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Shu J, Wei W, Zhang L. Identification of Molecular Signatures and Candidate Drugs in Vascular Dementia by Bioinformatics Analyses. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:751044. [PMID: 35221911 PMCID: PMC8873373 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.751044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is considered to be the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, and no specific drugs have been approved for VaD treatment. We aimed to identify shared transcriptomic signatures between the frontal cortex and temporal cortex in VaD by bioinformatics analyses. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction (PPI) and hub gene identification, hub gene–transcription factor interaction, hub gene–microRNA interaction, and hub gene–drug interaction analyses were performed. We identified 159 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the frontal cortex and temporal cortex that were enriched mainly in inflammation and innate immunity, synapse pruning, regeneration, positive regulation of angiogenesis, response to nutrient levels, and positive regulation of the digestive system process. We identified 10 hub genes in the PPI network (GNG13, CD163, C1QA, TLR2, SST, C1QB, ITGB2, CCR5, CRH, and TAC1), four central regulatory transcription factors (FOXC1, CREB1, GATA2, and HINFP), and four microRNAs (miR-27a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-335-5p, and miR-129-2-3p). Hub gene–drug interaction analysis found four drugs (maraviroc, cenicriviroc, PF-04634817, and efalizumab) that could be potential drugs for VaD treatment. Together, our results may contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms in VaD and provide potential targets and drugs for therapeutic intervention.
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Dilly Penchala S, Alagaratnam J, Challenger E, Amara A, Else L, Winston A, Khoo S. The development and validation of a novel LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of cenicriviroc in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4711. [PMID: 31629375 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for cenicriviroc (CVC) quantification in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method involved precipitation with acetonitrile and injecting supernatants onto the column. Separation was achieved on an XBridge C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. Analyte detection was conducted in positive ion mode using selected reaction monitoring. The m/z transitions were: CVC (697.3 → 574.3) and CVC-d7 (704.4 → 574.3). Calibration curve ranged from 5 to 1000 ng/mL for plasma and from 0.241 to 15.0 ng/mL for CSF. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were <15% for both plasma and CSF across four different concentrations. CVC recovery from plasma and artificial CSF was >90%. The method was utilized for the measurement of patients' plasma and CSF samples taking a dose of 50, 150 and 300 mg q.d.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmini Alagaratnam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alieu Amara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan Winston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Alagaratnam J, Dilly-Penchala S, Challenger E, Else L, Legg K, Petersen C, Jones B, Kulasegaram R, Seyedkazemi S, Lefebvre E, Khoo S, Winston A. Cerebrospinal fluid exposure of cenicriviroc in HIV-positive individuals with cognitive impairment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1039-1040. [PMID: 30834549 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmini Alagaratnam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of HIV & Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Else
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ken Legg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Petersen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brynmor Jones
- Department of HIV & Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ranjababu Kulasegaram
- Department of HIV & Genitourinary Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Star Seyedkazemi
- Clinical Development, Allergan plc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Eric Lefebvre
- Clinical Development, Allergan plc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan Winston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of HIV & Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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