1
|
Šlapeta J, Ward MP. Embedding research and enquiry in Australian DVM curriculum. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:324-328. [PMID: 38653562 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Research and enquiry (R&E) is an integral part of veterinary training. It is a foundation of evidence-based practice. In the University of Sydney Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree R&E culminates in a cap-stone experience in Year 3: a 'professionally focused project', a student-driven and academic supported individual research project. The project provides an authentic experience within a veterinary discipline. Students work with an academic advisor who provides guidance for developing and achieving meaningful educational and professional goals. Successful advising depends upon a shared understanding of, and commitment to, the advising process by students, advisors and the university. The R&E mission can be broadly defined as - veterinarians recognise that evidence-based approach to practice, which is based on the scientific method, leads to the generation of new knowledge that underpins the veterinary medical profession.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao X, Gong J, Yang B, Liu Y, Xu H, Hao Y, Jing J, Feng Z, Li L. Effect of classical music on growth performance, stress level, antioxidant index, immune function and meat quality in broilers at different stocking densities. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227654. [PMID: 37601747 PMCID: PMC10437118 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-stocking density is one of the factors that can easily cause oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction of broilers. Currently, music therapy has been proposed to help animals relieve stress to some extent. However, it is still unclear whether classical music can alleviate stress in broilers at high stocking densities. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of classical music on growth performance, stress level, antioxidant index, immune function and meat quality of broilers under different stocking densities. A total of 540 one-day-old broilers with similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, with 6 replicates per group, which included two feeding environments (with/without classical music) and three stocking densities (15.5, 17.9, and 20.3 birds/m2), thereby making a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The results showed as follows: increasing stocking density decreased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain (ADG), increased feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) and mortality of broilers. Moreover, increased density resulted in an increase in serum corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Increasing stocking density decreased spleen and bursal indices, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. Increasing stocking density elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities. Increasing stocking density decreased serum total protein (TP) levels and increased total cholesterol (TC) and glucose (GLU) levels. Additionally, increasing stocking density decreased the cooking liss of pectoralis and increased the L*24h value of pectoralis. Meanwhile, playing classical music for broilers increased their ADG and decreased F/G, and decreased serum CORT, ACTH, GLU content. In addition, the bursa of Fabricius index, serum IgA and IgG contents as well as the a*24h value of pectoralis was increased under the music therapy. In conclusion, high-stocking density (20.3 birds/m2) harmed the growth performance and health of broilers, and the classical music stimulus ameliorated the negative effects to some extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiangang Gong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanci Liu
- Baoding Vocational and Technical College, Baoding, China
| | - Hongjian Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanshuang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jialin Jing
- Hebei Jiuxing Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd., Baoding, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lihua Li
- College of Mechatronical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pennington E, Springer C, Albright J, Castel A. Evaluation of different methods of environmental enrichment to control anxiety in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy after acute intervertebral disc extrusion: a randomized double-blinded study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1124982. [PMID: 37323840 PMCID: PMC10267703 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1124982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on post-operative pain and anxiety in dogs following hemilaminectomy for acute intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). Methods Twenty healthy client-owned dogs undergoing a hemilaminectomy for IVDE with the same immediate post-operative analgesia protocol were randomly assigned to either the EE or standard environment (SE) group post-operatively. Recovery was achieved in an intensive care room (SE) or a separate quiet room (EE) equipped with white noise and classical music. EE dogs were also exposed to dog-appeasing pheromones, essential oil scents, and positive human interactions and were provided meals through food toys. A blinded evaluator assessed all dogs using the modified Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (mGCPS) on presentation and at several time points post-operatively. A rescue injection of the opioid methadone was given to the dogs with an mGCPS score of ≥5/20. Dogs received the antidepressant trazodone when anxious behaviors (5 mg/kg) were observed. The mGCPS scores, the latencies to receive the first methadone and trazodone doses and to eat the first meal, the number of methadone and trazodone doses, and the number of meals ingested in the first 24 and 48 h post-surgery were compared using Wilcoxon tests, and Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false discovery rate was applied. Results Although median mGCPS scores did not differ between the groups, compared to SE dogs (n = 10), EE dogs (n = 6) received trazodone earlier (p = 0.019), were administered fewer methadone injections at 24 h (p = 0.043), and ate more at 48 h post-surgery (p = 0.007). Therefore, EE and anti-anxiety medications could be beneficial in improving the wellbeing of dogs post-operatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellery Pennington
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Cary Springer
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Julia Albright
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Aude Castel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Edwards P, Smith B, McArthur M, Hazel S. At the heart of a dog's veterinary experience: Heart rate responses in dogs vary across a standard physical examination. J Vet Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
5
|
Kriengwatana BP, Mott R, ten Cate C. Music for animal welfare: a critical review & conceptual framework. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Effect of Music on Stress Parameters in Dogs during a Mock Veterinary Visit. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020187. [PMID: 35049809 PMCID: PMC8772971 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Visits to the vet are stressful for many pet dogs, but less is known about how measures of stress change over the course of a visit. Identifying appropriate measures of canine stress, along with successful interventions which alleviate stress in dogs during a veterinary visit, will be of great benefit to dogs and people. Music therapy has been successfully used to reduce stress and anxiety in people and other animals. Specifically, a process called entrainment, which involves playing music at a particular tempo aimed at synchronizing physiological responses, has been implemented with success in humans. The aim of this study was to examine a range of behavioral and physiological measures in dogs over the duration of a veterinary visit and to establish if bespoke music, which mimicked the tempo of their resting heart rate, could improve wellbeing. The results indicated that certain measures increased over time, indicating that dogs became increasingly stressed. Music was not shown to have a demonstrated effect across measures, suggesting that the stressor may be too extreme for this type of intervention to have a positive effect, or that music therapy requires modification before it can be successful in alleviating stress in dogs during a veterinary visit. Abstract Veterinary visits can be stressful for dogs, but how their wellbeing changes during a visit is not well understood. Music therapy has been successfully used in clinical practice to alleviate stress and anxiety in people. The present study aimed to understand how canine stress changes during a veterinary visit, establish the effect of music, and highlight measures which may be of practical use. In a randomized crossover design, dogs were exposed to no music and a bespoke piece of classical music at a tempo designed to match their resting heart rate during a mock veterinary visit. Dogs were scored as more “afraid” during the physical examination compared to when they were in the hospital kennel (p < 0.001). Salivary cortisol, IgA, and infrared temperature all increased significantly (p < 0.05) from baseline to post-kennel and post-examination, with no effect of music treatment. Core body temperature (p = 0.010) and the odds of ‘relaxed’ lips (p = 0.020) were lower when dogs were exposed to music compared to control visits. Overall, dogs experienced changes in physiology and behavior, indicative of increased stress, over the course of the visit. Additional research is required to further understand the effect that bespoke music may have in alleviating canine stress during veterinary visits.
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Marchetto L, Barcellos LJG, Koakoski G, Soares SM, Pompermaier A, Maffi VC, Costa R, da Silva CG, Zorzi NR, Demin KA, Kalueff AV, de Alcantara Barcellos HH. Auditory environmental enrichment prevents anxiety-like behavior, but not cortisol responses, evoked by 24-h social isolation in zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113169. [PMID: 33577884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is widely used as a promising translational model organism for studying various brain disorders. Zebrafish are also commonly used in behavioral and drug screening assays utilizing individually tested (socially isolated) fish. Various sounds represent important exogenous factors that may affect fish behavior. Mounting evidence shows that musical/auditory environmental enrichment can improve welfare of laboratory animals, including fishes. Here, we show that auditory environmental enrichment mitigates anxiogenic-like effects caused by acute 24-h social isolation in adult zebrafish. Thus, auditory environmental enrichment may offer an inexpensive, feasible and simple tool to improve welfare of zebrafish stocks in laboratory facilities, reduce unwanted procedural stress, lower non-specific behavioral variance and, hence, collectively improve zebrafish data reliability and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Marchetto
- Veterinary Medicine Integrated Residency Program, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo J G Barcellos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Bioexperimentation, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gessi Koakoski
- Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suelen M Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Postgraduate Program in Bioexperimentation, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Victoria C Maffi
- Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberta Costa
- Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina G da Silva
- Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natalie R Zorzi
- Postgraduate Program in Bioexperimentation, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Scientific Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia; Biology School, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Neuroscience Program, Sirius National Technical University, Sochi, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Heloisa H de Alcantara Barcellos
- Veterinary Medicine Integrated Residency Program, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bain M. Surgical and Behavioral Relationships With Welfare. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:519. [PMID: 32923471 PMCID: PMC7456887 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinarians perform surgery for a number of reasons, from treating a problem to preventing future problems. There is an inextricable link between the physical and psychological aspects of an animal's health, and surgery is often a conduit to bridge that gap. Some surgical procedures can affect an animal's behavior, such as castration, and some pose an ethical dilemma, such as ear cropping and declawing. Ameliorating pain, decreasing stressful experiences for the animal, and identifying and treating concurrent problem behaviors are hallmarks of improving animal welfare. The purpose of this article is to outline some of these interrelationships and ethical dilemmas, providing evidence-based verification as applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bain
- Clinical Animal Behavior Service, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|