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Chapman KE, Shah UK, Fletcher JF, Johnson GE, Doak SH, Jenkins GJS. An integrated in vitro carcinogenicity test that distinguishes between genotoxic carcinogens, non-genotoxic carcinogens, and non-carcinogens. Mutagenesis 2024; 39:69-77. [PMID: 38301659 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical safety testing plays a crucial role in product and pharmacological development, as well as chemoprevention; however, in vitro genotoxicity safety tests do not always accurately predict the chemicals that will be in vivo carcinogens. If chemicals test positive in vitro for genotoxicity but negative in vivo, this can contribute to unnecessary testing in animals used to confirm erroneous in vitro positive results. Current in vitro tests typically evaluate only genotoxicity endpoints, which limits their potential to detect non-genotoxic carcinogens. The frequency of misleading in vitro positive results can be high, leading to a requirement for more informative in vitro tests. It is now recognized that multiple-endpoint genotoxicity testing may aid more accurate detection of carcinogens and non-carcinogens. The objective of this review was to evaluate the utility of our novel, multiple-endpoint in vitro test, which uses multiple cancer-relevant endpoints to predict carcinogenic potential. The tool assessed micronucleus frequency, p53 expression, p21 expression, mitochondrial respiration, cell cycle abnormalities and, uniquely, cell morphology changes in human lymphoblastoid cell lines, TK6 and MCL-5. The endpoints were used to observe cellular responses to 18 chemicals within the following categories: genotoxic carcinogens, non-genotoxic carcinogens, toxic non-carcinogens, and misleading in vitro positive and negative agents. The number of endpoints significantly altered for each chemical was considered, alongside the holistic Integrated Signature of Carcinogenicity score, derived from the sum of fold changes for all endpoints. Following the calculation of an overall score from these measures, carcinogens exhibited greater potency than non-carcinogens. Genotoxic carcinogens were generally more potent than non-genotoxic carcinogens. This novel approach therefore demonstrated potential for correctly predicting whether chemicals with unknown mechanism may be considered carcinogens. Overall, while further validation is recommended, the test demonstrates potential for the identification of carcinogenic compounds. Adoption of the approach could enable reduced animal use in carcinogenicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Chapman
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Ume-Kulsoom Shah
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica F Fletcher
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - George E Johnson
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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2
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Yılmaz H, Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Macar O, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E. DNA fragmentation, chromosomal aberrations, and multi-toxic effects induced by nickel and the modulation of Ni-induced damage by pomegranate seed extract in Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:110826-110840. [PMID: 37794225 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the recovery effect of pomegranate seed extract (PSEx) against nickel (Ni)-induced damage in Allium cepa. Except for the control group treated with tap water, five experimental groups were exposed to 265 mg L-1 PSEx, 530 mg L-1 PSEx, 1 mg L-1 NiCI2, 265 mg L-1 PSEx + 1 mg L-1 NiCI2, and 530 mg L-1 PSEx + 1 mg L-1 NiCI2, respectively. The toxicity of Ni was examined through the analysis of physiological (germination percentage, weight gain, and root length), cytotoxicity (mitotic index), genotoxicity (micronucleus, chromosomal anomalies, and Comet test), and biochemical (malondialdehyde, proline, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase) parameters. Meristematic cell defects were also investigated. The NiCl2-DNA interaction was evaluated through spectral shift analysis. Values of all physiological parameters, mitotic index scores, and chlorophyll contents decreased while micronucleus frequency, DNA tail percentage, chromosomal anomalies, proline, MDA, and enzyme activities increased following Ni administration. According to the tail DNA percentage scale, Ni application caused "high damage" to DNA. Ni-induced chromosomal anomalies were fragment, sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, bridge, unbalanced chromatin distribution, reverse polarization, and nucleus with bud. NiCl2-DNA interaction caused a hyperchromic shift in the UV/Vis spectrum of DNA by spectral profile analysis. Ni exposure impaired root meristems as evidenced by the formation of epidermis cell damage, flattened cell nucleus, thickened cortex cell wall, and blurry vascular tissue. Substantial recovery was seen in all parameters with the co-administration of PSEx and Ni. Recovery effects in the parameters were 18-51% and 41-84% in the 265 mg L-1 PSEx + 1 mg L-1 NiCI2 and 530 mg L-1 PSEx + 1 mg L-1 NiCI2 groups, respectively. The Comet scale showed that PSEx applied with Ni reduced DNA damage from "high" to "moderate." Ni-induced thickened cortex cell wall and blurry vascular tissue damage disappeared completely when 530 mg L-1 PSEx was mixed with Ni. PSEx successfully reduced the negative effects of Ni, which can be attributed to its content of antioxidants and bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Yılmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Oksal Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Türkiye
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3
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Anyachor CP, Orish CN, Ezejiofor AN, Cirovic A, Cirovic A, Ezealisiji KM, Orisakwe OE. Nickel and aluminium mixture elicit memory impairment by activation of oxidative stress, COX-2, and diminution of AChE, BDNF and NGF levels in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of male albino rats. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100129. [PMID: 37841055 PMCID: PMC10569962 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated nickel and aluminium-induced neurotoxicity, as a binary metal mixture. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley albino rats were weight-matched and divided into four groups. Group 1 (control) received deionized water. Group 2 and 3 received Aluminium (1 mg/kg) and Nickel (0.2 mg/kg) respectively, while Group 4 received Ni and Al mixture HMM three times a week orally for 90 days. Barnes maze tests was performed. Rats were sacrificed under pentobarbital anaesthesia, cerebral cortex and hippocampus were separated, and metal levels were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione content (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Nerve growth factor NGF, cyclo-oxygenase COX-2 and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assayed using ELISA kits. Ni/Al binary mixture exposed rats showed a shorter latency period (though not significant) of 3.21 ± 1.40 s in comparison to 3.77 ± 1.11 (Ni only) and 3.99 ± 1.16(Al only). Ni/Al mixture gp had the lowest levels of Mg in both the hippocampus and frontal cortex when compared with the individual metals. In the hippocampus Al only exposed rats significantly showed p < 0.05 higher iron and Ca levels in comparison to Ni/Al mixture. Al alone significantly showed p < 0.05 lower levels of Fe but higher Ca than the Ni/Al mixture group. Exposure to Al only showed lower levels of BDNF in comparison to Ni/Al combination, whereas Ni/Al mixture gp had lower levels of NGF in comparison to the individual metals in the hippocampus. In the frontal cortex Ni only, group showed significantly lower BDNF in comparison to Ni/Al mixture whereas the mixture showed significantly lower NGF when compared with Al only group. There were higher levels of COX-2 in the Ni/Al mixture than individual metal treated rats in both hippocampus and frontal cortex. AChE levels in the Ni/Al mixture group was higher than Ni or Al only gps in the hippocampus whereas in the frontal cortex, Ni/Al exposed rats showed significantly lower AChE levels in comparison to Al only group. Ni, Al and Ni/Al mixture exhibited memory impairment by activation of oxidative stress, COX-2, and diminution of AChE, BDNF and NGF levels in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The BDNF-COX-2 AChE signalling pathway may be involved in the neurotoxicity of Ni and Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma P. Anyachor
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Chinna N. Orish
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Anthonet N. Ezejiofor
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ana Cirovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Cirovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kenneth M. Ezealisiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Orish E. Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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4
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Toh P, Nicholson JL, Vetter AM, Berry MJ, Torres DJ. Selenium in Bodily Homeostasis: Hypothalamus, Hormones, and Highways of Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15445. [PMID: 36499772 PMCID: PMC9739294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the body to maintain homeostasis requires constant communication between the brain and peripheral tissues. Different organs produce signals, often in the form of hormones, which are detected by the hypothalamus. In response, the hypothalamus alters its regulation of bodily processes, which is achieved through its own pathways of hormonal communication. The generation and transmission of the molecules involved in these bi-directional axes can be affected by redox balance. The essential trace element selenium is known to influence numerous physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, through its various redox functions. Selenium must be obtained through the diet and is used to synthesize selenoproteins, a family of proteins with mainly antioxidant functions. Alterations in selenium status have been correlated with homeostatic disturbances in humans and studies with animal models of selenoprotein dysfunction indicate a strong influence on energy balance. The relationship between selenium and energy metabolism is complicated, however, as selenium has been shown to participate in multiple levels of homeostatic communication. This review discusses the role of selenium in the various pathways of communication between the body and the brain that are essential for maintaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Toh
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jessica L. Nicholson
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Vetter
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marla J. Berry
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel J. Torres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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5
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Panich AM. Can detonation nanodiamonds serve as MRI phantoms? MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:345-347. [PMID: 35471465 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Panich
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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6
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Yubolphan R, Phuagkhaopong S, Sangpairoj K, Sibmooh N, Power C, Vivithanaporn P. Intracellular nickel accumulation induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human astrocytic cells. Metallomics 2020; 13:6035243. [PMID: 33570137 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nickel, a heavy metal found in electronic wastes and fume from electronic cigarettes, induces neuronal cell death and is associated with neurocognitive impairment. Astrocytes are the first line of defense against nickel after entering the brain; however, the effects of nickel on astrocytes remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect of nickel exposure on cell survival and proliferation and the underlying mechanisms in U-87 MG human astrocytoma cells and primary human astrocytes. Intracellular nickel levels were elevated in U-87 MG cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner after exposure to nickel chloride. The median toxic concentrations of nickel in astrocytoma cells and primary human astrocytes were 600.60 and >1000 µM at 48 h post-exposure, respectively. Nickel exposure triggered apoptosis in concomitant with the decreased expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma protein (Bcl-2) and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Nickel induced reactive oxygen species formation. Additionally, nickel suppressed astrocyte proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner by delaying G2 to M phase transition through the upregulation of cyclin B1 and p27 protein expression. These results indicate that nickel-induced cytotoxicity of astrocytes is mediated by the activation of apoptotic pathway and disruption of cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruedeemars Yubolphan
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Suttinee Phuagkhaopong
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kant Sangpairoj
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nathawut Sibmooh
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Christopher Power
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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7
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Guérin T, Massanyi P, Van Loveren H, Baert K, Gergelova P, Nielsen E. Update of the risk assessment of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06268. [PMID: 33193868 PMCID: PMC7643711 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its previous Opinion on nickel in food and drinking water, taking into account new occurrence data, the updated benchmark dose (BMD) Guidance and newly available scientific information. More than 47,000 analytical results on the occurrence of nickel were used for calculating chronic and acute dietary exposure. An increased incidence of post-implantation loss in rats was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of chronic oral exposure and a BMDL 10 of 1.3 mg Ni/kg body weight (bw) per day was selected as the reference point for the establishment of a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 μg/kg bw. Eczematous flare-up reactions in the skin elicited in nickel-sensitised humans, a condition known as systemic contact dermatitis, was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of acute oral exposure. A BMDL could not be derived, and therefore, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level of 4.3 μg Ni/kg bw was selected as the reference point. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied and an MOE of 30 or higher was considered as being indicative of a low health concern. The mean lower bound (LB)/upper bound (UB) chronic dietary exposure was below or at the level of the TDI. The 95th percentile LB/UB chronic dietary exposure was below the TDI in adolescents and in all adult age groups, but generally exceeded the TDI in toddlers and in other children, as well as in infants in some surveys. This may raise a health concern in these young age groups. The MOE values for the mean UB acute dietary exposure and for the 95th percentile UB raises a health concern for nickel-sensitised individuals. The MOE values for an acute scenario regarding consumption of a glass of water on an empty stomach do not raise a health concern.
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Salimi A, Jamali Z, Atashbar S, Khezri S, Ghorbanpour AM, Etefaghi N. Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implication in Nickel-Induced Cell Damage. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:968-984. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200214123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Nickel (Ni) is mostly applied in a number of industrial areas such as printing
inks, welding, alloys, electronics and electrical professions. Occupational or environmental exposure to
nickel may lead to cancer, allergy reaction, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, as well as
cell damage, apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Methods:
In here, we focused on published studies about cell death, carcinogenicity, allergy reactions
and neurotoxicity, and promising agents for the prevention and treatment of the toxicity by Ni.
Results:
Our review showed that in the last few years, more researches have focused on reactive oxygen
species formation, oxidative stress, DNA damages, apoptosis, interaction with involving receptors
in allergy and mitochondrial damages in neuron induced by Ni.
Conclusion:
The collected data in this paper provide useful information about the main toxicities induced
by Ni, also, their fundamental mechanisms, and how to discover new ameliorative agents for
prevention and treatment by reviewing agents with protective and therapeutic consequences on Ni
induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Saman Atashbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amir M. Ghorbanpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nahid Etefaghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Kopp B, Le Hégarat L, Audebert M. Differential toxic effects of food contaminant mixtures in HepaRG cells after single or repeated treatments. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 850-851:503161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Adedara IA, Adegbosin AN, Abiola MA, Odunewu AA, Owoeye O, Owumi SE, Farombi EO. Neurobehavioural and biochemical responses associated with exposure to binary waterborne mixtures of zinc and nickel in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:103294. [PMID: 31734518 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to metal mixtures due to various geogenic and anthropogenic activities poses a health threat to exposed organisms. The outcome of systemic interactions of metals is a topical area of research because it may cause either synergistic or antagonistic effect. The present study investigated the impact of co-exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne nickel (75 and 150 μg NiCl 2 L-1) and zinc (100 and 200 μg ZnCl2 L-1) mixtures on neurobehavioural performance of rats. Locomotor, motor and exploratory activities were evaluated using video-tracking software during trial in a novel arena and thereafter, biochemical and histological analyses were performed using the cerebrum, cerebellum and liver. Results indicated that zinc significantly (p < 0.05) abated the nickel-induced locomotor and motor deficits as well as improved the exploratory activity of exposed rats as verified by track plots and heat map analyses. Moreover, zinc mitigated nickel-mediated decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity, elevation in biomarkers of liver damage, levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as lipid peroxidation in the exposed rats when compared with control. Additionally, nickel mediated decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities as well as the increase in tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta and caspase-3 activity were markedly abrogated in the cerebrum, cerebellum and liver of rats co-exposed to nickel and zinc. Histological and histomorphometrical analyses evinced that zinc abated nickel-mediated neurohepatic degeneration as well as quantitative reduction in the widest diameter of the Purkinje cells and the densities of viable granule cell layer of dentate gyrus, pyramidal neurones of cornu ammonis 3 and cortical neurons in the exposed rats. Taken together, zinc abrogated nickel-induced neurohepatic damage via suppression of oxido-inflammatory stress and caspase-3 activation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo N Adegbosin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael A Abiola
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ajibola A Odunewu
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Owoeye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Impact of Heavy Metals on Host Cells: Special Focus on Nickel-Mediated Pathologies and Novel Interventional Approaches. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:1041-1058. [PMID: 31782370 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191129120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals [arsenic, aluminium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel (Ni), palladium and titanium] are environmental contaminants able to impact with host human cells, thus, leading to severe damage. OBJECTIVE In this review, the detrimental effects of several heavy metals on human organs will be discussed and special emphasis will be placed on Ni. In particular, Ni is able to interact with Toll-like receptor-4 on immune and non-immune cells, thus, triggering the cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, inflammatory and allergic reactions mediated by Ni will be illustrated within different organs, even including the central nervous system, airways and the gastrointestinal system. DISCUSSION Different therapeutic strategies have been adopted to mitigate Ni-induced inflammatoryallergic reactions. In this context, the ability of polyphenols to counteract the inflammatory pathway induced by Ni on peripheral blood leukocytes from Ni-sensitized patients will be outlined. In particular, polyphenols are able to decrease serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, while increasing levels of IL- 10. These data suggest that the equilibrium between T regulatory cells and T helper 17 cells is recovered with IL-10 acting as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the same context, polyphenols reduced elevated serum levels of nitric oxide, thus, expressing their anti-oxidant potential. Finally, the carcinogenic potential of heavy metals, even including Ni, will be highlighted. CONCLUSION Heavy metals, particularly Ni, are spread in the environment. Nutritional approaches seem to represent a novel option in the treatment of Ni-induced damage and, among them, polyphenols should be taken into consideration for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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12
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Wilde EC, Chapman KE, Stannard LM, Seager AL, Brüsehafer K, Shah UK, Tonkin JA, Brown MR, Verma JR, Doherty AT, Johnson GE, Doak SH, Jenkins GJS. A novel, integrated in vitro carcinogenicity test to identify genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens using human lymphoblastoid cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:935-951. [PMID: 29110037 PMCID: PMC5818597 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to carcinogens occurs via a plethora of environmental sources, with 70-90% of cancers caused by extrinsic factors. Aberrant phenotypes induced by such carcinogenic agents may provide universal biomarkers for cancer causation. Both current in vitro genotoxicity tests and the animal-testing paradigm in human cancer risk assessment fail to accurately represent and predict whether a chemical causes human carcinogenesis. The study aimed to establish whether the integrated analysis of multiple cellular endpoints related to the Hallmarks of Cancer could advance in vitro carcinogenicity assessment. Human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6, MCL-5) were treated for either 4 or 23 h with 8 known in vivo carcinogens, with doses up to 50% Relative Population Doubling (maximum 66.6 mM). The adverse effects of carcinogens on wide-ranging aspects of cellular health were quantified using several approaches; these included chromosome damage, cell signalling, cell morphology, cell-cycle dynamics and bioenergetic perturbations. Cell morphology and gene expression alterations proved particularly sensitive for environmental carcinogen identification. Composite scores for the carcinogens' adverse effects revealed that this approach could identify both DNA-reactive and non-DNA reactive carcinogens in vitro. The richer datasets generated proved that the holistic evaluation of integrated phenotypic alterations is valuable for effective in vitro risk assessment, while also supporting animal test replacement. Crucially, the study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of human carcinogenesis resulting from exposure to chemicals that humans are likely to encounter in their environment. Such an understanding of cancer induction via environmental agents is essential for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Wilde
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Katherine E Chapman
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Leanne M Stannard
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Anna L Seager
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Katja Brüsehafer
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ume-Kulsoom Shah
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - James A Tonkin
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - M Rowan Brown
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Jatin R Verma
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann T Doherty
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Safety, DSM, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - George E Johnson
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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14
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Song X, Fiati Kenston SS, Kong L, Zhao J. Molecular mechanisms of nickel induced neurotoxicity and chemoprevention. Toxicology 2017; 392:47-54. [PMID: 29032222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is widely used in many industrial sectors such as alloy, welding, printing inks, electrical and electronics industries. Excessive environmental or occupational exposure to Ni may result in tumor, contact dermatitis, as well as damages to the nervous system. In recent years, more and more research has demonstrated that Ni induced nerve damages are related to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this paper, we try to characterize Ni induced neurotoxicity as well as the underlying mechanisms, and how to find new drugs for chemoprevention, by reviewing chemicals with neuroprotective effects on Ni induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Holme JA, Froetschl R, Knudsen LE. The European Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society Annual Meeting, 14-18 August 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A. Holme
- Division of Environmental medicine; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | | | - Lisbeth E. Knudsen
- Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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