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Elayoubi J, Chi J, Mahmoud AA, Alloghbi A, Assad H, Shekhar M, Simon MS. A Review of Endocrine Therapy in Early-stage Breast Cancer: The Journey From Crudeness to Precision. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:225-230. [PMID: 36856249 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy (ET) is the standard of care for hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer in the adjuvant setting. However, response to ET can vary across patient subgroups. Historically, hormone receptor expression and clinical stage are the main predictors of the benefit of ET. A "window of opportunity" trials has raised significant interest in recent years as a means of assessing the sensitivity of a patient's cancer to short-term neoadjuvant ET, which provides important prognostic information, and helps in decision-making regarding treatment options in a time-efficient and cost-efficient manner. In the era of genomics, molecular profiling has led to the discovery and evaluation of the prognostic and predictive abilities of new molecular profiles. To realize the goal of personalized medicine, we are in urgent need to explore reliable biomarkers or genomic signatures to accurately predict the clinical response and long-term outcomes associated with ET. Validation of these biomarkers as reliable surrogate endpoints can also lead to a revolution in the clinical trial designs, and potentially avoid the need for repeated tissue biopsies in the surveillance of disease response. The clinical potential of tumor genomic profiling marks the beginning of a new era of precision medicine in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jailan Elayoubi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Jie Chi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Amr A Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kafr Elshiekh University, Egypt
| | - Abdurahman Alloghbi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Hadeel Assad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Malathy Shekhar
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Michael S Simon
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Wang L, Maejima T, Fukahori S, Shun K, Yoshikawa D, Kono T. Laparoscopic assisted hydrocelectomy of the canal of Nuck: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2021; 7:52. [PMID: 33599854 PMCID: PMC7892654 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-021-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate diagnosis and complete resection of hydrocele of canal of Nuck (HCN) is still a challenge for surgeons. Case presentation A 28-year-old woman presented with a suspected inguinal hernia due to swelling in her right groin and was introduced for surgical treatment. Computed tomography scan revealed local cyst formation in the right groin and eliminated intestinal incarceration. In order to further confirm the diagnosis, we used laparoscopic exploration; after excluding a combined hernia, HCN was surgically removed using a conventional anterior peritoneal approach and a mesh patch repair was not needed. Postoperative pathology results showed no endometriosis or malignancy. Conclusions Laparoscopic assisted anterior approach provides both an accurate intraoperative diagnosis and a quick complete resection of HCN; it is the preferred treatment for women of childbearing age with pure HCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1, N-33, E-14, Higahi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0650033, Japan.
| | - Taku Maejima
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1, N-33, E-14, Higahi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0650033, Japan
| | - Susumu Fukahori
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1, N-33, E-14, Higahi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0650033, Japan
| | - Katayose Shun
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1, N-33, E-14, Higahi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0650033, Japan
| | - Daitaro Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1, N-33, E-14, Higahi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0650033, Japan
| | - Toru Kono
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1, N-33, E-14, Higahi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0650033, Japan
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