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Duan J, Wang Z, Duan R, Yang C, Zhao R, Feng Q, Qin Y, Jiang J, Gu S, Lv K, zhang L, He B, Birnbaumer L, Yang S, Chen Z, Yang Y. Therapeutic targeting of hepatic ACSL4 ameliorates NASH in mice. Hepatology 2022; 75:140-153. [PMID: 34510514 PMCID: PMC8688219 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Globally, NAFLD is one of the most common liver disorders, with an estimated prevalence rate of more than 30% in men and 15% in women and an even higher prevalence in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Optimal pharmacologic therapeutic approaches for NAFLD are an urgent necessity. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we showed that compared with healthy controls, hepatic ACSL4 levels in patients with NAFLD were found to be elevated. Suppression of ACSL4 expression promoted mitochondrial respiration, thereby enhancing the capacity of hepatocytes to mediate β-oxidation of fatty acids and to minimize lipid accumulation by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 alpha. Moreover, we found that abemaciclib is a potent and selective ACSL4 inhibitor, and low dose of abemaciclib significantly ameliorated most of the NAFLD symptoms in multiple NAFLD mice models. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, inhibition of ACSL4 is a potential alternative therapeutic approach for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenxinhui Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ruolin Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shouyong Gu
- Province Geriatic Hospital, 30 Luojia Road, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Kaiyan Lv
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Libo zhang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bixia He
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AFF, Argentina, and Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Center of hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Torres-Peña JD, Martín-Piedra L, Fuentes-Jiménez F. Statins in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:777131. [PMID: 34901236 PMCID: PMC8652077 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.777131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the primary cause of chronic liver disease. The range is extensive, including hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, fibrosis, fatty liver, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a condition related to obesity, overweight, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. It is a dynamic condition that can regress to isolated steatosis or progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Statins exert anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antifibrotic effects. It has been proposed that these drugs could have a relevant role in NASH. In this review, we provide an overview of current evidence, from mechanisms of statins involved in the modulation of NASH to human trials about the use of statins to treat or attenuate NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Piedra
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Fuentes-Jiménez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
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Targher G, Corey KE, Byrne CD. NAFLD, and cardiovascular and cardiac diseases: Factors influencing risk, prediction and treatment. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 47:101215. [PMID: 33296704 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting up to around 30% of the world's adult population, causes considerable liver-related and extrahepatic morbidity and mortality. Strong evidence indicates that NAFLD (especially its more severe forms) is associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality, and the predominant cause of mortality in this patient population is cardiovascular disease (CVD). This narrative review aims to discuss the strong association between NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular, cardiac and arrhythmic complications. Also discussed are the putative mechanisms linking NAFLD to CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications, with a brief summary of CVD risk prediction/stratification and management of the increased CVD risk observed in patients with NAFLD. RESULTS NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of CVD events and other cardiac complications (left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular calcification, certain arrhythmias) independently of traditional CVD risk factors. The magnitude of risk of CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications parallels the severity of NAFLD (especially liver fibrosis severity). There are most likely multiple underlying mechanisms through which NAFLD may increase risk of CVD and cardiac/arrhythmic complications. Indeed, NAFLD exacerbates hepatic and systemic insulin resistance, promotes atherogenic dyslipidaemia, induces hypertension, and triggers synthesis of proatherogenic, procoagulant and proinflammatory mediators that may contribute to the development of CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications. CONCLUSION Careful assessment of CVD risk is mandatory in patients with NAFLD for primary prevention of CVD, together with pharmacological treatment for coexisting CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
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Targher G. What's Past Is Prologue: History of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100397. [PMID: 33049948 PMCID: PMC7600667 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial descriptions in the early 1980s by Dr. Ludwig et al. and Drs. Schaffner and Thaler, who firstly coined the terms nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), this liver disease has become a global health problem worldwide, causing considerable liver-related and extra-hepatic morbidity and mortality. Based on pathophysiological insights gained from the past decades, it has been clearly established that NAFLD is a metabolic liver disease whose etiology and pathogenesis extends beyond the liver and that NAFLD has important clinical implications, especially in terms of an increased risk of developing both cardiovascular disease (which represents the leading cause of death in this patient population) and other extra-hepatic manifestations, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and some extra-hepatic cancers. The aim of this brief commentary is to discuss a recent review article written by Dr. Lonardo and colleagues, who raised awareness of the history of NAFLD. Since “What’s past is prologue”, I believe that this review article focusing on the history of NAFLD may contribute to better understanding the disease itself, as well as to anticipating the lines of the future clinical and pharmacological research of this common and burdensome liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
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