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Makalani AL, Kawashima T, Ishii Y, Takahashi T. Effects of Italian ryegrass silage supplementation on feed intake and behavior of pregnant sows. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13887. [PMID: 37986212 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the behavior and stress status of pregnant sows following supplementation with Italian ryegrass silage (IRS) and the impact of feeding the IRS on feeding costs. Six sows with an initial body weight (BW) of 238.6 ± 5.9 kg were allotted to a 6 × 3 Latin square design with a 5-day acclimatization period followed by a 5-day data collection period. A commercial diet was replaced by IRS on a dry matter (DM) basis up to 0%, 9%, and 13% in the control treatment and the two test treatments, respectively. Apart from collecting data on daily feed intake and BW, urine was collected, and video footage was recorded for the last day of each treatment for analysis of urinary cortisol and behavior. There were no leftovers with all diets and nutrient uptake was unaffected (p > 0.05), while BW gain decreased (p < 0.05) to be a limited range from 1% to 3%, with increased inclusion of IRS. Both the behavior of sows and cortisol concentration were unaffected (p > 0.05). Furthermore, it was estimated that feeding 13% DM of IRS would reduce feed costs by 17%. IRS would be acceptable in replacing up to 13% of the commercial diet and cutting feeding costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Makalani
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawashima
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishii
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Sun HY, Yun HM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio on growth performance, apparent digestibility, blood lipid profiles, fecal microbiota, and meat quality in finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on growth performance, digestibility, blood lipid profiles, fecal microbial counts, and meat quality in finishing pigs were examined by using linseed and fish oil. A total of 140 crossbred finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a 10 wk trial. Pigs were blocked based on body weight (BW) and sex and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments formulated to have n-6/n-3 ratios of 5/1, 10/1, 15/1, and 17/1 (control). Throughout the experiment, BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with a decreased ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Energy digestibility and fecal Lactobacillus count showed a linear (P < 0.05) increase in week 10. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood triglyceride concentrations increased (P < 0.1) during week 10. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced (P < 0.05) linearly during week 5 and week 10 with a reduction in dietary n-6/n-3 ratio. This study provides a basis for future research on altering n-6/n-3 ratio by using linseed oil and refined fish oil in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang Sun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Hyeok Min Yun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
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Rooney HB, O'Driscoll K, O'Doherty JV, Lawlor PG. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation and sugar beet pulp inclusion in gilt gestation diets on gilt live weight, lactation feed intake, and offspring growth from birth to slaughter1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4208-4218. [PMID: 31410445 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of l-carnitine (CAR) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) inclusion in gilt gestation diets on gilt live weight, cortisol concentration, lactation feed intake, and lifetime growth of progeny. Eighty-four pregnant gilts (Large White × Landrace) were randomly assigned to a treatment at day 38 of gestation until parturition; Control (0% SBP, 0 g CAR), CAR (0.125 g/d CAR), SBP (40% SBP), and SBP plus CAR (40% SBP, 0.125 g/d CAR). Gilts were weighed and back-fat depth was recorded on day 38, day 90, and day 108 of gestation and at weaning. Gilt saliva samples were collected pre-farrowing and fecal consistency was scored from entry to the farrowing room until day 5 post-partum. The number of piglets born (total, live, and stillborn) and individual birth weight was recorded. Piglet blood glucose concentration was measured 24 h post-partum and pigs were weighed on day 1, day 6, day 14, day 26, day 76, day 110, and day 147 of life. Carcass data were collected at slaughter. There was no interaction between CAR and SBP for any variable measured. The SBP-fed gilts were heavier on day 90 and day 108 of gestation (P < 0.05) and lost more weight during lactation (P < 0.05) than control gilts. They also had a greater fecal consistency score (P < 0.01). Total farrowing duration, piglet birth interval, and lactation feed intakes were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). The number of piglets born (total, live, and stillborn) and piglet birth weight was likewise similar between treatments (P > 0.05). Piglets from CAR-fed gilts had lower blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.01), while piglets from SBP-fed gilts had greater blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.01). Piglets from CAR gilts had a lower average daily gain between day 1 and day 6 (P < 0.05) and day 14 and day 26 post-partum (P < 0.05) compared to piglets from control gilts. However, CAR gilts weaned a greater number of pigs (P = 0.07). Live weight and carcass weight at slaughter were heavier for pigs from CAR gilts (P < 0.05) and from SBP gilts (P < 0.05). Pigs from CAR gilts (P < 0.01) and SBP gilts (P < 0.05) had increased carcass muscle depth. In conclusion, no benefit was found from the combined feeding of CAR and SBP. Fed separately, CAR increased the live weight, carcass weight, and muscle depth of progeny at slaughter. Feeding a high SBP diet increased fecal consistency in gilts pre-farrowing and increased live weight and carcass muscle depth of progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel B Rooney
- Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, and.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keelin O'Driscoll
- Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, and
| | - John V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, and
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Liu X, Han Y, Kim I. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fecal microbial flora in growing pigs fed diets containing Spirulina. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary Spirulina (SP) supplementation in growing pigs. A total of 140 pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 25.32 ± 1.36 kg] were randomly distributed to one of four treatments: control, basal diet; treatment 1, basal diet + 0.025% SP; treatment 2, basal diet + 0.050% SP; and treatment 3, basal diet + 0.100% SP. Growing pigs fed 0.050% SP diet had greater (P < 0.05) body weight and fecal Lactobacillus counts compared with pigs fed basal diet. Average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 0.050% and 0.100% SP diets as compared with pigs fed basal diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity for pigs fed 0.050% SP diet tended to increase compared with pigs fed basal diet (P < 0.10). Pigs fed 0.025%, 0.050%, and 0.100% SP had a higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity than pigs fed basal diet. In conclusion, SP supplementation improved growth performance and ATTD of DM, increased the SOD and GPx activity, and enhanced the fecal Lactobacillus counts in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Liu
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Y.S. Han
- Neo Environmental Business Co., Bucheon-si 14523, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - I.H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
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Liao RB, Yan HJ, Liu GH, Zhang S, Chang WH, Liu W, Lin CH, Huang XY, Cai HY. Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance, gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:e849-e855. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Liao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
| | - H. J. Yan
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
| | - G. H. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
| | - S. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
| | - W. H. Chang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
| | - W. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
| | - C. H. Lin
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
| | - X. Y. Huang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
| | - H. Y. Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research institute; Beijing China
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Zhao P, Zhang Z, Lan R, Li T, Kim I. Comparison of efficacy of lactic acid bacteria complex and Enterococcus faecium DSM 7134 in weanling pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1420655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinyao Zhao
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- New Hope Liuhe Co. Ltd., Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengfan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Lan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianshui Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - InHo Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Feyera T, Højgaard CK, Vinther J, Bruun TS, Theil PK. Dietary supplement rich in fiber fed to late gestating sows during transition reduces rate of stillborn piglets. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:5430-5438. [PMID: 29293780 PMCID: PMC6292286 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of dietary fiber (DF) from a behavioral and welfare perspective have been thoroughly studied. However, data on the effects of DF on reproductive performance are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of increased DF supply during the last 2 wk of gestation on stillbirth rate, preweaning mortality, and total piglet mortality. A total of 644 sows were selected for the experiment from a commercial farm, and the sows were inseminated in weekly batches. Sows in the control group ( = 310) were fed according to the normal feeding strategy of the farm with a gestation diet until 1 wk before expected farrowing, then a transition diet until d 5 of lactation, and then a lactation diet until weaning. Sows in the treatment group ( = 334) were fed as the control group except that 280 g/d of the gestation diet (from d 102 to 108 of gestation) and 570 g/d of the transition diet (from d 109 of gestation until farrowing) was daily replaced with 350 and 700 g/d, respectively, of a DF-rich supplement. Both groups received isocaloric diets on a NE basis. The numbers of live-born and stillborn piglets as well as mortality of live-born piglets with presumed causes of death were recorded. The supplemented DF reduced the proportion of stillborn piglets from 8.8 to 6.6% ( < 0.001) and mortality of total born piglets from 22.3 to 19.9% ( = 0.004) but had no impact on preweaning mortality of the piglets ( = 0.21). Moreover, supplemented DF reduced the proportion of death due to poor viability ( < 0.001; 2.8 vs. 1.5% in the control and treatment groups, respectively) and prevalence of piglet diarrhea ( = 0.004; 0.7 vs. 0.3% in the control and treatment groups, respectively). Crushing, low birth weight, and poor viability were the top 3 contributors to preweaning mortality of live-born piglets, in descending order. In conclusion, the supplemented DF reduced the proportion of stillborn piglets and total piglet mortality as well as mortality due to poor viability and piglet diarrhea in lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Feyera
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - C. K. Højgaard
- SEGES Danish Pig Research Centre, DK-1609, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Vinther
- SEGES Danish Pig Research Centre, DK-1609, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T. S. Bruun
- SEGES Danish Pig Research Centre, DK-1609, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. K. Theil
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Yin J, Lee KY, Kim JK, Kim IH. Effects of different n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio on reproductive performance, fecal microbiota and nutrient digestibility of gestation-lactating sows and suckling piglets. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1744-1752. [PMID: 28594101 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on reproductive performance, fecal microbiota and nutrient digestibility of gestation-lactating sows and suckling piglets. Fifteen primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allotted into three treatments. Fed diets contained different ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA, including 20:1, 15:1 and 10:1. No differences were detected among the treatments for average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows and the back fat levels during lactation (P > 0.05). Body weight (BW) loss of sows after farrowing to weanling was greater in the 10:1 treatment compared with 15:1 or 20:1 (P < 0.05). In piglets, a great significant difference for BW was observed at 4 weeks (P < 0.01). Furthermore, average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the 10:1 treatment was higher (P < 0.05). No difference was observed among treatments in nutrient digestibility of sows (P > 0.05). A great significant difference for fecal microbiota was in the 10:1 treatment compared with 20:1 and 15:1 treatments (P < 0.01). In conclusion, altering the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in gestation-lactating sow diet had no difference on nutrient digestibility in gestation-lactating sows, but it can partially improve reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yong Lee
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Keun Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
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