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Vessoni AT, Guerra CCC, Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLS, Garcia CCM. Cockayne Syndrome: The many challenges and approaches to understand a multifaceted disease. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190085. [PMID: 32453336 PMCID: PMC7250278 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The striking and complex phenotype of Cockayne syndrome (CS) patients combines progeria-like features with developmental deficits. Since the establishment of the in vitro culture of skin fibroblasts derived from patients with CS in the 1970s, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the genetic alterations associated with the disease and their impact on molecular, cellular, and organismal functions. In this review, we provide a historic perspective on the research into CS by revisiting seminal papers in this field. We highlighted the great contributions of several researchers in the last decades, ranging from the cloning and characterization of CS genes to the molecular dissection of their roles in DNA repair, transcription, redox processes and metabolism control. We also provide a detailed description of all pathological mutations in genes ERCC6 and ERCC8 reported to date and their impact on CS-related proteins. Finally, we review the contributions (and limitations) of many genetic animal models to the study of CS and how cutting-edge technologies, such as cell reprogramming and state-of-the-art genome editing, are helping us to address unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Chaves Coelho Guerra
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Satoru Kajitani
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo,SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Luz Souza Nascimento
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas,
Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo,SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e
Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Yang Y, Yao X, Luo Y, Zhao L, Zhou B, Tu M, Zhao R. Identification of a novel mutation confirms phenotypic variability of mutant XPG truncations. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:e149-e151. [PMID: 28251620 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Yang
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Yao
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqi Luo
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China.,The Department of dermatology, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China.,The Department of dermatology, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Tu
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- The Lab. of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, The Paediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
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Calmels N, Greff G, Obringer C, Kempf N, Gasnier C, Tarabeux J, Miguet M, Baujat G, Bessis D, Bretones P, Cavau A, Digeon B, Doco-Fenzy M, Doray B, Feillet F, Gardeazabal J, Gener B, Julia S, Llano-Rivas I, Mazur A, Michot C, Renaldo-Robin F, Rossi M, Sabouraud P, Keren B, Depienne C, Muller J, Mandel JL, Laugel V. Uncommon nucleotide excision repair phenotypes revealed by targeted high-throughput sequencing. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:26. [PMID: 27004399 PMCID: PMC4804614 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity causes a variety of autosomal recessive diseases including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) a disorder which pre-disposes to skin cancer, and the severe multisystem condition known as Cockayne syndrome (CS). In view of the clinical overlap between NER-related disorders, as well as the existence of multiple phenotypes and the numerous genes involved, we developed a new diagnostic approach based on the enrichment of 16 NER-related genes by multiplex amplification coupled with next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS Our test cohort consisted of 11 DNA samples, all with known mutations and/or non pathogenic SNPs in two of the tested genes. We then used the same technique to analyse samples from a prospective cohort of 40 patients. Multiplex amplification and sequencing were performed using AmpliSeq protocol on the Ion Torrent PGM (Life Technologies). RESULTS We identified causative mutations in 17 out of the 40 patients (43%). Four patients showed biallelic mutations in the ERCC6(CSB) gene, five in the ERCC8(CSA) gene: most of them had classical CS features but some had very mild and incomplete phenotypes. A small cohort of 4 unrelated classic XP patients from the Basque country (Northern Spain) revealed a common splicing mutation in POLH (XP-variant), demonstrating a new founder effect in this population. Interestingly, our results also found ERCC2(XPD), ERCC3(XPB) or ERCC5(XPG) mutations in two cases of UV-sensitive syndrome and in two cases with mixed XP/CS phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that NGS is an efficient technique for the analysis of NER-related disorders on a molecular level. It is particularly useful for phenotypes with combined features or unusually mild symptoms. Targeted NGS used in conjunction with DNA repair functional tests and precise clinical evaluation permits rapid and cost-effective diagnosis in patients with NER-defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Calmels
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Géraldine Greff
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cathy Obringer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale - INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadine Kempf
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Gasnier
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Tarabeux
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marguerite Miguet
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Centre de Référence Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Didier Bessis
- Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Éloi, 80 avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Bretones
- Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, diabète et maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, Hôpital Femme Mère enfant, GH Est, 59 boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Anne Cavau
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Digeon
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, Reims, France
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique et Biologie de la Reproduction CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, Reims, France
| | - Bérénice Doray
- Service de Génétique, CHU La Réunion, Hôpital Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, Saint-Denis, France
| | - François Feillet
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Service de Médecine Infantile, INSERM NGERE 954, CHU Brabois Enfants, Allée du Morvan, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Jesus Gardeazabal
- Servicio de Dermatología, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Baracaldo Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Blanca Gener
- Servicio de Genética, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Baracaldo Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Sophie Julia
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Toulouse - Hôpital Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabel Llano-Rivas
- Servicio de Genética, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Baracaldo Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Caroline Michot
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 24 Bd du Montparnasse, Paris, France
| | | | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement, Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; CNRL TIGER Team, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Sabouraud
- Service de Pédiatrie A - Neurologie pédiatrique, CHU de Reims - American Memorial Hospital, 47 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims, France
| | - Boris Keren
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U 1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale - INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale - INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, Strasbourg, France
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Wang T, Xu CC, Zhou XP, Lee JJ, Shen J, Lian BQ, Liu YH, Lian CG. Novel germline ERCC5 mutations identified in a xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G pedigree. JAAD Case Rep 2015; 1:66-70. [PMID: 27051686 PMCID: PMC4802556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-chen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-ping Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan J. Lee
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Shen
- Partners Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bill Q. Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yue-Hua Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Yue-Hua Liu, MD, Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing, China.
| | - Christine Guo Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Christine Guo Lian, MD, Associate Dermatopathologist, Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115.
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8
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Cell-autonomous progeroid changes in conditional mouse models for repair endonuclease XPG deficiency. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004686. [PMID: 25299392 PMCID: PMC4191938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) process, the endonuclease XPG is involved in repair of helix-distorting DNA lesions, but the protein has also been implicated in several other DNA repair systems, complicating genotype-phenotype relationship in XPG patients. Defects in XPG can cause either the cancer-prone condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) alone, or XP combined with the severe neurodevelopmental disorder Cockayne Syndrome (CS), or the infantile lethal cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (COFS) syndrome, characterized by dramatic growth failure, progressive neurodevelopmental abnormalities and greatly reduced life expectancy. Here, we present a novel (conditional) Xpg−/− mouse model which -in a C57BL6/FVB F1 hybrid genetic background- displays many progeroid features, including cessation of growth, loss of subcutaneous fat, kyphosis, osteoporosis, retinal photoreceptor loss, liver aging, extensive neurodegeneration, and a short lifespan of 4–5 months. We show that deletion of XPG specifically in the liver reproduces the progeroid features in the liver, yet abolishes the effect on growth or lifespan. In addition, specific XPG deletion in neurons and glia of the forebrain creates a progressive neurodegenerative phenotype that shows many characteristics of human XPG deficiency. Our findings therefore exclude that both the liver as well as the neurological phenotype are a secondary consequence of derailment in other cell types, organs or tissues (e.g. vascular abnormalities) and support a cell-autonomous origin caused by the DNA repair defect itself. In addition they allow the dissection of the complex aging process in tissue- and cell-type-specific components. Moreover, our data highlight the critical importance of genetic background in mouse aging studies, establish the Xpg−/− mouse as a valid model for the severe form of human XPG patients and segmental accelerated aging, and strengthen the link between DNA damage and aging. Accumulation of DNA damage has been implicated in aging. Many premature aging syndromes are due to defective DNA repair systems. The endonuclease XPG is involved in repair of helix-distorting DNA lesions, and XPG defects cause the cancer-prone condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) alone or combined with the severe neurodevelopmental progeroid disorder Cockayne syndrome (CS). Here, we present a novel (conditional) Xpg−/− mouse model which -in a C57BL6/FVB F1 hybrid background- displays many progressive progeroid features, including early cessation of growth, cachexia, kyphosis, osteoporosis, neurodegeneration, liver aging, retinal degeneration, and reduced lifespan. In a constitutive mutant with a complex phenotype it is difficult to dissect cause and consequence. We have therefore generated liver- and forebrain-specific Xpg mutants and demonstrate that they exhibit progressive anisokaryosis and neurodegeneration, respectively, indicating that a cell-intrinsic repair defect in neurons can account for neuronal degeneration. These findings strengthen the link between DNA damage and the complex process of aging.
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