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Could Vitamins Have a Positive Impact on the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease? Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020272. [PMID: 36831815 PMCID: PMC9954544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Pathophysiologically, it is characterized by intracytoplasmic aggregates of α-synuclein protein in the Lewy body and loss of dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum regions of the brain. Although the exact mechanism of neurodegeneration is not fully elucidated, it has been reported that environmental toxins such as MPTP, rotenone, paraquat, and MPP+ induce oxidative stress, which is one of the causative factors for it. To date, there is no complete cure. However, the indispensable role of oxidative stress in mediating PD indicates that antioxidant therapy could be a possible therapeutic strategy against the disease. The deficiency of vitamins has been extensively co-related to PD. Dietary supplementation of vitamins with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging properties could be the potential neuroprotective therapeutic strategy. This review summarizes the studies that evaluated the role of vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, and K) in PD. It will guide future studies in understanding the potential therapeutic role of vitamins in disease pathophysiology and may provide a framework for designing treatment strategies against the disease.
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Zeng F, Parker K, Zhan Y, Miller M, Zhu MY. Upregulated DNA Damage-Linked Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease Model Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231152099. [PMID: 36683340 PMCID: PMC9880594 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231152099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT The present study examined expression of DNA damage markers in VMAT2 Lo PD model mice. The results demonstrate there is a significant increase in these DNA damage markers mostly in the brain regions of 18- and 23-month-old model mice, indicating oxidative stress-induced DNA lesion is an important pathologic feature of this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of the Wuhan University,
Wuhan, China
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State
University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Karsten Parker
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State
University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Yanqiang Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of the Wuhan University,
Wuhan, China
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State
University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State
University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State
University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Rehman MU, Sehar N, Dar NJ, Khan A, Arafah A, Rashid S, Rashid SM, Ganaie MA. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases: An update on current advances and impediments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104961. [PMID: 36395982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Huntington disease (HD) represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of their high prevalence yet poor treatment outcomes affecting quality of life. The major challenge in drug development for these NDs is insufficient clarity about the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are common pathways that are linked to neuronal abnormalities and initiation of these diseases. Thus, elucidating the shared initial molecular and cellular mechanisms is crucial for recognizing novel remedial targets, and developing therapeutics to impede or stop disease progression. In this context, use of multifunctional compounds at early stages of disease development unclogs new avenues as it acts on act on multiple targets in comparison to single target concept. In this review, we summarize overview of the major findings and advancements in recent years focusing on shared mechanisms for better understanding might become beneficial in searching more potent pharmacological interventions thereby reducing the onset or severity of various NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nawab John Dar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78992 USA
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Yi M, Li J, Jian S, Li B, Huang Z, Shu L, Zhang Y. Quantitative and causal analysis for inflammatory genes and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119315. [PMID: 36926335 PMCID: PMC10011457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dysfunction of immune system and inflammation contribute to the Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Cytokines, oxidative stress, neurotoxin and metabolism associated enzymes participate in neuroinflammation in PD and the genes involved in them have been reported to be associated with the risk of PD. In our study, we performed a quantitative and causal analysis of the relationship between inflammatory genes and PD risk. Methods Standard process was performed for quantitative analysis. Allele model (AM) was used as primary outcome analysis and dominant model (DM) and recessive model (RM) were applied to do the secondary analysis. Then, for those genes significantly associated with the risk of PD, we used the published GWAS summary statistics for Mendelian Randomization (MR) to test the causal analysis between them. Results We included 36 variants in 18 genes for final pooled analysis. As a result, IL-6 rs1800795, TNF-α rs1799964, PON1 rs854560, CYP2D6 rs3892097, HLA-DRB rs660895, BST1 rs11931532, CCDC62 rs12817488 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of PD statistically with the ORs ranged from 0.66 to 3.19 while variants in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, MnSOD, NFE2L2, CYP2E1, NOS1, NAT2, ABCB1, HFE and MTHFR were not related to the risk of PD. Besides, we observed that increasing ADP-ribosyl cyclase (coded by BST1) had causal effect on higher PD risk (OR[95%CI] =1.16[1.10-1.22]) while PON1(coded by PON1) shown probably protective effect on PD risk (OR[95%CI] =0.81[0.66-0.99]). Conclusion Several polymorphisms from inflammatory genes of IL-6, TNF-α, PON1, CYP2D6, HLA-DRB, BST1, CCDC62 were statistically associated with the susceptibility of PD, and with evidence of causal relationships for ADP-ribosyl cyclase and PON1 on PD risk, which may help understand the mechanisms and pathways underlying PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Yi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shijie Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zini Huang
- Bangor College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Shu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Biochemical Discrimination of the Down Syndrome-Related Metabolic and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Alterations from the Physiologic Age-Related Changes through the Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Serum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061208. [PMID: 35740106 PMCID: PMC9219806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by an accelerated aging process, frequently associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies evidenced that DS patients have various metabolic anomalies, easily measurable in their serum samples, although values that were found in DS patients were compared with those of age-matched non-DS patients, thus hampering to discriminate the physiologic age-related changes of serum metabolites from those that are truly caused by the pathologic processes associated with DS. In the present study we performed a targeted metabolomic evaluation of serum samples from DS patients without dementia of two age classes (Younger DS Patients, YDSP, aging 20–40 years; Aged DS Patients, ADSP, aging 41–60 years), comparing the results with those that were obtained in two age classes of non-DS patients (Younger non-DS Patients, YnonDSP, aging 30–60 years; Aged-nonDS Patients, AnonDSP, aging 75–90 years). Of the 36 compounds assayed, 30 had significantly different concentrations in Pooled non-DS Patients (PnonDSP), compared to Pooled DS Patients (PDSP). Age categorization revealed that 11/30 compounds were significantly different in AnonDSP, compared to YnonDSP, indicating physiologic, age-related changes of their circulating concentrations. A comparison between YDSP and ADSP showed that 19/30 metabolites had significantly different values from those found in the corresponding classes of non-DS patients, strongly suggesting pathologic, DS-associated alterations of their serum levels. Twelve compounds selectively and specifically discriminated PnonDSP from PDSP, whilst only three discriminated YDSP from ADSP. The results allowed to determine, for the first time and to the best of our knowledge, the true, age-independent alterations of metabolism that are measurable in serum and attributable only to DS. These findings may be of high relevance for better strategies (pharmacological, nutritional) aiming to specifically target the dysmetabolism and decreased antioxidant defenses that are associated with DS.
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