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Ogawa T, Ishitsuka Y. NRF2 in the Epidermal Pigmentary System. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010020. [PMID: 36671405 PMCID: PMC9855619 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a major part of the environmental responses and tissue development of the integumentary system. The balance between reduction and oxidation (redox) governs pigmentary responses, for which coordination among epidermal resident cells is indispensable. Here, we review the current understanding of melanocyte biology with a particular focus on the "master regulator" of oxidative stress responses (i.e., the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap'n'collar homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 system) and the autoimmune pigment disorder vitiligo. Our investigation revealed that the former is essential in pigmentogenesis, whereas the latter results from unbalanced redox homeostasis and/or defective intercellular communication in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE). Finally, we propose a model in which keratinocytes provide a "niche" for differentiated melanocytes and may "imprint" IFE pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-66-879-3031; Fax: +81-66-879-3039
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2
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Folic Acid Protects Melanocytes from Oxidative Stress via Activation of Nrf2 and Inhibition of HMGB1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1608586. [PMID: 34917229 PMCID: PMC8670940 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1608586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a cutaneous depigmentation disease due to loss of epidermal melanocytes. Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative stress plays a vital role in vitiligo via directly destructing melanocytes and triggering inflammatory response that ultimately undermines melanocytes. Folic acid (FA), an oxidized form of folate with high bioavailability, exhibits potent antioxidant properties and shows therapeutic potential in multiple oxidative stress-related diseases. However, whether FA safeguards melanocytes from oxidative damages remains unknown. In this study, we first found that FA relieved melanocytes from H2O2-induced abnormal growth and apoptosis. Furthermore, FA enhanced the activity of antioxidative enzymes and remarkably reduced intracellular ROS levels in melanocytes. Subsequently, FA effectively activated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and Nrf2 knockdown blocked the protective effects of FA on H2O2-treated melanocytes. Additionally, FA inhibited the production of proinflammatory HMGB1 in melanocytes under oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings support the protective effects of FA on human melanocytes against oxidative injury via the activation of Nrf2 and the inhibition of HMGB1, thus indicating FA as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of vitiligo.
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Saafan FA, Elsamanoudy AZ, Shaalan D, Zeidan N, Gaballah MA. MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Serum Homocysteine Level as Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Case Control Study. Am J Med Sci 2021; 362:375-380. [PMID: 34192512 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is associated with a risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), although the causes underlying this association are not clear. Serum homocysteine (SH) is a known risk factor for CHD, and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme (MTHFR) plays a crucial role in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. The polymorphism C677T that affects the catalytic domain of the MTHFR protein leads to a high levels of SH. Our hypothesis was that this polymorphism and SH level are risk factors for CHD in Patients with AGA. METHODS A total of 106 patients with AGA and 100 well-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. SH levels were estimated. DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by restriction enzyme digestion for MTHFR (C677T) gene, was conducted. RESULTS SH levels were significantly higher in the patient group and highest in those with the TT genotype. The mutant T allele was associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and an increased risk of CHD in patients with AGA. CONCLUSIONS AGA is associated with a higher risk of developing CHD due to the associated higher level of SH that, in turn, depends on and is correlated with mutant MTHFR genotypes. Cardiac evaluation and follow-up of patients with AGA is recommended for early detection and treatment of CHD to avoid an overall detrimental course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia A Saafan
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman Z Elsamanoudy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Shaalan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nanees Zeidan
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Gaballah
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Zhang HZ, Wu JH, Huang Q, Yang Q, Sima Q, Chen KY, Li ZR, He GH. Associations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) rs1801131 and rs1801133 polymorphisms with susceptibility to vitiligo: A meta-analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2359-2368. [PMID: 33219596 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a common pigmentary skin disorder, and genetic factors were acknowledged to be greatly associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. Recently, increasing studies investigated the associations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801131 and rs1801133 polymorphisms with risks of vitiligo, but the results still remained controversial. AIM The current meta-analysis was conducted to further evaluate the association of MTHFR polymorphisms with risk of vitiligo. METHODS Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Technology of Chongqing (VIP), and Wan Fang Database until October 2020. All analyses were carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 6 studies that involved MTHFR rs1801131 and/or rs1801133 polymorphism were finally included, which enrolled 3599 participants. Our results showed that no correlations were found between MTHFR rs1801131, rs1801133 polymorphisms and vitiligo risks in overall group. However, subgroup analysis revealed that rs1801131 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased vitiligo risk in the allelic (C vs A: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02-1.29, P = .02) and homozygous models (CC vs AA: OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.10-2.01, P = .01) in Asian population and that the rs1801133 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased vitiligo risk in the allelic model (T vs C: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.74-0.92, P = .0005) also in Asian population. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirmed the associations of MTHFR rs1801131 and rs1801133 polymorphisms with vitiligo risks and provided comprehensive insight into the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Jiang-Hai Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Quan Sima
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Ke-Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Ran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Gong-Hao He
- Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
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Homocysteine induces melanocytes apoptosis via PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway in vitiligo. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1127-1141. [PMID: 32400851 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder that develops as a result of the progressive disappearance of epidermal melanocytes. The elevated level of amino acid metabolite homocysteine (Hcy) has been identified as circulating marker of oxidative stress and known as a risk factor for vitiligo. However, the mechanism underlying Hcy-regulated melanocytic destruction is currently unknown. The present study aims to elucidate the effect of Hcy on melanocytic destruction and its involvement in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Our results showed that Hcy level was significantly elevated in the serum of progressive vitiligo patients. Notably, Hcy induced cell apoptosis in melanocytes via activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway. More importantly, folic acid, functioning in the transformation of Hcy, could lower the intracellular Hcy level and further reverse the apoptotic effect of Hcy on melanocytes. Additionally, Hcy disrupted melanogenesis whereas folic acid supplementation could reverse the melanogenesis defect induced by Hcy in melanocytes. Taken together, Hcy is highly increased in vitiligo patients at progressive stage, and our in vitro studies revealed that folic acid could protect melanocytes from Hcy-induced apoptosis and melanin synthesis inhibition, indicating folic acid as a potential benefit agent for patients with progressive vitiligo.
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Bagheri Hamidi A, Namazi N, Mohammad Amoli M, Amani M, Gholami M, Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Abdollahimajd F, Uitto J. Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with elevated homocysteine level and disease development in vitiligo. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:342-350. [PMID: 32064757 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the association of MTHFR gene polymorphism and serum homocysteine levels with autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo has made the MTHFR gene a very interesting candidate to be evaluated in different ethnicities and populations. We aimed to evaluate the levels of serum homocysteine and vitamin B12 and their associations with MTHFR C677T polymorphism in the Iranian population. This case-control study included 104 patients with vitiligo and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Serum vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels were measured by a chemiluminescence assay. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used for genotyping the polymorphism. The mean serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in cases than controls and associated with disease activity (p < .001). Furthermore, the homozygous MTHFR C677T variant genotype was associated with vitiligo development (adjusted OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.09-11.32, p = .02) and elevated homocysteine level (p < .001). There was no association between serum vitamin B12 levels and the MTHFR C677T genotype. The homozygous variant MTHFR C677T may be considered as a risk factor for both elevated homocysteine levels and the development of vitiligo in the Iranian population. Although these results are not conclusive, they could elucidate the contribution of genetic and immune-mediated inflammatory factors to the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bagheri Hamidi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Namazi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammad Amoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Amani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Gholami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fahimeh Abdollahimajd
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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El Tahlawi S, Abdel Halim D, El Hadidi H, Fawzy M, Hegazy R, Ezzat M, Elgohary S, Shaker O, Sayed K. Estimation of Homocysteine Level and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ( MTHFR) Gene and Cystathionine B Synthase ( CBS) Gene Polymorphisms in Vitiligo Patients. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 33:38-43. [DOI: 10.1159/000504235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B 12 levels in patients with vitiligo and their potential roles as disease activity biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 80:646-654.e5. [PMID: 30165163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia and folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies have been reported in patients with vitiligo. Investigating the role of these conditions might shed light on the pathogenesis of vitiligo. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels in vitiligo patients. METHODS Online databases were searched on May 15, 2018, to identify studies comparing serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels between patients with vitiligo and controls. A random effects model was used. RESULTS Twenty-two studies involving a total of 1448 patients with vitiligo were included. Patients with vitiligo had significantly higher serum homocysteine levels (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.550, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.262-0.838; I2 87.3%) and lower vitamin B12 levels (SMD -0.430, 95% CI -0.738 to -0.121; I2 85.3%) than controls. Serum folate levels were not significantly different between the 2 groups (SMD -0.240, 95% CI -0.592 to 0.111; I2 85.5%). A subgroup analysis revealed that these findings correlated with disease activity. LIMITATIONS The included studies were heterogeneous. Serum homocysteine levels could be influenced by various factors. CONCLUSION Patients with vitiligo have higher serum homocysteine levels and lower vitamin B12 levels than individuals without vitiligo.
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9
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Rahman R, Hasija Y. Exploring vitiligo susceptibility and management: a brief review. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-018-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Association of elevated homocysteine levels and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) 1298 A > C polymorphism with Vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:112-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Medical Management of Vitiligo. PIGMENTARY SKIN DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70419-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Rashed L, Abdel Hay R, AlKaffas M, Ali S, Kadry D, Abdallah S. Studying the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 gene polymorphism, cardiovascular risk and lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:1023-1029. [PMID: 28463405 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a reported relation between hyperhomocysteinemia and lichen planus (LP). An increase in homocysteine (Hcy) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation has been described. OBJECTIVE To detect MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism, and to find its association with CVD risk, Hcy and folic acid levels in patients with LP. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study included 110 patients with LP: 70 with cutaneous LP (CLP) and 40 with oral LP (OLP). A total of 120 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were used as controls. Three millilitre venous blood sample was taken for detection of MTHFR gene polymorphism by PCR-RFLP technique and for measurement of the lipid profile. Hcy and folic acid were measured by ELISA. Hypertension was evaluated. RESULTS There were significantly higher prevalence of hypertension with higher Hcy, triglycerides and cholesterol levels and lower folic acid and HDL levels among patients' groups. Hypertension with higher Hcy and cholesterol levels together with lower folic acid and HDL levels have been found in OLP when compared to CLP. Patients showed a significant higher percentage of the MTHFR 677 TT genotype (P=.003) and of the MTHFR 677 T allele (P=.042) compared to controls. Moreover, there was a higher prevalence of MTHFR 677 T allele in patients with CLP. CONCLUSION MTHFR 677 gene polymorphism may be a risk factor for the development of the LP, and to predispose these patients to higher risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdel Hay
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa AlKaffas
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ali
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Kadry
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdallah
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang XB, Qiao C, Wei L, Han YD, Cui NH, Huang ZL, Li ZH, Zheng F, Yan M. Associations of Polymorphisms in MTHFR Gene with the Risk of Age-Related Cataract in Chinese Han Population: A Genotype-Phenotype Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145581. [PMID: 26689687 PMCID: PMC4686960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a potential risk factor for age-related cataract (ARC). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the key enzyme for Hcy metabolism, and variants of MTHFR may affect MTHFR enzyme activity. This study mainly evaluated the associations between variants in MTHFR gene, plasma MTHFR enzyme activity, total Hcy (tHcy) levels and ARC risk in Chinese population. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MTHFR gene were genotyped using the high-resolution melting (HRM) method in 502 ARC patients (mean age, 70.2 [SD, 9.0], 46.0% male) and 890 healthy controls (mean age, 67.1 [SD, 11.1], 47.6% male). The plasma MTHFR activity, folic acid (FA), vitamins B12 and B6 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The plasma tHcy levels were measured by an automated enzymatic assay. After the Bonferroni correction, the minor allele T of SNP rs1801133 showed a significant association with an increased risk of overall ARC (OR = 1.26, P = 0.003). Consistent association was also found between SNP rs1801133 and cortical ARC risk (OR = 1.44, P = 0.003). Haplotype analyses revealed an adverse effect of the haplotype "C-A-T-C" (alleles in order of SNPs rs3737967, rs1801131, rs1801133 and rs9651118) on ARC risk (OR = 1.55, P = 0.003). Moreover, in a joint analysis of SNPs rs9651118 and rs1801133, subjects with two unfavorable genotypes had a 1.76-fold increased risk of ARC compared with the reference group, and a statistically significant dose-response trend (Ptrend = 0.001) was also observed. Further, in healthy controls and patients with cortical ARC, the allele T of SNP rs1801133 and the increasing number of unfavorable genotypes were significantly correlated with decreased MTHFR activity as well as increased tHcy levels. However, there was no significant association between FA, vitamins B12, B6 levels and MTHFR variants. Our data indicated that variants in MTHFR gene might individually and jointly influence susceptibility to ARC by affecting MTHFR enzyme activity and tHcy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-bin Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ya-di Han
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning-hua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhu-liang Huang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zu-hua Li
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (MY); (FZ)
| | - Ming Yan
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (MY); (FZ)
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14
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Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder that affects 0.5% to 2% of the world population. Three different forms are classified according to the distribution of lesions; namely non-segmental, segmental and mixed vitiligo. Vitiligo is associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response and in melanogenesis. However, environmental factors are required for the development of manifest disease. In general, the diagnosis is clinical and no laboratory tests or biopsies are required. Metabolic alterations are central to current concepts in pathophysiology. They induce an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and susceptibility to mild exogenous stimuli in the epidermis. This produces a senescent phenotype of skin cells, leads to the release of innate immune molecules, which trigger autoimmunity, and ultimately causes dysfunction and death of melanocytes. Clinical management aims to halt depigmentation, and to either repigment or depigment the skin, depending on the extent of disease. New therapeutic approaches include stimulation of melanocyte differentiation and proliferation through α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues and through epidermal stem cell engineering. Several questions remain unsolved, including the connection between melanocyte depletion and stem cell exhaustion, the underlying degenerative mechanisms and the biological mediators of cell death. Overall, vitiligo is an excellent model for studying degenerative and autoimmune processes and for testing novel approaches in regenerative medicine. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/vIhFSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO IRCCS, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Dell'Anna
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO IRCCS, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau, INSERM 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John E Harris
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | | | - Alain Taieb
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau, INSERM 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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15
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Begum R. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR): could it be a small piece in vitiligo jigsaw puzzle? Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:1009-10. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Begum
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara Gujarat 390002 India
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