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Yazdanpanah-Ardakani K, Niroomand-Oscuii H, Sahebi-Kuzeh Kanan R, Shokri N. Optimization of a centrifugal blood pump designed using an industrial method through experimental and numerical study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7443. [PMID: 38548818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
With improved treatment of coronary artery disease, more patients are surviving until heart failure occurs. This leads to an increase in patients needing devices for struggling with heart failure. Ventricular assist devices are known as the mainstay of these devices. This study aimed to design a centrifugal pump as a ventricular assist device. In order to design the pump, firstly, the geometrical parameters of the pump, including the gap distance, blade height, and position of the outlet relative to the blade, were investigated. Finally, the selected configuration, which had all the appropriate characteristics, both hydraulically and physiologically, was used for the rest of the study. The study of the blade, as the main component in energy transfer to the blood, in a centrifugal pump, has been considered in the present study. In this regard, the point-to-point design method, which is used in industrial applications, was implemented. The designer chooses the relationship between the blade angles at each radius in the point-to-point method. The present study selected logarithmic and second-order relations for designing the blade's profile. In total, 58 blades were examined in this study, which differed regarding blade inlet and outlet angles and the relationship between angle and radial position. ANSYS CFX 17.0 software was utilized to simulate blades' performances, and a benchmark pump provided by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was used to validate the numerical simulations. Then, the selected impeller from the numerical investigation was manufactured, and its performance was compared experimentally with the FDA benchmark pump. A hydraulic test rig was also developed for experimental studies. The results showed that among the blades designed in this study, the blade with an input angle of 45° and an output angle of 55°, which is designed to implement a logarithmic relationship, has the best performance. The selected impeller configuration can increase the total head (at least by 20%) at different flow rates compared to the FDA pump.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nasim Shokri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Xue Q, Ren X, Gao B, Li S, Song Z, Ding J, Chang Y. Hemodynamic investigation of a novel rotary displacement blood pump for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3705. [PMID: 37005088 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life support system used in the treatment of severe respiratory and circulatory failure. High shear stress caused by the high rotational speed of centrifugal blood pumps can cause hemolysis and platelet activation, which are among the major factors leading to the complications of the ECMO system. In this study, a novel blood pump named rotary displacement blood pump (RDBP), which can considerably reduce rotational speed and shear stress while ensuring the normal pressure flow relationship, was proposed. We employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to investigate the performance of RDBP under adult ECMO support operating conditions (5 L/min with 350 mmHg). The efficiency and H-Q curves of the RDBP were calculated to evaluate its hydraulic performance, and pressure, flow patterns, and shear stress distribution were analyzed to estimate the hemodynamic characteristics in the pump. In addition, the modified index of hemolysis (MIH) was calculated for the RDBP based on a Eulerian approach. The hydraulic efficiency of the RDBP was 47.28%. The velocity distribution of flow field in the pump was relatively uniform. Most of the liquid (more than 75%) in the pump was exposed to low scale shear stress (<1 Pa), which was close to normal physiological conditions. The gap area was the main distribution location of high scale shear stress. The high wall shear stress (>9 Pa) volume fraction of the RDBP was small and located in the boundary areas between the rotor's edge and the housing. The MIH value of the RDBP was 9.87 ± 0.93 (mean ± SD). The RDBP can achieve better hydraulic efficiency and hemodynamic performance at lower rotational speed. The design of this novel pump is expected to provide a new direction for developing a blood pump for ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Xue
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shu Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Medical Device Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinli Ding
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Xiang WJ, Huo JD, Wu WT, Wu P. Influence of Inlet Boundary Conditions on the Prediction of Flow Field and Hemolysis in Blood Pumps Using Large-Eddy Simulation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020274. [PMID: 36829767 PMCID: PMC9952191 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inlet boundary conditions (BC) are one of the uncertainties which may influence the prediction of flow field and hemolysis in blood pumps. This study investigated the influence of inlet BC, including the length of inlet pipe, type of inlet BC (mass flow rate or experimental velocity profile) and turbulent intensity (no perturbation, 5%, 10%, 20%) on the prediction of flow field and hemolysis of a benchmark centrifugal blood pump (the FDA blood pump) and a commercial axial blood pump (Heartmate II), using large-eddy simulation. The results show that the influence of boundary conditions on integral pump performance metrics, including pressure head and hemolysis, is negligible. The influence on local flow structures, such as velocity distributions, mainly existed in the inlet. For the centrifugal FDA blood pump, the influence of type of inlet BC and inlet position on velocity distributions can also be observed at the diffuser. Overall, the effects of position of inlet and type of inlet BC need to be considered if local flow structures are the focus, while the influence of turbulent intensity is negligible and need not be accounted for during numerical simulations of blood pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Xiang
- Artificial Organ Technology Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jia-Dong Huo
- Artificial Organ Technology Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wei-Tao Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.-T.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Peng Wu
- Artificial Organ Technology Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
- Correspondence: (W.-T.W.); (P.W.)
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Ray PK, Das AK, Das PK. Numerical assessment of hemodynamic perspectives of a left ventricular assist device and subsequent proposal for improvisation. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106309. [PMID: 36410098 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the unavailability of donors, the use of left ventricular assist devices has emerged to be a reliable line of alternative treatment for heart failure. However, ventricular assist devices (VAD) have been associated with several postoperative complications such as thrombosis, hemolysis, etc. Despite considerable improvements in technology, blood trauma due to high shear stress generation has been a major concern that is largely related to the geometrical feature of the VAD. This study aims to establish the design process of a centrifugal pump by considering several variations in the geometrical feature of a base design using the commercial solver ANSYS-CFX. To capture the uncertain behavior of blood as fluid, Newtonian, as well as non-Newtonian (Bird-Carreau model), models are used for flow field prediction. To assess the possibility of blood damage maximum wall shear stress and hemolysis index have been estimated for each operating point. The results of the simulations yield an optimized design of the pump based on parameters like pressure head generation, maximum shear stress, hydraulic efficiency, and hemolysis index. Further, the design methodology and the steps of development discussed in the paper can serve as a guideline for developing small centrifugal pumps handling blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Kumar Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Arup Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Wu P. Recent advances in the application of computational fluid dynamics in the development of rotary blood pumps. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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6
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Jiang M, Li M, Gao Y, Wu L, Zhao W, Li C, Hou C, Qi Z, Wang K, Zheng S, Yin Z, Wu C, Ji X. The intra-arterial selective cooling infusion system: A mathematical temperature analysis and in vitro experiments for acute ischemic stroke therapy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1303-1314. [PMID: 35702957 PMCID: PMC9344093 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The neuroprotection of acute ischemic stroke patients can be achieved by intra‐arterial selective cooling infusion using cold saline, which can decrease brain temperature without influencing the body core temperature. This approach can lead to high burdens on the heart and decreased hematocrit in the scenario of loading a high amount of liquid for longtime usage. Therefore, autologous blood is utilized as perfusate to circumvent those side effects. Methods In this study, a prototype instrument with an autologous blood cooling system was developed and further evaluated by a mathematical model for brain temperature estimation. Results Hypothermia could be achieved due to the adequate cooling capacity of the prototype system, which could provide the lowest cooling temperature into the blood vessel of 10.5°C at 25 rpm (209.7 ± 0.8 ml/min). And, the core body temperature did not alter significantly (−0.7 ~ −0.2°C) after 1‐h perfusion. The cooling rate and temperature distributions of the brain were analyzed, which showed a 2°C decrease within the initial 5 min infusion by 44 ml/min and 13.7°C perfusate. Conclusion This prototype instrument system could safely cool simulated blood in vitro and reperfuse it to the target cerebral blood vessel. This technique could promote the clinical application of an autologous blood perfusion system for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaowen Jiang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Wu
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhui Li
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengbei Hou
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengfei Qi
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiang Zheng
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichen Yin
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Kannojiya V, Das AK, Das PK. Effect of left ventricular assist device on the hemodynamics of a patient-specific left heart. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:1705-1721. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Martinolli M, Cornat F, Vergara C. Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Study of a New Wave Membrane Blood Pump. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 13:373-392. [PMID: 34773241 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wave membrane blood pumps (WMBP) are novel pump designs in which blood is propelled by means of wave propagation by an undulating membrane. In this paper, we computationally studied the performance of a new WMBP design (J-shaped) for different working conditions, in view of potential applications in human patients. METHODS Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations were conducted in 3D pump geometries and numerically discretized by means of the extended finite element method (XFEM). A contact model was introduced to capture membrane-wall collisions in the pump head. Mean flow rate and membrane envelope were determined to evaluate hydraulic performance. A preliminary hemocompatibility analysis was performed via calculation of fluid shear stress. RESULTS Numerical results, validated against in vitro experimental data, showed that the hydraulic output increases when either the frequency or the amplitude of membrane oscillations were higher, with limited increase in the fluid stresses, suggesting good hemocompatibility properties. Also, we showed better performance in terms of hydraulic power with respect to a previous design of the pump. We finally studied an operating point which achieves physiologic flow rate target at diastolic head pressure of 80 mmHg. CONCLUSION A new design of WMBP was computationally studied. The proposed FSI model with contact was employed to predict the new pump hydraulic performance and it could help to properly select an operating point for the upcoming first-in-human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Martinolli
- MOX, Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Christian Vergara
- LaBS, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Geometric Optimization of an Extracorporeal Centrifugal Blood Pump with an Unshrouded Impeller Concerning Both Hydraulic Performance and Shear Stress. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrifugal blood pumps have provided a powerful artificial support system for patients with vascular diseases. In the design process, geometrical optimization is usually needed to acquire a more biocompatible model for clinical uses. In the current paper, we propose a method for multi-objective optimization concerning both the hydraulic and the hemolytic performances of the pump based on the near-orthogonal array in which the traditional hemolysis index (HI) is replaced with the maximum scalar shear stress criteria to reduce the computation load. The method is demonstrated with the optimization of an extracorporeal centrifugal blood pump with an unshrouded impeller. CFD studies on the original and nine modified pump models are carried out. The calculated hydraulic performances of the optimized model are also compared against the experiments for validation of the numeric method, with an error of 3.6% at the original design point. The resulting blood pump with low maximum scalar shear stress (132.2 Pa) shows a low degree of calculated HI (1.69 × 10−3).
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Kannojiya V, Das AK, Das PK. Comparative assessment of different versions of axial and centrifugal LVADs: A review. Artif Organs 2021; 45:665-681. [PMID: 33434332 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have gained tremendous acceptance for the treatment of end-stage heart failure patients. Among different versions, axial flow and centrifugal flow LVADs have shown remarkable potential for clinical implants. It is also very crucial to know which device serves its purpose better to treat heart failure patients. A thorough comparison of axial and centrifugal LVADs, which may guide doctors in deciding before the implant, still lacks in the literature. In this work, an assessment of axial and centrifugal LVADs has been made to suggest a better device by comparing their engineering, clinical, and technological development of design aspects. Hydrodynamic and hemodynamic aspects for both types of pumps are discussed along with their biocompatibility, bearing types, and sizes. It has been observed numerically that centrifugal LVADs perform better over axial LVADs in every engineering aspect like higher hydraulic efficiency, better characteristics curve, lesser power intake, and also lesser blood damage. However, the clinical outcomes suggest that centrifugal LVADs experience higher events of infections, renal, and respiratory dysfunction. In contrast, axial LVADs encountered higher bleeding and cardiac arrhythmia. Moreover, recent technological developments suggested that magnetic type bearings along with biocompatible coating improve the life of LVADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kannojiya
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Arup Kumar Das
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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YAZDANPANH-ARDAKANI KOHYAR, NIROOMAND-OSCUII HANIEH. COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A CENTRIFUGAL LVAD WITH THE IMPELLER DESIGNED BY INDUSTRIAL METHOD: PROPOSING SIMPLE-TO-MANUFACTURE LVAD’S IMPELLERS. J MECH MED BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519421500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the demand of donor hearts for patients with end-stage heart failure is growing, its supply has remained constant. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide a chance of finding donor heart by increasing waiting period. In this study, the main goal is to employ an industrial method (point-by-point method) for designing blades profile with a simplified geometry which can be produced by conventional manufacturing methods. In this study, a centrifugal continuous-flow rotary pump is designed and the effects of components’ different geometries on the left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) function are investigated. Moreover, both hydraulic performance and blood damages (hemolysis index (HI)) caused by the pump are considered as design criteria. ANSYS CFX 17 is used to analyze the performance of the designed LVAD. Additionally, the geometry of components are investigated based on fulfilling the required performance of the LVAD while reducing the blood damage level. Comparing the designed VAD with the commercial ones shows that the designed blade further improves the performance of the centrifugal LVAD. Therefore, designing the impeller’s blade profile with point-by-point method seems to be promising. Simplicity in manufacturing is considered to be a big advantage for a design which also leads to lower manufacturing costs. This study demonstrates how industrial design methods can be employed to design simple-to-manufacture impellers which are suitable for LVADs.
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