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Tanno LK, Caminati M, Pouessel G, Senna G, Demoly P. Epidemiology of anaphylaxis: is the trend still going up? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:349-356. [PMID: 37548324 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To understand the current global scale of anaphylaxis and identify possible strategies to increase the accuracy of epidemiological data. RECENT FINDINGS Anaphylaxis mortality and morbidity statistics may gain new perspectives with the global implementation of the ICD-11. Improving the quality of epidemiological data related to anaphylaxis should clarify some areas of uncertainty about risk factors, leading to better targeting of strategies to protect those patients at risk, and support decision-making to facilitate health care planning and implementation of public health measures to prevent anaphylaxis. SUMMARY The true rate of anaphylaxis is unknown due to a number of factors, such as misdiagnosis, miscoding and undernotification. Moreover, there is lack of information about anaphylaxis epidemiology in many countries. Difficulties on collecting accurate and comparable data should be acknowledged and anaphylaxis data can vary widely. Currently, most robust data are derived from hospitalization datasets and national mortality databases. Anaphylaxis accounts for up to 0.26% of overall hospital admissions. It is suggested that the number of hospital admissions for anaphylaxis is increasing in many countries, both with respect to all-causes of anaphylaxis and by trigger, but the mortality rate remains low. However, there are still great challenges in capturing quality anaphylaxis mortality and morbidity statistics. Better understanding of anaphylaxis trends should clarify some areas of uncertainty about risk factors and prospect effective prevention strategies. As the knowledge derived from populations is key information for more realistic decision-making, the construction of the new section addressed to anaphylaxis in the ICD-11 will allow the collection of more accurate epidemiological data to support high quality management of patients, and to better facilitate health care planning to implement public health measures, reduce the morbidity and mortality attributable to anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Kase Tanno
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR UA11 University of Montpellier - INSERM
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Caminati
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guillaume Pouessel
- Department of Paediatrics, CH Roubaix
- Paediatric Pneumology and Allergology Unit, CHRU Lille, France
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR UA11 University of Montpellier - INSERM
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support, Montpellier, France
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Xu Y, Zhou J, Wang Y. The novel and powerful ICD-11 classification system for neoplasm coding: a comparative study with the ICD-O. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 36527027 PMCID: PMC9758819 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-02077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) are both widely used global classification systems. In 2018, the initial release of the ICD-11 was published by the World Health Organization (WHO), integrating the morphology section of the ICD-O. METHODS This paper aims to provide potential ICD-11 users with a profound understanding of the neoplasm classifications of the ICD-11 by analysing the differences and relationships between the ICD-11 and ICD-O in terms of the coding framework, compatibility and intelligence level. RESULTS The ICD-11 and ICD-O have remarkable differences in coding structure. Compared to the ICD-O, the ICD-11 has the following advantages: adding histopathology to the stem codes, obtaining a meaningful minimum amount of information through stem codes for statistics, supporting the usage of ICD-O morphology categories and capturing clinical details via extension codes for multiaxial coding. In addition, the rich Foundation Component, linearization derived from the Foundation Component and updating mechanism all support the compatibility of the ICD-11 with other classification systems. Notably, the WHO provides terminology coding with a smart coding tool, and coding in the ICD-11 can draw on statistical codes and uniform resource identifiers (URIs) simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS The ICD-11 represents a novel classification system with distinguishing features that include facilitating statistics, multiaxial coding, coding granularity, compatibility and intelligence. These features enable the ICD-11 to be more powerful for neoplasm coding than the ICD-O and basically meet the needs of stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Xu
- grid.412465.0Medical Records Room, Department of Medical Administration, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Jingya Zhou
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Medical Records, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,Collaborating Center for the WHO Family of International Classifications in China, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yi Wang
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Medical Records, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,Collaborating Center for the WHO Family of International Classifications in China, Beijing, 100730 China
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Tanno LK, Demoly P. Food allergy in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13882. [PMID: 36433855 PMCID: PMC9828038 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing global data regarding the prevalence of food allergy and food-induced anaphylaxis. However, knowledge in morbidity and mortality epidemiological data is still not optimal, and international comparable standards remain poorly accessed. This information could in turn support better clinical practice and possibly prevent future severe reactions and avoidable fatalities. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the standard diagnostic tool used for epidemiology, health management, and clinical purposes supported by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is also used to determine health care payment and reimbursement of providers and health care services in hospitals. Thanks to the academic and technical efforts under the ALLERGY in ICD-11 initiative the pioneer "Allergy and hypersensitivity conditions" section has been built under the "Disorders of the Immune System" chapter of the ICD-11. The "Food hypersensitivity" (FH) subsection is classified under the "Complex allergic or hypersensitivity conditions" section and "Food-induced anaphylaxis" is under the "Anaphylaxis" section. In order to inform the development of strategies to reduce preventable FHs/food allergies, the burden of disease in different healthcare settings and patient populations and their common etiologies need to be understood. Besides, greater specificity regarding clinical conditions and services delivered will provide payers, policy makers, and providers with better information to make major refinements to countries payment and reimbursement systems, including the design and implementation of pay-for-performance program.The new classification addressed to FHs will enable the collection of more accurate epidemiological data to support quality management of patients with FHs/food allergies, and better facilitate health care planning and decision-making and public health measures to prevent and reduce their morbidity and mortality. The improved logic and standardized definitions through the ICD-11 (and other WHO classifications) will also facilitate international comparisons of quality care and the sharing of best practice globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Kase Tanno
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pneumology, Allergology and Oncology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Desbrest d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMR UA-11, University of Montpellier - INSERM, Montpellier, France.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pneumology, Allergology and Oncology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Desbrest d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMR UA-11, University of Montpellier - INSERM, Montpellier, France.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support, Montpellier, France
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Anaphylaxis and Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccine: a danger relationship? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:411-417. [PMID: 34334663 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anaphylactic reactions reported after Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) RNA vaccines were expected to be more frequent in atopic subjects and attributed to its polyethylene glycol component. RECENT FINDINGS Anaphylaxis to SARS-CoV2 RNA vaccines is no more frequent than in any vaccine and direct proofs for the role of its polyethylene glycol component are lacking. SUMMARY Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are an essential global intervention to control the current pandemic situation. Anaphylactic reactions have rapidly been reported after SARS-CoV2 RNA vaccines. This risk is now measured at 2.5-11/1 000 000 in the context of vaccine safety surveillance programs and only one case was documented to be due to polyethylene glycol. Suggestions for its role are indirect. The COVID-19 vaccination is rolling out vastly and surveillance programs are key to monitor severe adverse reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis due to vaccine is extremely rare and specific cases should receive individualized investigation and care, highlighting the key role of allergists in the vaccination programmes.
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Tanno LK, Berard F, Beaudoin E, Didier A, Demoly P. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Anaphylaxis: Recommendations of the French Allergy Community and the Montpellier World Health Organization Collaborating Center. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060560. [PMID: 34072058 PMCID: PMC8228790 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against COVID-19 (and its emerging variants) are an essential global intervention to control the current pandemic situation. Anaphylactic reactions have been reported after SARS-CoV2 RNA vaccines. Anaphylaxis is defined as a severe life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. This risk is estimated at 1/1,000,000 in the context of vaccine safety surveillance programs. The COVID-19 vaccination is rolling-out vastly in different courtiers and surveillance programs are key to monitor severe adverse reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis due to vaccine is extremely rare and specific cases should receive individualized investigation and care. The here presented recommendations and follow-up from the French allergy community and the Montpellier WHO Collaborating Center in order to support the vaccination program and intends to support to healthcare professionals in their daily basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Kase Tanno
- Division of Allergy, Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- WHO Collaborating Center for Classification Scientific Support, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR UA-11, INSERM University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467336107; Fax: +33-467633645
| | - Frédéric Berard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard lyon I, Inserm U1111-CIRI, 69495 Lyon, France;
| | - Etienne Beaudoin
- Regional Institute for Allergic and Environmental Diseases-Clinical Immunology, Metz Regional Hospital, 57000 Metz, France;
| | - Alain Didier
- Pôle des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France;
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Université Toulouse III, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Division of Allergy, Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- WHO Collaborating Center for Classification Scientific Support, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR UA-11, INSERM University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To understand the current global epidemiological data of anaphylaxis and identify potential strategies to improve patients' care and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Anaphylaxis mortality and morbidity statistics (MMS) may gain new perspectives with the implementation of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 in the forthcoming years. Improving the quality of epidemiological data related to anaphylaxis should clarify some areas of uncertainty about risk factors, leading to better targeting of strategies to protect those patients at risk, and support decision-making to facilitate healthcare planning and implementation of public health measures to prevent anaphylaxis. SUMMARY Anaphylaxis is a complex noncommunicable diseases with adverse impact on health-related quality of life of patients and their carriers and a significant proportion of deaths may be preventable. It requires an integrated holistic plan to improve quality of healthcare and gathering accurate and comparable epidemiological data is key. Morbidity related to anaphylaxis seems to be increasing worldwide whereas mortality of anaphylaxis appears to be low and stable, but this still has great challenges in capturing quality anaphylaxis MMS. Improving the quality of epidemiological data related to anaphylaxis should clarify some areas of uncertainty about risk factors, leading to better targeting of strategies to protect those patients at risk. As knowledge derived from populations is key information for more realistic decision-making, the construction of the new section addressed to anaphylaxis in the ICD-11 will allow the collection of more accurate epidemiological data to support quality management of patients, and better facilitate healthcare planning to implement public health measures to prevent and reduce the morbidity and mortality attributable to these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Kase Tanno
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, and Desbret Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- WHO Collaborating Center for Classification Scientific Support, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Demoly
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, and Desbret Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- WHO Collaborating Center for Classification Scientific Support, Paris, France
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Ring J, Beyer K, Biedermann T, Bircher A, Fischer M, Fuchs T, Heller A, Hoffmann F, Huttegger I, Jakob T, Klimek L, Kopp MV, Kugler C, Lange L, Pfaar O, Rietschel E, Rueff F, Schnadt S, Seifert R, Stöcker B, Treudler R, Vogelberg C, Werfel T, Worm M, Sitter H, Brockow K. Guideline (S2k) on acute therapy and management of anaphylaxis: 2021 update: S2k-Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the Medical Association of German Allergologists (AeDA), the Society of Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the German Academy of Allergology and Environmental Medicine (DAAU), the German Professional Association of Pediatricians (BVKJ), the Society for Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (GNPI), the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI), the Swiss Society for Allergy and Immunology (SGAI), the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI), the German Society of Pharmacology (DGP), the German Respiratory Society (DGP), the patient organization German Allergy and Asthma Association (DAAB), the German Working Group of Anaphylaxis Training and Education (AGATE). ALLERGO JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL 2021; 30:1-25. [PMID: 33527068 PMCID: PMC7841027 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-020-00158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ring
- Department Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bircher
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, ALB FILS Hospitals Göppingen, Göppingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuchs
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hoffmann
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Isidor Huttegger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Gießen (UKGM), Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center of Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Matthias V. Kopp
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kugler
- Department Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Rietschel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Rueff
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schnadt
- German Allergy and Asthma Association, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Stöcker
- Medical practice for pediatrics and youth medicine, Poppelsdorfer Allee, Bonn, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Leipzig Interdisciplinary Allergy Center, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Vogelberg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Immunodermatology and Experimental Allergology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Charité—University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Sitter
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
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Risk Factors in Outpatients with Dermatitis and Eczema in Tertiary Hospitals of China Who Have Clinically Suspected Bacterial Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7621217. [PMID: 33313318 PMCID: PMC7719487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7621217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin bacterial infections are often observed in eczema patients, but the risk factors are not fully understood. The current study evaluated the prevalence of clinically suspected bacterial infection and its associated risk factors. Moreover, we investigated the practice of skin infection diagnosis in China. A hospital-based, multicenter, cross-sectional epidemiologic survey of bacterial infection was performed in a total of 6208 outpatients diagnosed with dermatitis and eczema from 39 tertiary hospitals of 15 provinces and municipalities in China. All patients completed a specific questionnaire regarding their demographic characteristics, disease duration, distribution of lesions, severity of itching, and medical history. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate risk factors associated with bacterial infection in patients with different types of eczema. The prevalence of clinically suspected bacterial infection was 47.0% in patients with eczema. Compared to atopic dermatitis, widespread eczema (OR = 1.50, P < 0.001) and other eczema (OR = 1.42, P < 0.001) were more likely to suffer bacterial infection. The itching grade was positively associated with the infection (OR = 2.11, 7.04, and 12.3 in patients with mild, moderate, and severe itching, respectively; P < 0.001). Lesion distribution in the cubital fossa, popliteal fossa, ear, shoulder and back, axillary, foot, and pudendum was positively associated with bacterial infection (all OR > 1.0, P < 0.05). In contrast, the face and abdomen were reversely associated with bacterial infection (OR < 1.0, P < 0.005). History of asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, infantile eczema, and flexion dermatitis was positively associated with bacterial infection (all OR > 1.0, P < 0.005), while the history of dry skin was reversely associated with bacterial infection (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.90; P = 0.002). Patients with eczema were easily infected with bacteria. Widespread eczema and other eczema were more likely to have bacterial infection than atopic dermatitis. The high rate of infection may attribute to the lack of corresponding bacterial detection, suggesting the need of guideline development in China to prevent overuse of topical antibiotics.
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The Challenge of Establishing the Burden of Anaphylaxis: Some Recent Trends. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-020-00257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tanno LK, Chalmers R, Jacob R, Kostanjsek N, Bierrenbach AL, Martin B, Molinari N, Annesi‐Maesano I, Papadopoulos NG, Sanchez‐Borges M, Rosenwasser LJ, Ansontegui I, Ebisawa M, Sisul JC, Jares E, Gomez M, Agache I, Muraro A, Wong GWK, Thien F, Pawankar R, Mahr TA, Sublett JL, Lang DM, Casale T, Demoly P. Global implementation of the world health organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11: The allergic and hypersensitivity conditions model. Allergy 2020; 75:2206-2218. [PMID: 32578235 DOI: 10.1111/all.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) provides a common language for use worldwide as a diagnostic and classification tool for epidemiology, clinical purposes and health management. Since its first edition, the ICD has maintained a framework distributing conditions according to topography, with the result that some complex conditions, such as allergies and hypersensitivity disorders (A/H) including anaphylaxis, have been poorly represented. The change in hierarchy in ICD-11 permitted the construction of the pioneer section addressed to A/H, which may result in more accurate mortality and morbidity statistics, including more accurate accounting for mortality due to anaphylaxis, strengthen classification, terminology and definitions. The ICD-11 was presented and adopted by the 72nd World Health Assembly in May 2019, and the implementation is ongoing worldwide. We here present the outcomes from an online survey undertaken to reach out the allergy community worldwide in order to peer review the terminology, classification and definitions of A/H introduced into ICD-11 and to support their global implementation. Data are presented here for 406 respondents from 74 countries. All of the subsections of the new A/H section of the ICD-11 had been considered with good accuracy by the majority of respondents. We believe that, in addition to help during the implementation phase, all the comments provided will help to improve the A/H classification and to increase awareness by different disciplines of what actions are needed to ensure more accurate epidemiological data and better clinical management of A/H patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Kase Tanno
- Hospital Sírio‐Libanês São Paulo Brazil
- University Hospital of Montpellier Montpellier France
- INSERM UMR‐S 1136 IPLESP Equipe EPAR Sorbonne Université Paris France
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support Montpellier France
- ICD‐11 Medical and Scientific Advisory Committee WHO Geneva Switzerland
| | - Robert Chalmers
- ICD‐11 Medical and Scientific Advisory Committee WHO Geneva Switzerland
- Centre for Dermatology University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Robert Jacob
- Classifications, Terminologies and Standards World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nenad Kostanjsek
- Classifications, Terminologies and Standards World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland
| | - Ana Luiza Bierrenbach
- Hospital Sírio‐Libanês São Paulo Brazil
- Sanas Epidemiology and Research São Paulo Brazil
- Teaching Research Institute (IEP) Hospital Sírio Libanês São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bryan Martin
- Medicine and Pediatrics The Ohio State University in Columbus Columbus OH USA
| | | | | | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health Institute of Human Development University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Department of Allergy 2nd Pediatric Clinic University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Mario Sanchez‐Borges
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Centro Medico Docente La Trinidad Caracas Venezuela
| | - Lanny J. Rosenwasser
- Division of Immunology Research Department of Pediatrics Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics Kansas City MO USA
| | - Ignacio Ansontegui
- Department of Allergy and Immunology Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia Erandio Bilbao Spain
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology Sagamihara National Hospital Sagamihara Japan
| | - Juan Carlos Sisul
- Latinalerican Society of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Villarica Paraguay
- American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Arlington Heights IL USA
| | - Edgardo Jares
- LIBRA Foundation and CMP SA Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Gomez
- Research & Education Fundación Ayre Allergy & Asthma Unit Hospital San Bernardo Catholic University of Salta Salta Argentina
| | | | - Antonella Muraro
- Department of Women and Child Health Food Allergy Referral Centre Veneto Region Padua General University Hospital Padua Italy
| | - Gary W. K. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Francis Thien
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Eastern Health Box Hill Vic. Australia
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Department of Pediatrics Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
| | - Todd A. Mahr
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Gundersen Health System in La Crosse La Crosse WI USA
| | - James L. Sublett
- Family Allergy & Asthma Louisville KY USA
- Department of Pediatrics Section of Allergy & Immunology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY USA
| | - David M. Lang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Respiratory Institute Cleveland Clinic OH USA
| | - Thomas Casale
- Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL USA
| | - Pascal Demoly
- University Hospital of Montpellier Montpellier France
- INSERM UMR‐S 1136 IPLESP Equipe EPAR Sorbonne Université Paris France
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Scientific Classification Support Montpellier France
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Tuttle KL, Wickner P. Capturing anaphylaxis through medical records: Are ICD and CPT codes sufficient? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 124:150-155. [PMID: 31785369 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of anaphylaxis cases is imperative for optimal clinicalprovider knowledge deficiencies in diagnosis and treatment and the efficacy of reimbursement codes, such as International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and current procedural terminology (CPT) codes, in detecting anaphylaxis. DATA SOURCES Pubmed. STUDY SELECTIONS Recent and clinically relevant literature on anaphylaxis and provider knowledge, ICD, CPT, Healthcare Common Procedural Coding System (HCPCS), and E-codes were selected and reviewed. RESULTS Reimbursement codes are used to detect anaphylaxis in administrative claims databases. Inaccurate recognition of the diagnosis by providers, underreporting, and cause identification are challenges faced by health researchers using reimbursement codes for anaphylaxis case identification. Anaphylactic shock-specific ICD codes were noted to have a positive predictive value (PPV) of 52% to 53% of anaphylaxis events compared with physician chart review, which was improved to 63% to 67.3% when used in conjunction with anaphylaxis symptom-specific ICD, CPT, HCPCS, and E-codes 31, 34, and 35. CONCLUSION Education of providers to properly diagnose and treat anaphylaxis requires systematic and educational investments. The ICD codes specific to anaphylactic shock have suboptimal PPV to identify anaphylaxis in administrative claims databases. Use of algorithms incorporating other reimbursement codes improve the PPV, but they are limited by inaccurate diagnoses and underreporting of anaphylaxis. Future ICD-11 reclassification may improve anaphylaxis detection by reimbursement codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Tuttle
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paige Wickner
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Quality and Safety, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Scott LA, Jones BI, Berni TR, Berni ER, De Vries J, Currie CJ. Evaluation of the epidemiology of peanut allergy in the United Kingdom. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1333-1339. [PMID: 31774311 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1693264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aims: To describe the epidemiology of peanut allergy (PA) in the UK over the last three decades.Methods: PA patients were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1987 and 2015. Incidence and prevalence of PA were compared between 2000 and 2015. Prevalence and relative risk (RR) of atopic comorbidities, anaphylaxis, adrenaline prescriptions versus matched controls were calculated.Results: Point prevalence of PA in the entire population and those <18 years increased from 31 to 202 and 116 to 635 per 100,000, respectively, between 2000 and 2015. Incidence increased from 8.6 to 18.2 per 100,000. Incidence in 2015 was 105 cases per 100,000 aged 0-4 years versus 13.4 per 100,000 aged 5+ years. Anaphylactic events affected 1.2% of the cases and 0.007% of the controls. The rate of adrenaline prescriptions was 5,910 per 100,000 person-years for PA patients. RRs for asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis in PA patients versus controls were 4.5 (95% CI 4.2-4.8), 3.2 (3.1-3.4) and 2.6 (2.4-3.0), respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence and incidence of PA increased markedly over the study period. PA was associated with atopic conditions and anaphylaxis. PA patients had increased adrenaline prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jane De Vries
- Independent consultant to Aimmune Therapeutics Inc., London, UK
| | - Craig J Currie
- Global Epidemiology, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff, UK.,The Institute of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Scott LA, Berni TR, Berni ER, De Vries J, Currie CJ. Evaluation of the healthcare resource use and the related financial costs of managing peanut allergy in the United Kingdom. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:889-896. [PMID: 31305181 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1641406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to estimate the resource use and associated costs for patients with peanut allergy (PA) compared to matched controls. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics. PA patients were matched to two control cohorts: the first (simple-matched) were matched 1:1 on year of birth, general practice, gender and registration year. The second (atopy-matched) were matched on the same characteristics plus presence/absence of an atopic condition. Prescriptions and primary and secondary care contacts were compared between cases and controls. Results: 15,483 peanut-allergic patients were identified: 13,609 (87.9%) were simple-matched and 9,320 (60.2%) atopy-matched. The total per person annual incremental health-care costs associated with PA were £253 (atopy-matched) and £333 (simple-matched). For those with PA and a prior anaphylaxis incremental costs were £662, for those prescribed an epinephrine autoinjector incremental costs were £392. Extrapolated to the U.K. population, total excess costs of PA were between £33 and 44 million in 2015. Conclusions: Patients with PA had increased health-care contacts and consequently increased associated costs compared to controls. Observation bias should be considered in interpretation, but this study suggests that PA presents significant burden to health-care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Scott
- a Global Epidemiology, Pharmatelligence , Cardiff , UK
| | | | - Ellen R Berni
- a Global Epidemiology, Pharmatelligence , Cardiff , UK
| | - Jane De Vries
- b Independent consultant to Aimmune Therapeutics Inc ., London , UK
| | - Craig J Currie
- a Global Epidemiology, Pharmatelligence , Cardiff , UK.,c The Institute of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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Eigenmann PA, Akdis C, Bousquet J, Grattan CE, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Hellings PW, Agache I. Highlights and recent developments in food and drug allergy, and anaphylaxis in EAACI Journals (2017). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:801-807. [PMID: 30276869 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights research advances and important achievements in food allergy, anaphylaxis, and drug allergy that were published in the Journals of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in 2017. Food allergy and anaphylaxis research have continued to rapidly accelerate, with increasing numbers of outstanding developments in 2017. We saw new studies on the mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention of food allergy, and novel food allergens. Drug hypersensitivity, as well as hereditary angioedema, has been highlighted in the present review as the focus of recent developments. The EAACI owns three journals: Allergy, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (PAI), and Clinical and Translational Allergy (CTA). One of the major goals of the EAACI is to support health promotion in which prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role and to disseminate the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI junior members. This paper summarizes the achievements of 2017 in anaphylaxis, and food and drug allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- MACVIA-France, Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, France.,UMR-S 1168, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Euforea, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clive E Grattan
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Peter W Hellings
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Tanno LK, Demoly P. How can the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 change the clinical management of anaphylaxis? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:783-786. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1520094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana K Tanno
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- INSERM, IPLESP, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Demoly
- INSERM, IPLESP, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Waibel K, Lee R, Coop C, Mendoza Y, White K. Food allergy guidance in the United States military: A work group report from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology's Military Allergy and Immunology Assembly. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:54-59. [PMID: 29777733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of food allergy adversely affects one's ability to join or remain in the military. Inadequate knowledge or misconceptions of current military-specific standards regarding food allergy and how these apply to enlistment, induction, and retention in the US military can lead potentially to inaccurate counseling because each military service has specific regulations that affect the evaluation and decision-making process. Recognizing this knowledge gap, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology's Military Allergy and Immunology Assembly established a work group that reviewed and summarized all aspects of military instructions, policies, and regulations regarding IgE-mediated food allergy. A flowchart was developed outlining each step of the military entry process for an applicant with a history of food allergy. Furthermore, summary tables were made to provide improved "fluency" regarding each service's medical regulations, whereas key considerations were outlined for the allergist who is evaluating a subject who is seeking military entry or retention. Both civilian and military allergists play an essential role in the evaluation, counseling, and management of patients with a food allergy history. Understanding the service-specific language and regulations regarding food allergy will improve the allergist's awareness, counseling, and management of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Waibel
- Allergy Service, Division of Medicine, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany.
| | - Rachel Lee
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, Calif
| | - Christopher Coop
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Yun Mendoza
- Allergy Service, Division of Medicine, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany
| | - Kevin White
- Allergy and Immunization Clinic, 48th Medical Group, Lakenheath, United Kingdom
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Tanno LK, Bierrenbach AL, Simons FER, Cardona V, Thong BYH, Molinari N, Calderon MA, Worm M, Chang YS, Papadopoulos NG, Casale T, Demoly P. Critical view of anaphylaxis epidemiology: open questions and new perspectives. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 14:12. [PMID: 29632547 PMCID: PMC5883526 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the majority of allergic or hypersensitivity conditions, worldwide anaphylaxis epidemiological data remain sparse with low accuracy, which hampers comparable morbidity statistics. Data can differ widely depending on a number of variables. In the current document we reviewed the forms on which anaphylaxis has been defined and classified; and how it can affect epidemiological data. With regards to the methods used to capture morbidity statistics, we observed the impact of the anaphylaxis coding utilizing the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases. As an outcome and depending on the anaphylaxis definition, we extracted the cumulative incidence, which may not reflect the real number of new cases. The new ICD-11 anaphylaxis subsection developments and critical view of morbidity statistics data are discussed in order to reach new perspectives on anaphylaxis epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Kase Tanno
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 75013 Paris, France
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, 371, av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Ana Luiza Bierrenbach
- Sanas Epidemiology and Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- Teaching Research Institute (IEP), Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F. Estelle R. Simons
- Section of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Victoria Cardona
- Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernard Yu-Hor Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Moises A. Calderon
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Margitta Worm
- Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Allergy, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Casale
- American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, and Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Pascal Demoly
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - on behalf the Joint Allergy Academies
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, 75013 Paris, France
- Sanas Epidemiology and Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- Teaching Research Institute (IEP), Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Section of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- IMAG, UMR 5149, DIM CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Allergy, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, and Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, 371, av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Lee S. The past, present, and future of research on anaphylaxis in Korean children. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2018. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2018.6.s1.s21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sooyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Suwon Center for Environmental Disease and Atopy, Suwon, Korea
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One voice for anaphylaxis in France: The vision of the centre of reference in rare diseases. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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