Letter: previous exposure to corticosteroids increases the risk of post-discharge venous thromboembolic events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease-author's reply

Spanish Working Group in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) position paper on cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, it is essential to understand their relationship and prevalence in different diseases that may present specific risk factors for them. The objective of this document is to analyze the specific prevalence of CVD in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), describing the presence of classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors in these patients. Additionally, we will detail the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in this patient group and the different methods used to assess cardiovascular risk, including the use of risk calculators in clinical practice and different ways to assess subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, we will describe the potential influence of medication used for managing patients with IBD on cardiovascular risk, as well as the potential influence of commonly used drugs for managing CVD on the course of IBD. The document provides comments and evidence-based recommendations based on available evidence and expert opinion. An interdisciplinary group of gastroenterologists specialized in IBD management, along with a consulting cardiologist for this type of patients, participated in the development of these recommendations by the Spanish Group of Work on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU).