity as AH Plus which suggests that their clinical performance, in terms of visibility on dental radiograms, should be similar
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Dželetović B, Milanović I, Antonijević Đ, Badnjar J, Petrov Z, Petrović V, Teodorović N. Radiopacity of Premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers. ACTA STOMATOLOGICA NAISSI 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/asn2184256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Premixedcalcium silicate-based sealers are ready-to-use, injectable materials with advantageous biological properties that create environment favorable for periapical tissues repair and health. The aim of our study was to examine the radiopacities of premixed calcium silicate-based sealers:TotalFill BCSealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer, Ceraseal, Bio-C Sealer and to compare them with epoxy-basedsealer, AH Plus. Material and methods: Three specimens (2 mm thick and 5 mm in diameter) of each sealer were radiographed using charge-coupled device-baseddigital sensor (Trophy Radiology, Cedex, France) along with an aluminum stepwedge reference.For radiopacity determination, a graph of the logarithm of aluminum thickness versus radiographic density was plotted and a calibration curve was generated. Radiopacities were assessed from the graph and presented as millimeters of aluminum per millimeter of material (mmAl).ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis and significance was set at 0.05. Results: Radiopacity values of EndoSequence BC Sealer and Bio-C Sealerwere significantly lower than radiopacities of Ceraseal and AH Plus. Differences in values between EndoSequence BC Sealer and Bio-C Sealer as well as between Ceraseal and AH Plus were nonsignificant. TotalFill BC Sealer was nonsignificantly different from all other sealers. Conclusion: Premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers evaluated in our study had radiopacity values higher than 9 mmAl, in ascending order,from Bio-C Sealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer, TotalFill BC Sealer to Ceraseal.
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