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Ho CY, Lin YT, Chen HH, Ho WY, Sun GC, Hsiao M, Lu PJ, Cheng PW, Tseng CJ. CX3CR1-microglia mediates neuroinflammation and blood pressure regulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii of fructose-induced hypertensive rats. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:185. [PMID: 32532282 PMCID: PMC7291459 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a common pathophysiological trait found in both hypertension and cardiac vascular disease. Recent evidence indicates that fractalkine (FKN) and its receptor CX3CR1 have been linked to inflammatory response in the brain of hypertensive animal models. Here, we investigated the role of CX3CR1-microglia in nitric oxide (NO) generation during chronic inflammation and systemic blood pressure recovery in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). METHODS The hypertensive rat model was used to study the role of CX3CR1-microglia in NTS inflammation following hypertension induction by oral administration of 10% fructose water. The systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method of non-invasive blood pressure. The CX3CR1 inhibitor AZD8797 was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) in the fructose-induced hypertensive rat. Using immunoblotting, we studied the nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway, NO concentration, and the levels of FKN and CX3CR1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, FKN, and CX3CR1 were elevated two weeks after fructose feeding. AZD8797 inhibited CX3CR1-microglia, which improved the regulation of systemic blood pressure and NO generation in the NTS. We also found that IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were recovered by AZD8797 addition. CONCLUSION We conclude that CX3CR1-microglia represses the nNOS signaling pathway and promotes chronic inflammation in fructose-induced hypertension. Collectively, our results reveal the role of chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in NTS neuroinflammation with the involvement of FKN and CX3CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yi Ho
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Section of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81300, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81300, Taiwan
- Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 82144, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Ho
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Ching Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81300, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81300, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Combined network pharmacology and virtual reverse pharmacology approaches for identification of potential targets to treat vascular dementia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:257. [PMID: 31937840 PMCID: PMC6959222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency among older people. If the lives of people with dementia are to be improved, research and its translation into druggable target are crucial. Ancient systems of healthcare (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Sowa-Rigpa) have been used from centuries for the treatment vascular diseases and dementia. This traditional knowledge can be transformed into novel targets through robust interplay of network pharmacology (NetP) with reverse pharmacology (RevP), without ignoring cutting edge biomedical data. This work demonstrates interaction between recent and traditional data, and aimed at selection of most promising targets for guiding wet lab validations. PROTEOME, DisGeNE, DISEASES and DrugBank databases were used for selection of genes associated with pathogenesis and treatment of vascular dementia (VaD). The selection of new potential drug targets was made by methods of NetP (DIAMOnD algorithm, enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways and biological processes of Gene Ontology) and manual expert analysis. The structures of 1976 phytomolecules from the 573 Indian medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of dementia and vascular diseases were used for computational estimation of their interactions with new predicted VaD-related drug targets by RevP approach based on PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software. We found 147 known genes associated with vascular dementia based on the analysis of the databases with gene-disease associations. Six hundred novel targets were selected by NetP methods based on 147 gene associations. The analysis of the predicted interactions between 1976 phytomolecules and 600 NetP predicted targets leaded to the selection of 10 potential drug targets for the treatment of VaD. The translational value of these targets is discussed herewith. Twenty four drugs interacting with 10 selected targets were identified from DrugBank. These drugs have not been yet studied for the treatment of VaD and may be investigated in this field for their repositioning. The relation between inhibition of two selected targets (GSK-3, PTP1B) and the treatment of VaD was confirmed by the experimental studies on animals and reported separately in our recent publications.
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Yao Y, Zhu L, Fang Z, Yang S, Chen Y, Jin Y, Zhao X, Zhao H, Zhuang Q, Chen X, Shen C. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Receptor Contribute Genetic Susceptibility to Hypertension in a Han Chinese Population. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:422-430. [PMID: 29126188 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been suggested to mediate the pathophysiological response to elevated blood pressure. This study aims to evaluate the association of IGF-1 and IGF-1R with hypertension. METHODS Overall, 2,012 hypertensive cases and 2,210 controls were included in a case-control study, and 10 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) were selected. The association of these SNPs with hypertension was further evaluated in a follow-up analysis and in an adolescent population. RESULTS A case-control study indicated that rs1815009 and rs2654981 in IGF-1R were significantly associated with hypertension, with odds ratios of 0.89 (P = 0.009) and 1.19 (P = 0.034), respectively, after adjusting for covariates. Stratification analyses revealed significant associations with hypertension (P < 0.05) for rs35767 in normal weight and obese populations; for rs2229765 in individuals <55 years of age and in overweight and nondrinking populations; and for rs2002880 in overweight and drinking populations. In a follow-up study, rs13379905 in IGF-1R was associated with hypertension incidence (hazard ratio, HR = 1.24, P = 0.042). This association was more significant in individuals with a hypertensive family history (HR = 2.10, P = 0.001). The association of rs13379905 with prehypertension and hypertension was further replicated in adolescent males (P = 0.005). Significant associations with hypertension incidence (P < 0.05) were observed for rs6219 in individuals <55 years of age and among those with obesity and a hypertensive family history as well as rs2002880 in obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IGF-1R may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to hypertension, with BMI, age, and family history of hypertension all potentially modulating the genetic effects of IGF-1 on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshui Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Zhengmei Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Xianghai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
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Intravenous delivery of adeno-associated virus 9-encoded IGF-1Ea propeptide improves post-infarct cardiac remodelling. NPJ Regen Med 2016; 1:16001. [PMID: 29302333 PMCID: PMC5744701 DOI: 10.1038/npjregenmed.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor Ea propeptide (IGF-1Ea) is a powerful enhancer of cardiac muscle growth and regeneration, also blocking age-related atrophy and beneficial in multiple skeletal muscle diseases. The therapeutic potential of IGF-1Ea compared with mature IGF-1 derives from its local action in the area of synthesis. We have developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for IGF-1Ea delivery to the heart to treat mice after myocardial infarction and examine the reparative effects of local IGF-1Ea production on left ventricular remodelling. A cardiotropic AAV9 vector carrying a cardiomyocyte-specific IGF-1Ea-luciferase bi-cistronic gene expression cassette (AAV9.IGF-1Ea) was administered intravenously to infarcted mice, 5 h after ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R), as a model of myocardial infarction. Virally encoded IGF-1Ea in the heart improved global left ventricular function and remodelling, as measured by wall motion and thickness, 28 days after delivery, with higher viral titers yielding better improvement. The present study demonstrates that single intravenous AAV9-mediated IGF-1Ea Gene Therapy represents a tissue-targeted therapeutic approach to prevent the adverse remodelling after myocardial infarct.
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