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Rinne MK, Urvas L, Mandrika I, Fridmanis D, Riddy DM, Langmead CJ, Kukkonen JP, Xhaard H. Characterization of a putative orexin receptor in Ciona intestinalis sheds light on the evolution of the orexin/hypocretin system in chordates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7690. [PMID: 38565870 PMCID: PMC10987541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tunicates are evolutionary model organisms bridging the gap between vertebrates and invertebrates. A genomic sequence in Ciona intestinalis (CiOX) shows high similarity to vertebrate orexin receptors and protostome allatotropin receptors (ATR). Here, molecular phylogeny suggested that CiOX is divergent from ATRs and human orexin receptors (hOX1/2). However, CiOX appears closer to hOX1/2 than to ATR both in terms of sequence percent identity and in its modelled binding cavity, as suggested by molecular modelling. CiOX was heterologously expressed in a recombinant HEK293 cell system. Human orexins weakly but concentration-dependently activated its Gq signalling (Ca2+ elevation), and the responses were inhibited by the non-selective orexin receptor antagonists TCS 1102 and almorexant, but only weakly by the OX1-selective antagonist SB-334867. Furthermore, the 5-/6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-labelled human orexin-A was able to bind to CiOX. Database mining was used to predict a potential endogenous C. intestinalis orexin peptide (Ci-orexin-A). Ci-orexin-A was able to displace TAMRA-orexin-A, but not to induce any calcium response at the CiOX. Consequently, we suggested that the orexin signalling system is conserved in Ciona intestinalis, although the relevant peptide-receptor interaction was not fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju K Rinne
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, POB 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Urvas
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, POB 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ilona Mandrika
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jyrki P Kukkonen
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, POB 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Fuller MC, Carlson SF, Grant C, Berry V, Ivancich M, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Viswanath O, Urits I, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD. A Comprehensive Review of Lemborexant to Treat Insomnia. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 54:43-64. [PMID: 38449475 PMCID: PMC10913865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding Lemborexant for the treatment of insomnia. It covers the background and management of insomnia and then reviews the body of existing evidence evaluating the use of Lemborexant for this purpose. Recent Findings Insomnia leads to significant decreased in quality of life and economic burden due to decreased workplace performance and increased health care costs. Insomnia manifests as a single common pathway of hyperarousal due to a highly complex network of interactions between activation of the sympathetic system and the endocrine system. Lemborexant is a dual orexin 1/2 antagonist that blocks cortical arousal and promotes sleep state transition. Lemborexant was approved by the FDA in 2019 for use in insomnia. It belongs to a class of orexin neuropeptide inhibitors that is growing in popular clinical application. Summary Insomnia is a crippling disorder of the sleep wake cycle that drives significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. It carries a high societal and economic toll due to direct and indirect effects to the healthcare system. Lemborexant is a new addition to the orexin antagonist class of drugs that already includes Almorexant and Suvorexant that has superior pharmacokinetic properties. While Lemborexant does have a mild side effect profile, its clinical safety and efficacy make it a promising insomnia drug of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Fuller
- Fuller, MD, Dartmouth School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Hanover, NH
| | - Samuel F Carlson
- Carlson, MD, University of Iowa, Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chris Grant
- Grant, MD, University of California, Irvine, Department of Internal Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Vince Berry
- Berry, MD, University of Chicago, Department of Anesthesiology, Chicago, IL
| | - Marko Ivancich
- Ivancich, MD, Cape Fear Valley Health, Department of Psychiatry, Fayetteville, NC
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Cornett, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport LA
| | - Adam M Kaye
- Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport LA; University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Anesthesiology, Phoenix, AZ; Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants-Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ; Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE
| | - Ivan Urits
- Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport LA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Shekoohi, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport LA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport LA
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Keenan RJ, Daykin H, Metha J, Cornthwaite-Duncan L, Wright DK, Clarke K, Oberrauch S, Brian M, Stephenson S, Nowell CJ, Allocca G, Barnham KJ, Hoyer D, Jacobson LH. Orexin 2 receptor antagonism sex-dependently improves sleep/wakefulness and cognitive performance in tau transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:87-106. [PMID: 37553894 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tau pathology contributes to a bidirectional relationship between sleep disruption and neurodegenerative disease. Tau transgenic rTg4510 mice model tauopathy symptoms, including sleep/wake disturbances, which manifest as marked hyperarousal. This phenotype can be prevented by early transgene suppression; however, whether hyperarousal can be rescued after onset is unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Three 8-week experiments were conducted with wild-type and rTg4510 mice after age of onset of hyperarousal (4.5 months): (1) Tau transgene suppression with doxycycline (200 ppm); (2) inactive phase rapid eye movement (REM) sleep enhancement with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant (50 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ); or (3) Active phase non-NREM (NREM) and REM sleep enhancement using the selective orexin 2 (OX2 ) receptor antagonist MK-1064 (40 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ). Sleep was assessed using polysomnography, cognition using the Barnes maze, and tau pathology using immunoblotting and/or immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Tau transgene suppression improved tauopathy and hippocampal-dependent spatial memory, but did not modify hyperarousal. Pharmacological rescue of REM sleep deficits did not improve spatial memory or tau pathology. In contrast, normalising hyperarousal by increasing both NREM and REM sleep via OX2 receptor antagonism restored spatial memory, independently of tauopathy, but only in male rTg4510 mice. OX2 receptor antagonism induced only short-lived hypnotic responses in female rTg4510 mice and did not improve spatial memory, indicating a tau- and sex-dependent disruption of OX2 receptor signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pharmacologically reducing hyperarousal corrects tau-induced sleep/wake and cognitive deficits. Tauopathy causes sex-dependent disruptions of OX2 receptor signalling/function, which may have implications for choice of hypnotic therapeutics in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Keenan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Daykin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Metha
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Cornthwaite-Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kyra Clarke
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Oberrauch
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maddison Brian
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Stephenson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giancarlo Allocca
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Somnivore Inc. Ltd Pty, Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Tago M, Katsuki NE, Nakatani E, Tokushima M, Dogomori A, Mori K, Yamashita S, Oda Y, Yamashita SI. External validation of a new predictive model for falls among inpatients using the official Japanese ADL scale, Bedriddenness ranks: a double-centered prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:331. [PMID: 35428196 PMCID: PMC9013105 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several reliable predictive models for falls have been reported, but are too complicated and time-consuming to evaluate. We recently developed a new predictive model using just eight easily-available parameters including the official Japanese activities of daily living scale, Bedriddenness ranks, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This model has not yet been prospectively validated. This study aims to prospectively validate our new predictive model for falls among inpatients admitted to two different hospitals. Methods A double-centered prospective cohort study was performed from October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2019 in an acute care hospital and a chronic care hospital. We analyzed data from all adult inpatients, for whom all data required by the predictive model were evaluated and recorded. The eight items required by the predictive model were age, gender, emergency admission, department of admission, use of hypnotic medications, previous falls, independence of eating, and Bedriddenness ranks. The main outcome is in-hospital falls among adult inpatients, and the model was assessed by area under the curve. Results A total of 3,551 adult participants were available, who experienced 125 falls (3.5%). The median age (interquartile range) was 78 (66–87) years, 1,701 (47.9%) were men, and the incidence of falls was 2.25 per 1,000 patient-days and 2.06 per 1,000 occupied bed days. The area under the curve of the model was 0.793 (95% confidence interval: 0.761–0.825). The cutoff value was set as − 2.18, making the specificity 90% with the positive predictive value and negative predictive value at 11.4% and 97%. Conclusions This double-centered prospective cohort external validation study showed that the new predictive model had excellent validity for falls among inpatients. This reliable and easy-to-use model is therefore recommended for prediction of falls among inpatients, to improve preventive interventions. Trial registration UMIN000040103 (2020/04/08) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02871-5.
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Dale NC, Hoyer D, Jacobson LH, Pfleger KDG, Johnstone EKM. Orexin Signaling: A Complex, Multifaceted Process. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:812359. [PMID: 35496914 PMCID: PMC9044999 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.812359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The orexin system comprises two G protein-coupled receptors, OX1 and OX2 receptors (OX1R and OX2R, respectively), along with two endogenous agonists cleaved from a common precursor (prepro-orexin), orexin-A (OX-A) and orexin-B (OX-B). For the receptors, a complex array of signaling behaviors has been reported. In particular, it becomes obvious that orexin receptor coupling is very diverse and can be tissue-, cell- and context-dependent. Here, the early signal transduction interactions of the orexin receptors will be discussed in depth, with particular emphasis on the direct G protein interactions of each receptor. In doing so, it is evident that ligands, additional receptor-protein interactions and cellular environment all play important roles in the G protein coupling profiles of the orexin receptors. This has potential implications for our understanding of the orexin system’s function in vivo in both central and peripheral environments, as well as the development of novel agonists, antagonists and possibly allosteric modulators targeting the orexin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C. Dale
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laura H. Jacobson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kevin D. G. Pfleger,
| | - Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Elizabeth K. M. Johnstone,
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Abstract
Hypocretin neuron hyperexcitability underlies disrupted sleep quality associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Jacobson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Keenan RJ, Daykin H, Chu J, Cornthwaite-Duncan L, Allocca G, Hoyer D, Jacobson LH. Differential sleep/wake response and sex effects following acute suvorexant, MK-1064 and zolpidem administration in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3403-3417. [PMID: 35112344 PMCID: PMC9302982 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Transgenic mouse models of tauopathy display prominent sleep/wake disturbances which manifest primarily as a hyperarousal phenotype during the active phase, suggesting that tau pathology contributes to sleep/wake changes. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of sleep‐promoting compounds in these models. Such information has implications for the use of hypnotics as potential therapeutic tools in tauopathy‐related disorders. Experimental Approach This study examined polysomnographic recordings in 6‐6.5‐month‐old male and female rTg4510 mice following acute administration of suvorexant (50 mg·kg−1), MK‐1064 (30 mg·kg−1) or zolpidem (10 mg·kg−1), administered at the commencement of the active phase. Key Results Suvorexant, a dual OX receptor antagonist, promoted REM sleep in rTg4510 mice, without affecting wake or NREM sleep. MK‐1064, a selective OX2 receptor antagonist, reduced wake and increased NREM and total sleep time. MK‐1064 normalised the hyperarousal phenotype of male rTg4510 mice, whereas female rTg4510 mice exhibited a more transient response. Zolpidem, a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, decreased wake and increased NREM sleep in both male and female rTg4510 mice. Of the three compounds, the OX2 receptor antagonist MK‐1064 promoted and normalised physiologically normal sleep, especially in male rTg4510 mice. Conclusions and Implications Our findings indicate that hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation and associated hyperarousal does not significantly alter the responses of tauopathy mouse models to hypnotics. However, the sex differences observed in the sleep/wake response of rTg4510 mice to MK‐1064, but not suvorexant or zolpidem, raise questions about therapeutic implications for the use of OX2 receptor antagonists in human neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Keenan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Daykin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiahui Chu
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Cornthwaite-Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giancarlo Allocca
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Somnivore Inc. Ltd. Pty, Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Chan HJ, Yanshree, Roy J, Tipoe GL, Fung ML, Lim LW. Therapeutic Potential of Human Stem Cell Implantation in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10151. [PMID: 34576314 PMCID: PMC8471075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive debilitating neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia in the older population. At present, there is no definitive effective treatment for AD. Therefore, researchers are now looking at stem cell therapy as a possible treatment for AD, but whether stem cells are safe and effective in humans is still not clear. In this narrative review, we discuss both preclinical studies and clinical trials on the therapeutic potential of human stem cells in AD. Preclinical studies have successfully differentiated stem cells into neurons in vitro, indicating the potential viability of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies have also shown that stem cell therapy is safe and effective in improving cognitive performance in animal models, as demonstrated in the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test. Although few clinical trials have been completed and many trials are still in phase I and II, the initial results confirm the outcomes of the preclinical studies. However, limitations like rejection, tumorigenicity, and ethical issues are still barriers to the advancement of stem cell therapy. In conclusion, the use of stem cells in the treatment of AD shows promise in terms of effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical, Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.J.C.); (Y.); (J.R.); (G.L.T.); (M.-L.F.)
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9
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Ufer M, Kelsh D, Schoedel KA, Dingemanse J. Abuse potential assessment of the new dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant in recreational sedative drug users as compared to suvorexant and zolpidem. Sleep 2021; 45:6364001. [PMID: 34480579 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Abuse potential properties have been reported for the dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) suvorexant and lemborexant. Daridorexant is a new DORA currently in late-stage clinical development. This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled 6-period crossover study assessed its abuse potential in healthy recreational sedative drug users (n=63). METHODS In each study period, a single, oral, morning dose of either daridorexant (50, 100, 150 mg), placebo, or active control, i.e., suvorexant (150 mg) or zolpidem (30 mg), was administered. Primary pharmacodynamic endpoint was the Emax of the Drug-liking visual analog scale (VAS) assessed over 24 h. Several secondary subjective and objective pharmacodynamic endpoints were also assessed. RESULTS Study validity was confirmed based on drug-liking of suvorexant and zolpidem greater than placebo applying a pre-defined 15-point validity margin (p<0.0001). Drug-liking VAS Emax (mean; 95% CI) of daridorexant at 50 mg (73.2; 69.0-77.5) was significantly lower compared to suvorexant (80.7; 77.0-84.5) and zolpidem (79.9; 76.2-83.5) (p<0.001), but similar at 100 mg (79.1; 75.0-83.3) and 150 mg (81.3; 77.7, 84.8). Such dose-related patterns were also observed for most secondary endpoints. At each daridorexant dose, Drug-liking VAS scores were greater than placebo. Both control drugs and daridorexant were safe and the pharmacokinetics of daridorexant was consistent with earlier trials indicating quick absorption and elimination. CONCLUSIONS In this large, valid human abuse potential study, daridorexant showed dose-related drug-liking among recreational sedative drug users with lower effects at the highest phase-3 dose, and similar effects at higher doses compared to supratherapeutic doses of suvorexant and zolpidem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Ufer
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Debra Kelsh
- Altasciences Clinical Kansas, Inc., Kansas, United States
| | | | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Allschwil, Switzerland
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10
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Zhang C, Liu C, Wu H, Wang J, Sun Y, Liu R, Li T, Yu X, Geng D, Sun YK. Global Analysis the Potential Medicinal Substances of Shuangxia Decoction and the Process In Vivo via Mass Spectrometry Technology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654807. [PMID: 33995072 PMCID: PMC8120809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuangxia decoction is an effective traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating insomnia. Up to now, there has not been any report about the effective substances. An omics data processing method based on mass spectrometry technology is used to explore the chemical composition changes of Shuangxia decoction, the components absorbed into the blood and brain, and to explore the anti-insomnia mechanism based on molecular docking technology. Forty-nine chemical components in Shuangxia decoction have been identified, and 51 new components generated by co-decoction have been discovered. It was found that 7,404 compounds of Shuangxia decoction were absorbed into the blood. Forty kinds of known compounds were quickly identified, and 15 new compounds generated by co-decoction were also found to be absorbed into the blood. By using UPLC-MS/MS method, it was confirmed that 10 compounds were absorbed into the blood and 9 compounds were absorbed into the brain. Furthermore, it is found that rosmarinic acid is mainly distributed in the hypothalamus and striatum, and caffeic acid is mainly distributed in the hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus. Molecular docking results showed rosmarinic acid, danshensu, and HMLA with GABAA receptor have excellent binding characteristics, even surpassing the proligand. Danshensu and HMLA with dopamine D2 receptor also showed good binding energy. Our findings will help to further confirm the mechanism of Shuangxia decoction for relieving insomnia, and we also establish a novel data processing method for supplementing the mechanism of the efficacy of other traditional Chinese medicine formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenning Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runhua Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Di Geng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Kun Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Clark JW, Daykin H, Metha JA, Allocca G, Hoyer D, Drummond SPA, Jacobson LH. Manipulation of REM sleep via orexin and GABAA receptor modulators differentially affects fear extinction in mice: effect of stable versus disrupted circadian rhythm. Sleep 2021; 44:6171207. [PMID: 33720375 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disruption, and especially REM sleep disruption, is associated with fear inhibition impairment in animals and humans. The REM sleep-fear inhibition relationship raises concern for individuals with PTSD, whose sleep disturbance is commonly treated with hypnotics which disrupt and/or decrease REM sleep, such as benzodiazepines or 'Z-drugs'. Here, we examined the effects of the Z-drug zolpidem, a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, as well as suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist (hypnotics which decrease and increase REM sleep, respectively) in the context of circadian disruption in murine models of fear inhibition-related processes (i.e., fear extinction and safety learning). Adult male C57Bl/6J mice completed fear and safety conditioning before undergoing shifts in the light-dark (LD) cycle or maintaining a consistent LD schedule. Fear extinction and recall of conditioned safety were thereafter tested daily. Immediately prior to onset of the light phase between testing sessions, mice were treated with zolpidem, suvorexant, or vehicle (methylcellulose). EEG/EMG analysis showed temporal distribution of REM sleep was misaligned during LD cycle-shifts, while REM sleep duration was preserved. Suvorexant increased REM sleep and improved fear extinction rate, relative to zolpidem, which decreased REM sleep. Survival analysis demonstrated LD shifted mice treated with suvorexant were faster to achieve complete extinction than vehicle and zolpidem-treated mice in the LD shifted condition. By contrast, retention of conditioned safety memory was not influenced by either treatment. This study thus provides preclinical evidence for the potential clinical utility of hypnotics which increase REM sleep for fear extinction after PTSD-relevant sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Clark
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather Daykin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Metha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Brain, Mind and Markets Laboratory, Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Giancarlo Allocca
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Somnivore Pty. Ltd., Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, CA, The United States of America
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Gouverneur A, Ferreira A, Morival C, Pageot C, Tournier M, Pariente A. A safety signal of somnambulism with the use of antipsychotics and lithium: A pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:3971-3977. [PMID: 33713370 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Antipsychotics and lithium are widely used in psychiatry, particularly in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Recently, some cases of somnambulism or sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) have been reported in patients treated with these drugs. This study investigated the risk of reporting somnambulism or SRED associated with the use of antipsychotics and lithium. METHODS The World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase), comprising >18 million adverse events, was queried. All somnambulism or SRED reports related to antipsychotics or lithium were identified. The association between antipsychotics or lithium and somnambulism or SRED was computed using the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and information component. RESULTS Among the 5784 cases reporting somnambulism or SRED, 508 suspected at least 1 antipsychotic or lithium. Most patients were aged 18-64 years (62.0%), and 37.0% were men. In most cases (77.6%), antipsychotic or lithium were the only drug class involved, and 53.3% of cases suspected quetiapine. Somnambulism was reported in 88.6% of cases and SRED in 18.1%. A significant association was found for second-generation antipsychotics (PRR 3.44, 95% confidence interval 3.13) and lithium (PRR 2.03, [1.22; 3.37]), but not for first-generation antipsychotics (PRR 0.99, [0.68; 1.44]). CONCLUSIONS We found a significant signal of somnambulism or SRED related to second-generation antipsychotics and lithium. While case reports mentioned mostly quetiapine and olanzapine, almost all second-generation antipsychotics were associated with somnambulism or SRED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gouverneur
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team Pharmacoepidemiology, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Amandine Ferreira
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team Pharmacoepidemiology, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Camille Morival
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team Pharmacoepidemiology, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Cécile Pageot
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Marie Tournier
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team Pharmacoepidemiology, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,Hospital Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Antoine Pariente
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team Pharmacoepidemiology, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
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13
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The tandem Dimroth rearrangement and sulfonylation/acylation as regioselective method for the synthesis of 5-arylamino-2-sulfonyland 2-acyl-5-arylamino-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbothioamides. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Feng FF, Li JK, Liu XY, Zhang FG, Cheung CW, Ma JA. General Synthesis of Tri-Carbo-Substituted N2-Aryl-1,2,3-triazoles via Cu-Catalyzed Annulation of Azirines with Aryldiazonium Salts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10872-10883. [PMID: 32691600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The general synthesis of fully substituted N2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles is hitherto challenging compared with that of the N1-aryl counterparts. Herein, we describe a Cu-catalyzed annulation reaction of azirines and aryldiazonium salts. This regiospecific method allows access to a broad spectrum of tri-carbo N2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles substituted with diverse aryl and alkyl moieties. Its utility is highlighted by the synthesis of several triazole precursors applicable in drug discovery, as well as novel chiral binaphthyl ligands bearing triazole moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-Kuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Xuan-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
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15
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Hoyer D, Allen A, Jacobson LH. Hypnotics with novel modes of action. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:244-249. [PMID: 31756268 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia and, more generally, lack of sleep are on the rise. Traditionally treated by classical hypnotics, such as benzodiazepines and Z drugs, which both act on the GABAA receptor, and other modalities, including nondrug therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, there is a range of new hypnotics which are being developed or have recently received market approval. Suvorexant and the like target the orexin/hypocretin system: they should have less side effects in terms of drug-drug interactions with e.g. alcohol, less memory impairment and dependence potential compared to classical hypnotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Allen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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