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Zhu D, Zhou X. Exploration of Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Curcumin in the Treatment of COVID-19 with Depression by an Integrative Pharmacology Strategy. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2501-2519. [PMID: 37881069 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128260436231016061938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only causes a range of respiratory symptoms but also has a great impact on individual mental health. With the global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, the incidence of COVID-19 comorbid with depression has increased significantly. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound, has been shown to have antidepressant and anti-coronavirus activities. METHODS This study aimed to explore the molecular targets and underlying biological mechanisms of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 with depression through an integrative pharmacology strategy, including target prediction, network analysis, PPI analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, and molecular docking. RESULTS After a comprehensive search and thorough analysis, 8 core targets (ALB, AKT1, CASP3, STAT3, EGFR, PTGS2, FOS, and SERPINE1) were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed that the pathways related to viral infection, immune regulation, neuronal reorganization, apoptosis, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were involved in the pathological process. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that curcumin could spontaneously bind to the SARS-CoV-2-related receptor proteins and the core targets with a strong binding force. CONCLUSION The potential pharmacological mechanisms of curcumin in COVID-19 comorbid depression were evaluated. Curcumin can be used as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 comorbid depression. One of the potential mechanisms may be to reduce the inflammatory response and suppress the cytokine storm by regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. These findings may help to overcome the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Evaluation of Circulating Platelet Extracellular Vesicles and Hypertension Mediated Organ Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315150. [PMID: 36499475 PMCID: PMC9741224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) have been associated with arterial hypertension. The role of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) to induce EV release is still unknown. We studied the micro- and macro-vascular changes (retinal vascular density and pulse wave velocity), endothelial function (flow-mediated vasodilation of brachial artery and finger plethysmography), and assessed the psychosocial status (anxiety and depression) in hypertensive patients to determine their relationship with EV release. Pulse wave velocity showed a significant positive correlation with pEVs (r = 0.33; p = 0.01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) negatively correlated with retinal vascularity. The superficial retinal vascular plexus density in the whole image showed a significant negative correlation with 24 h SBP (r = −0.38, p < 0.01), day-SBP (r = −0.35, p = 0.01), and night-SBP (r = −0.27, p = 0.04). pEVs did not show significant associations with microvascular damage (retinal vascular density), endothelial function (flow-mediated vasodilation of brachial artery and finger plethysmography), or psychosocial status (anxiety and depression). Our results indicate that the pEV levels were associated with macrovascular damage measured by PWV, whereas no significant association between pEVs and microvascular damage, endothelial function, or emotional status could be detected. The potential utility of pEV in clinical practice in the context of HMOD may be limited to macrovascular changes.
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Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology-Based Approaches to Explore the Potential Mechanism of the Antidepressant Effect of Cyperi Rhizoma through Soothing the Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:8614963. [PMID: 35126596 PMCID: PMC8816580 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8614963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become the second most common disease worldwide, making it a threat to human health. Cyperi Rhizoma (CR) is a traditional herbal medicine with antidepressant properties. Traditional Chinese medicine theory states that CR relieves MDD by dispersing stagnated liver qi to soothe the liver, but the material basis and underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, we identified the active compounds and potential anti-MDD targets of CR by network pharmacology-based approaches. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we hypothesized that the anti-MDD effect of CR may be mediated by an altered response of the liver to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glucose metabolism. Through bioinformatics analysis, comparing normal and MDD liver tissue in rats with spontaneous diabetes, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and selected PAI-1 (SERPINE1) as a target of CR in combating MDD. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis also verified the binding of the active compound quercetin to PAI-1. It can be concluded that quercetin is the active compound of CR that acts against MDD by targeting PAI-1 to enhance the liver response to LPS and glucose metabolism. This study not only reveals the material basis and underlying mechanism of CR against MDD through soothing the liver but also provides evidence for PAI-1 as a potential target and quercetin as a potential agent for MDD treatment.
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Vascular and blood-brain barrier-related changes underlie stress responses and resilience in female mice and depression in human tissue. Nat Commun 2022; 13:164. [PMID: 35013188 PMCID: PMC8748803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence, symptoms, and treatment of depression suggest that major depressive disorders (MDD) present sex differences. Social stress-induced neurovascular pathology is associated with depressive symptoms in male mice; however, this association is unclear in females. Here, we report that chronic social and subchronic variable stress promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations in mood-related brain regions of female mice. Targeted disruption of the BBB in the female prefrontal cortex (PFC) induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviours. By comparing the endothelium cell-specific transcriptomic profiling of the mouse male and female PFC, we identify several pathways and genes involved in maladaptive stress responses and resilience to stress. Furthermore, we confirm that the BBB in the PFC of stressed female mice is leaky. Then, we identify circulating vascular biomarkers of chronic stress, such as soluble E-selectin. Similar changes in circulating soluble E-selectin, BBB gene expression and morphology can be found in blood serum and postmortem brain samples from women diagnosed with MDD. Altogether, we propose that BBB dysfunction plays an important role in modulating stress responses in female mice and possibly MDD.
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Liu C, Yang C. Commentary: Serum Biomarkers Are Potential Diagnosis and Treatment Targets for Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:649705. [PMID: 34163381 PMCID: PMC8215195 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cunming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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PAI-1 protein is a key molecular effector in the transition from normal to PTSD-like fear memory. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4968-4981. [PMID: 33510345 PMCID: PMC8589667 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Moderate stress increases memory and facilitates adaptation. In contrast, intense stress can induce pathological memories as observed in post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). A shift in the balance between the expression of tPA and PAI-1 proteins is responsible for this transition. In conditions of moderate stress, glucocorticoid hormones increase the expression of the tPA protein in the hippocampal brain region which by triggering the Erk1/2MAPK signaling cascade strengthens memory. When stress is particularly intense, very high levels of glucocorticoid hormones then increase the production of PAI-1 protein, which by blocking the activity of tPA induces PTSD-like memories. PAI-1 levels after trauma could be a predictive biomarker of the subsequent appearance of PTSD and pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 activity a new therapeutic approach to this debilitating condition.
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Dong Y, Hong W, Tang Z, Gao Y, Wu X, Liu H. Sevoflurane leads to learning and memory dysfunction via breaking the balance of tPA/PAI-1. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104789. [PMID: 32650025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to general anesthesia in early childhood may lead to adverse effects on adolescent neurocognition. This study investigated the effects of multiple inhalations of sevoflurane on long-term learning and memory in developing rats, and explored the mechanistic role of the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) fibrinolysis system and its regulatory relationship with the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by activation of tropomysin related kinase B (TrkB). After rats were inhaled with sevoflurane for 2 h/d for three days, the expression levels of tPA, PAI-1, BDNF, its precursor(proBDNF), TrkB and phosphorylation of TrkB (p-TrkB) were detected at different time points. After 28 d, Morris water maze was used to examine learning and memory function; Golgi staining was used to investigate synaptic plasticity and synaptic-related proteins, such as Synapsin I(SYN1), growth associated protein 43(GAP-43), and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95). Rats were given exogenous tPA and an inhibitor of PAI-1, TM5275. The results showed multiple inhalation of sevoflurane led to learning and memory dysfunction, downregulated the expression of the synaptic-related proteins, decreased dendritic spine density in the hippocampus, increased the expression level of proBDNF and PAI-1, and reduced expression of BDNF, tPA, and p-TrkB. Interestingly, tPA or TM5275 partially reversed the learning and memory dysfunction and the reduction of synaptic plasticity induced by sevoflurane exposure. Furthermore, they blocked the upregulation of proBDNF and PAI-1 protein expression and increased the expression of BDNF, tPA, and p-TrkB. The protective effect of tPA or TM5275 on rats following multiple sevoflurane inhalation was blocked by a TrkB inhibitor. Multiple inhalation of sevoflurane in rats inhibited the cleavage of proBDNF by disrupting the balance of the tPA/PAI-1 fibrinolysis system. This blocked the activation of the downstream TrkB signaling pathway and reduced hippocampal synaptic plasticity, leading to long-term learning and memory dysfunction. Therefore, Sevoflurane exposure could lead to learning and memory dysfunction by inhibiting BDNF cleavage via breaking the balance of tPA/PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyin Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiuying Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Vaccarino V, Badimon L, Bremner JD, Cenko E, Cubedo J, Dorobantu M, Duncker DJ, Koller A, Manfrini O, Milicic D, Padro T, Pries AR, Quyyumi AA, Tousoulis D, Trifunovic D, Vasiljevic Z, de Wit C, Bugiardini R. Depression and coronary heart disease: 2018 position paper of the ESC working group on coronary pathophysiology and microcirculation. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:1687-1696. [PMID: 30698764 PMCID: PMC10941327 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program (ICCC), IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CiberCV-Institute Carlos III. Autonomous University of Barcelona, C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, 670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Edina Cenko
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Program (ICCC), IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CiberCV-Institute Carlos III. Autonomous University of Barcelona, C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ of Bucharest, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, Calea Floreasca 8, Sector 1, Bucuresti, 014461, Romania
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Akos Koller
- Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Alkotas street, 44, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Olivia Manfrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davor Milicic
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program (ICCC), IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CiberCV-Institute Carlos III. Autonomous University of Barcelona, C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Axel R Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charitè-University Medicine, Thielallee 71, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Danijela Trifunovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Vasiljevic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck and Deutsches Zentrumfür Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Raffaele Bugiardini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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Benoit SM, Xu H, Schmid S, Alexandrova R, Kaur G, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Pereira SL, Jog M, Hebb MO. Expanding the search for genetic biomarkers of Parkinson's disease into the living brain. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104872. [PMID: 32302674 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gene expression related to Parkinson's Disease (PD) has not been described in the living brain, yet this information may support novel discovery pertinent to disease pathophysiology and treatment. This study compared the transcriptome in brain biopsies obtained from living PD and Control patients. To evaluate the novelty of this data, a comprehensive literature review also compared differentially expressed gene (DEGs) identified in the current study with those reported in PD cadaveric brain and peripheral tissues. RNA was extracted from rapidly cryopreserved frontal lobe specimens collected from PD and Control patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed and validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. DEG data was assessed using bioinformatics and subsequently included within a comparative analysis of PD RNA-Seq studies. 370 DEGs identified in living brain specimens reflected diverse gene groups and included key members of trophic signaling, apoptosis, inflammation and cell metabolism pathways. The comprehensive literature review yielded 7 RNA-Seq datasets generated from blood, skin and cadaveric brain but none from a living brain source. From the current dataset, 123 DEGs were identified only within the living brain and 267 DEGs were either newly found or had distinct directional change in living brain relative to other tissues. This is the first known study to analyze the transcriptome in brain tissue from living PD and Control patients. The data produced using these methods offer a unique, unexplored resource with potential to advance insight into the genetic associations of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Benoit
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 339 Windermere Road, Suite C7-134, London N6A 5A5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 339 Windermere Road, Suite C7-134, London N6A 5A5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susanne Schmid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, Medical Sciences Building, Room 443, London N6A 3K7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roumiana Alexandrova
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 656 Bay Street, Room 139800, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaganjot Kaur
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 656 Bay Street, Room 139800, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 656 Bay Street, Room 139800, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio L Pereira
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 656 Bay Street, Room 139800, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandar Jog
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 339 Windermere Road, Suite C7-134, London N6A 5A5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew O Hebb
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 339 Windermere Road, Suite C7-134, London N6A 5A5, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, Medical Sciences Building, Room 443, London N6A 3K7, Ontario, Canada.
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Synergy between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, α-synuclein, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 138:109602. [PMID: 32035284 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative nervous system disorder and is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population. The disease originates from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra in the brain, resulting in unregulated activity of the basal ganglia. Αlpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a protein found to aggregate in the substantia nigra region of patients with PD, forming Lewy Body inclusions; its aggregation may contribute to neuronal cell death in PD. This work hypothesizes about the synergistic relationship between α-syn aggregation and neuroinflammation to up-regulate expression of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The protease, plasmin, has been shown to cleave extracellular α-syn (including its monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillary forms), resulting in less aggregation and Lewy Body formation. The zymogen plasminogen is converted to its active serine protease form, plasmin, either by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or by urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) bound to urokinase receptor (uPAR). Both tPA and uPA/uPAR are inhibited by PAI-1. Thus, when PAI-1 levels increase, less plasmin is generated, which would lead to reduced proteolysis of α-syn. Expression of PAI-1 is increased both in inflammatory environments and in the presence of extracellular α-syn aggregates. This scenario suggests a pathological amplification loop: increased extracellular α-syn aggregation activates an inflammatory response from microglia and astrocytes, increasing PAI-1 levels, and decreasing the generation of plasmin. With reduced plasmin, less α-syn can be cleaved, and aggregation continues, sustaining the pathological process. Understanding this putative pathogenic loop could provide insight into the means by which neurodegeneration progresses in PD, and it may offer possible novel therapeutic strategies.
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Rahamon S, Akinlade K, Arinola O, Kakako S, Lasebikan V. Impact of type and duration of use of antipsychotic drugs on plasma levels of selected acute-phase proteins in patients with major mental illnesses. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_27_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Candesartan Neuroprotection in Rat Primary Neurons Negatively Correlates with Aging and Senescence: a Transcriptomic Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1656-1673. [PMID: 31811565 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical experiments and clinical trials demonstrated that angiotensin II AT1 receptor overactivity associates with aging and cellular senescence and that AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) protect from age-related brain disorders. In a primary neuronal culture submitted to glutamate excitotoxicity, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed expression of several hundred genes altered by glutamate and normalized by candesartan correlated with changes in expression in Alzheimer's patient's hippocampus. To further establish whether our data correlated with gene expression alterations associated with aging and senescence, we compared our global transcriptional data with additional published datasets, including alterations in gene expression in the neocortex and cerebellum of old mice, human frontal cortex after age of 40, gene alterations in the Werner syndrome, rodent caloric restriction, Ras and oncogene-induced senescence in fibroblasts, and to tissues besides the brain such as the muscle and kidney. The most significant and enriched pathways associated with aging and senescence were positively correlated with alterations in gene expression in glutamate-injured neurons and, conversely, negatively correlated when the injured neurons were treated with candesartan. Our results involve multiple genes and pathways, including CAV1, CCND1, CDKN1A, CHEK1, ICAM1, IL-1B, IL-6, MAPK14, PTGS2, SERPINE1, and TP53, encoding proteins associated with aging and senescence hallmarks, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle and mitochondrial function alterations, insulin resistance, genomic instability including telomere shortening and DNA damage, and the senescent-associated secretory phenotype. Our results demonstrate that AT1 receptor blockade ameliorates central mechanisms of aging and senescence. Using ARBs for prevention and treatment of age-related disorders has important translational value.
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Mattina GF, Van Lieshout RJ, Steiner M. Inflammation, depression and cardiovascular disease in women: the role of the immune system across critical reproductive events. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 13:1753944719851950. [PMID: 31144599 PMCID: PMC6545651 DOI: 10.1177/1753944719851950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are at increased risk for developing depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the lifespan and their comorbidity is associated with adverse outcomes that contribute significantly to rates of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Immune-system activity has been implicated in the etiology of both depression and CVD, but it is unclear how inflammation contributes to sex differences in this comorbidity. This narrative review provides an updated synthesis of research examining the association of inflammation with depression and CVD, and their comorbidity in women. Recent research provides evidence of pro-inflammatory states and sex differences associated with alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and the serotonin/kynurenine pathway, that likely contribute to the development of depression and CVD. Changes to inflammatory cytokines in relation to reproductive periods of hormonal fluctuation (i.e. the menstrual cycle, perinatal period and menopause) are highlighted and provide a greater understanding of the unique vulnerability women experience in developing both depressed mood and adverse cardiovascular events. Inflammatory biomarkers hold substantial promise when combined with a patient’s reproductive and mental health history to aid in the prediction, identification and treatment of the women most at risk for CVD and depression. However, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in relation to their comorbidity, and how these findings can be translated to improve women’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella F Mattina
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Sivkov AS, Shih EV, Osadchuk MA, Sivkova SK, Kireeva NV, Chernus NP. COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY OF STATINS PRESCRIBED AT MOST BY CLINICIANS. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2018. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2018-3-22-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate a complex clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of statin drugs — simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin in patients with hyperlipidemia (HL).Material and methods. The assessment of clinical efficacy was done in 90 patients with HL and arterial hypertension of the grades 1 and 2, age 40-75 y.o.; some of them had coronary heart disease.Results. In 90 patients with cardiac pathology and HL, selected to 3 groups by 30 persons, the clinical efficacy of the listed statins was assessed. A significant hypolipidemic effect was noted as a decline of atherogenicity of the blood, with slight more prominent effect of rosuvastatin.Conclusion. The data makes it to conclude the simvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are equally effective hypolipidemic drugs in HL type IIA and IIB patients. The time frame, type and grade of positive changes in lipid profile are almost the same, and in rosuvastatin just slightly more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Sivkov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health
| | - E. V. Shih
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health
| | - M. A. Osadchuk
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health
| | - S. K. Sivkova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health
| | - N. V. Kireeva
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health
| | - N. P. Chernus
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health
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15
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Liguori I, Russo G, Curcio F, Sasso G, Della-Morte D, Gargiulo G, Pirozzi F, Cacciatore F, Bonaduce D, Abete P, Testa G. Depression and chronic heart failure in the elderly: an intriguing relationship. J Geriatr Cardiol 2018; 15:451-459. [PMID: 30108618 PMCID: PMC6087518 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure and depressive disorders have a high prevalence and incidence in the elderly. Several studies have shown how depression tends to exacerbate coexisting chronic heart failure and its clinical outcomes and vice versa, especially in the elderly. The negative synergism between chronic heart failure and depression in the elderly may be approached only taking into account the multifaceted pathophysiological characteristics underlying both these conditions, such as behavioural factors, neurohormonal activation, inflammatory mediators, hypercoagulability and vascular damage. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological link between these two conditions is not well established yet. Despite the high prevalence of depression in chronic heart failure elderly patients and its negative prognostic value, it is often unrecognized especially because of shared symptoms. So the screening of mood disorders, using reliable questionnaires, is recommended in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, even if cannot substitute a diagnostic interview by mental health professionals. In this setting, treatment of depression requires a multidisciplinary approach including: psychotherapy, antidepressants, exercise training and electroconvulsive therapy. Pharmacological therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, despite conflicting results, improves quality of life but does not guarantee better outcomes. Exercise training is effective in improving quality of life and prognosis but at the same time cardiac rehabilitation services are vastly underutilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Liguori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Flora Pirozzi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciatore
- Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Heart Transplantation Unit, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Domenico Bonaduce
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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16
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Zhang Q, Xu C, Lin S, Zhou H, Yao G, Liu H, Wang L, Pan X, Quan G, Wu C. Synergistic immunoreaction of acupuncture-like dissolving microneedles containing thymopentin at acupoints in immune-suppressed rats. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:449-457. [PMID: 29881684 PMCID: PMC5989831 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolving microneedles carried drug molecules can effectively penetrate the stratum corneum of skin to improve the transdermal drug delivery. The traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture is based on the needle stimulation at a specific location (acupoint) to generate and transmit biochemical and physiological signals which alter the pathophysiological state of patients. However, the pain associated with conventional acupuncture needles and the requirement of highly trained professionals limit the development of acupuncture in non-Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the dissolving microneedles can be utilized as a self-administered painless replacement for acupuncture and locally released drug molecules can achieve expected therapeutic outcomes. Immunosuppressive rats were treated with acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) acupoint using microneedles containing thymopentin. The immune functions and psychological mood of the immunosuppressed animals were examined. The proliferation of splenocytes was examined by CCK-8 assay. CD4 and CD8 expression patterns in spleen cells were detected by flow cytometry. The current study showed that use of either microneedles containing thymopentin or conventional acupuncture both resulted in immune cell proliferation, which was confirmed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, either conventional acupuncture or microneedles were able to effectively mitigate the anxiety caused by immune-suppression when applied on the ST36.
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17
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Persson PB, Persson AB. Light and darkness in circadian rhythms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 29337434 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Persson
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Bondke Persson
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
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18
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Tsai SJ. Role of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in psychological stress and depression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113258-113268. [PMID: 29348904 PMCID: PMC5762589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common illness worldwide, but the pathogenesis of the disorder remains incompletely understood. The tissue-type plasminogen activator-plasminogen proteolytic cascade is highly expressed in the brain regions involved in mood regulation and neuroplasticity. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that tissue-type plasminogen activator and its chief inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, are related to stress reaction and depression. Furthermore, the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression postulates that compromised neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) function is directly involved in the pathophysiology of depression. In the brain, the proteolytic cleavage of proBDNF, a BDNF precursor, to mature BDNF through plasmin represents one mechanism that can change the direction of BDNF action. We also discuss the implications of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 alterations as biomarkers for major depressive disorder. Using drugs that increase tissue-type plasminogen activator or decrease plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels may open new avenues to develop conceptually novel therapeutic strategies for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Vaughan DE, Rai R, Khan SS, Eren M, Ghosh AK. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Is a Marker and a Mediator of Senescence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1446-1452. [PMID: 28572158 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) is a member of the evolutionarily conserved serine protease inhibitor family and a potent and rapid-acting inhibitor of both of the mammalian plasminogen activators. Organismal homeostasis requires physiological levels of endogenous PAI-1, and increased PAI-1 production guides the onset and progression of numerous human diseases and contributes to the multimorbidity of aging. Both chronological and stress-induced accelerated aging are associated with cellular senescence and accompanied by marked increases in PAI-1 expression in tissues. Recent studies suggest that PAI-1 is not only a marker but also a key mediator of cellular senescence and organismal aging. Here, we review the significance of PAI-1 as a bonafide marker, as well as a critical mediator, of cellular senescence associated with aging and aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Vaughan
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Rahul Rai
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mesut Eren
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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