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Li M, Sun L, Du X, Ren W, Man L, Chai W, Zhu M, Liu G, Wang C. Characterization of lipids and volatile compounds in boiled donkey meat by lipidomics and volatilomics. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 38685881 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Lipids are crucial substances for the formation and retention of volatile compounds (VOCs). The lipid and VOC profiles of boiled donkey meat were investigated by lipidomics and volatilomics. In total, 4277 lipids belonging to 39 subclasses were identified, comprising 26.93% triglycerides (TGs), 15.74% phosphatidylcholins (PCs), and 9.40% phosphatidylethanolamines. The relative percentage of TG in the meat significantly decreases (p < 0.001) from 0 to 40 min, after which there is no significant change, whereas PCs, sphingomyelins, and methyl phosphatidylcholines (MePCs) show the opposite trend. TG(16:1_18:1_18:2) and TG(16:0_16:1_18:2) appear to be key lipids for retaining VOCs in boiled donkey meat. Furthermore, PC(18:3e_16:0) and MePC(31:0e) were found to be potential markers for discriminating donkey meat. A total of 83 VOCs were detected, including 25.30% aldehydes, 18.07% hydrocarbons, 14.46% ketones, and 13.25% alcohols. Eleven characteristic VOCs with relative odor activity values >1 were identified as the predominant flavor compounds in boiled donkey meat, mainly hexanal and 1-octen-3-ol. Of the 258 differential lipids, 72 of them, especially polyunsaturated-fatty acid-rich lipids, are the main contributors to the formation of VOCs. Together, the key lipids for retention and formation of VOCs in donkey meat were revealed, providing a theoretical basis for VOC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xinyi Du
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wei Ren
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Limin Man
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Chen Z, Teng J, Diao S, Xu Z, Ye S, Qiu D, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Li J, Zhang Q, Zhang Z. Insights into the architecture of human-induced polygenic selection in Duroc pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:99. [PMID: 36127741 PMCID: PMC9490910 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most utilized commercial composite boar lines, Duroc pigs have been introduced to China and undergone strongly human-induced selection over the past decades. However, the efficiencies and limitations of previous breeding of Chinese Duroc pigs are largely understudied. The objective of this study was to uncover directional polygenic selection in the Duroc pig genome, and investigate points overlooked in the past breeding process. Results Here, we utilized the Generation Proxy Selection Mapping (GPSM) on a dataset of 1067 Duroc pigs with 8,766,074 imputed SNPs. GPSM detected a total of 5649 putative SNPs actively under selection in the Chinese Duroc pig population, and the potential functions of the selection regions were mainly related to production, meat and carcass traits. Meanwhile, we observed that the allele frequency of variants related to teat number (NT) relevant traits was also changed, which might be influenced by genes that had pleiotropic effects. First, we identified the direction of selection on NT traits by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat{G}$$\end{document}G^, and further pinpointed large-effect genomic regions associated with NT relevant traits by selection signature and GWAS. Combining results of NT relevant traits-specific selection signatures and GWAS, we found three common genome regions, which were overlapped with QTLs related to production, meat and carcass traits besides “teat number” QTLs. This implied that there were some pleiotropic variants underlying NT and economic traits. We further found that rs346331089 has pleiotropic effects on NT and economic traits, e.g., litter size at weaning (LSW), litter weight at weaning (LWW), days to 100 kg (D100), backfat thickness at 100 kg (B100), and loin muscle area at 100 kg (L100) traits. Conclusions The selected loci that we identified across methods displayed the past breeding process of Chinese Duroc pigs, and our findings could be used to inform future breeding decision. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00751-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Teng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Diao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Zhiting Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shaopan Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Dingjie Qiu
- Fujian Yongcheng Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sci-Tech Group Co., Ltd., Fuqing, 350399, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Pan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866# Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.
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Candidate gene markers associated with production, carcass and meat quality traits in Italian Large White pigs identified using a selective genotyping approach. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dall'Olio S, Aboagye G, Nanni Costa L, Gallo M, Fontanesi L. Effects of 17 performance, carcass and raw ham quality parameters on ham weight loss at first salting in heavy pigs, a meat quality indicator for the production of high quality dry-cured hams. Meat Sci 2020; 162:108012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Geraci C, Varzandi AR, Schiavo G, Bovo S, Ribani A, Utzeri VJ, Galimberti G, Buttazzoni L, Ovilo C, Gallo M, Dall'Olio S, Fontanesi L. Genetic markers associated with resistance to infectious diseases have no effects on production traits and haematological parameters in Italian Large White pigs. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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A comparative analysis of label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liver proteomic profiles highlights metabolic differences between pig breeds. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199649. [PMID: 30208024 PMCID: PMC6135354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a complex organ governing several physiological processes that define biological mechanisms affecting growth, feed efficiency and performance traits in all livestock species, including pig. Proteomics may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between liver functions and complex production traits in pigs and to characterize this species as biomedical model. This study applied, for the first time, a label‐free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) proteomic approach to compare the liver proteome profiles of two important heavy pig breeds, Italian Duroc and Italian Large White. Liver specimens were collected (after slaughtering) from performance tested pigs of these two breeds, raised in standard conditions. The label‐free LC‐MS method captured a total of 501 proteins of which 200 were subsequently considered in the between breeds comparison. A statistical pipeline based on the sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA), coupled with stability and significance tests, was applied for the identification of up or down regulated proteins between breeds. This analysis revealed a total of 25 proteins clearly separating Italian Duroc and Italian Large White pigs. Among the top proteins differentiating the two breeds, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial (ACAA2) and histone H2B type 2-F (HIST2H2BF) were up-regulated in Italian Duroc pigs and carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) and ketohexokinase (KHK) were up-regulated in Italian Large White pigs. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), involved in fatty acid metabolism and encoded by a gene located in a QTL region for fatty acid composition, was up-regulated in Italian Large White pigs. The in silico protein interaction analysis showed that 16 of these proteins were connected in one big module. Bioinformatic functional analysis indicated that differentially expressed proteins were involved in several biological processes related to the metabolism of lipids, amino-acids, carbohydrates, cofactors and antibiotics/drugs, suggesting that these functions might distinguish Italian Duroc and Italian Large White pigs. This pilot comparative proteomic analysis of the porcine liver highlighted several biological factors that could determine the peculiar production potentials of these two heavy pig breeds, derived by their different genetic backgrounds.
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Genome-wide association studies for seven production traits highlight genomic regions useful to dissect dry-cured ham quality and production traits in Duroc heavy pigs. Animal 2018; 12:1777-1784. [PMID: 29706143 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protected designation of origin dry-cured hams are obtained from heavy pigs (slaughtered at about 160 kg of live weight). A specific breeding program designed to improve meat quality for this production has included as key traits the level of intermuscular fat between the leg muscles and ham weight loss during the seasoning period together with a balance between fat and lean cuts. In this study we carried out genome-wide association studies for seven traits used in the genetic merit of Italian Duroc heavy pigs, five related to meat and carcass quality traits (visible intermuscular fat, ham weight loss at first salting, backfat thickness, ham weight and lean cuts), and two related to performance and efficiency traits (average daily gain and feed : gain ratio). A total of 573 performance-tested pigs were genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and genome-wide association analyses were carried out using the Bayes B approach with the 1 Mb window option of GenSel and random residuals for each of the seven traits. Detected windows were supported by independent single nucleotide polymorphism analyses with a linear mixed model (LMM) approach on the same animals for the same traits. A total of 30 windows identifying different quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected and among those, 27 were confirmed by LMM in one of these traits. Among the confirmed windows, three QTL were reported for visible intermuscular fat, seven for ham weight loss at first salting and five and four for backfat thickness and lean cut, respectively. A total of eight QTL were detected for the other production traits. No overlapping QTL were reported except for one window on porcine chromosome 10 between lean cuts and ham weight that contained the CACNB2 gene that has been already associated with loin marbling score in other Duroc pigs. Several regions contained genes that have been already associated with production traits in other pig breeds, including Duroc lines, related to fat deposition or muscle structure. This work reports, for the first time, genome-wide association study results for several traits in Italian Duroc heavy pigs. These results will be useful to dissect the genetic basis for dry-cured ham production traits that determine the total genetic merit index of Italian Duroc pigs.
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Renaville B, Bacciu N, Lanzoni M, Mossa F, Piasentier E. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in fat metabolism candidate genes with fatty acid profiles of muscle and subcutaneous fat in heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2018; 139:220-227. [PMID: 29459298 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary and organoleptic qualities of pork products are largely influenced by the profiles of fatty acids (FAs) of meat and fat. The objective of this work was to investigate the potential associations between FA profile in subcutaneous adipose (back fat and leg fat) and muscular (longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris) tissues in heavy pigs (n = 129, 9-month-old) with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six candidate genes involved in fat metabolism: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (DGAT1 &DGAT2), Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTTP), Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) and Heart- fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP). Preliminary results suggest a putative association between MTTP, DGAT2 and FASN and the FA content in both fat and meat, whereas between DGAT1, SCD and H-FABP the association was found in adipose tissue only. However, the effect of the analyzed genes, needs to be verified in a larger and better characterized pig population to support the hypothesized associations with FA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Renaville
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - N Bacciu
- Zoetis, VMRD Genetics, 333 Portage street, 49007 Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - M Lanzoni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - F Mossa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - E Piasentier
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
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