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Yotsuyanagi T, Tomita N, Saiki Y, Uchida A, Uemura Y, Suzuki Y, Hirakawa T, Kato M, Nakamura N, Arai A. Leukemic-phase mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2023; 118:758-765. [PMID: 37700187 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
A 78-year-old man presenting with leukocytosis was admitted to our hospital. The patient was asymptomatic and showed no lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood flow cytometry revealed a leukemic-phase B-cell lymphoma with medium-to-large abnormal cells with reticulum. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed abnormal uptake in the right orbit, bone marrow, and spleen. We performed immunological staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissues extracted from the right orbit and bone marrow, which led to the diagnosis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements in the right orbital mass and bone marrow suggested that they were identical clones. Based on these collective findings, the diagnosis of leukemic-phase MALT lymphoma was confirmed, with sites of involvement including the bone marrow, peripheral blood, right orbit, and spleen. This is a highly rare case of leukemic MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yotsuyanagi
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naoto Tomita
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Saiki
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Akiko Uchida
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yu Uemura
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Suzuki
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Hirakawa
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kato
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayako Arai
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
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Aminopeptidase Expression in Multiple Myeloma Associates with Disease Progression and Sensitivity to Melflufen. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071527. [PMID: 33810334 PMCID: PMC8036322 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aims of this study were to investigate aminopeptidase expression in multiple myeloma and to identify the aminopeptidases responsible for the activation of the peptide–drug conjugate melflufen in multiple myeloma. We observed a differential expression of aminopeptidases between relapsed/refractory and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. A higher expression of the aminopeptidase genes XPNPEP1, RNPEP, DPP3, and BLMH in multiple myeloma plasma cells was associated with shorter patient overall survival. The peptide–drug conjugate melflufen was particularly active towards plasma cells from relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients. Melflufen could be hydrolyzed to its active form by the aminopeptidases LAP3, LTA4H, RNPEP, and ANPEP, all of which are expressed in multiple myeloma. These results indicate critical roles for aminopeptidases in disease progression and the activity of melflufen in multiple myeloma. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by extensive immunoglobulin production leading to an excessive load on protein homeostasis in tumor cells. Aminopeptidases contribute to proteolysis by catalyzing the hydrolysis of amino acids from proteins or peptides and function downstream of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Notably, aminopeptidases can be utilized in the delivery of antibody and peptide-conjugated drugs, such as melflufen, currently in clinical trials. We analyzed the expression of 39 aminopeptidase genes in MM samples from 122 patients treated at Finnish cancer centers and 892 patients from the CoMMpass database. Based on ranked abundance, LAP3, ERAP2, METAP2, TTP2, and DPP7 were highly expressed in MM. ERAP2, XPNPEP1, DPP3, RNPEP, and CTSV were differentially expressed between relapsed/refractory and newly diagnosed MM samples (p < 0.05). Sensitivity to melflufen was detected ex vivo in 11/15 MM patient samples, and high sensitivity was observed, especially in relapsed/refractory samples. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of XPNPEP1, RNPEP, DPP3, and BLMH (p < 0.05) was associated with shorter overall survival. Hydrolysis analysis demonstrated that melflufen is a substrate for aminopeptidases LAP3, LTA4H, RNPEP, and ANPEP. The sensitivity of MM cell lines to melflufen was reduced by aminopeptidase inhibitors. These results indicate critical roles of aminopeptidases in disease progression and the activity of melflufen in MM.
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Mizuta S, Yamane N, Mononobe S, Watanabe A, Matsuki S, Komai T, Koba Y, Mitani S, Kawata T, Tamekane A, Watanabe M. VS38 staining contributes to a novel gating strategy in flow cytometry for small B cell lymphoma, especially in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 102:50-61. [PMID: 33682304 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-parametric flow cytometry (MFC) is a helpful tool for detecting neoplastic cells in malignant lymphoma; however, lymphoma cells can be difficult to detect when characteristic immunophenotypic abnormalities are not evident. We evaluated the stainability of VS38, which is used for multiple myeloma, in normal and abnormal B cells using MFC to develop a new strategy for detecting lymphoma cells. METHODS We compared the median fluorescence intensity of VS38 staining in lymphocytes from patients without hematopoietic neoplasms and in B cells from 26 patients with B cell lymphoma (BCL). To evaluate the performance of VS38 gating, we compared VS38-positive B cells with the percentages of BCL cells, and with the mutation ratios of MYD88 L265P measured by droplet digital PCR in patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). RESULTS CD27-positive memory B cells were stained with VS38, whereas normal lymphocytes were faintly stained. Lymphoma cells were stained with VS38 in 11 of 12 patients with LPL/WM, 3 of 3 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 3 of 5 with mantle cell lymphoma, 2 of 4 with follicular lymphoma, and 1 of 1 with splenic marginal zone lymphoma. The percentages of VS38-positive B cells in VS38-positive BCL were equivalent to those of lymphoma cells and the mutation ratios of MYD88 L265P in LPL/WM. CONCLUSIONS VS38 identified neoplastic cells in plasma cell disorders and BCL. This might improve the accuracy of BCL diagnosis, especially in patients with LPL/WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Mizuta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamane
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Saya Mononobe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Asami Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Matsuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takao Komai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koba
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Mitani
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takahito Kawata
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Tamekane
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
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Gayet M, Leymarie V, Derouault P, Guérin E, Vaidié J, Pascal V, Boulin M, Dmytruk N, Chauzeix J, Trimoreau F, Gachard N, Feuillard J, Rizzo D. Flow cytometry detection of CD138 expression continuum between monotypic B and plasma cells is associated with both high IgM peak levels and MYD88 mutation and contributes to diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 102:62-69. [PMID: 33634586 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) with other indolent B-cell malignancies is still a challenge. Here, we propose an original and simple analysis of routine flow cytometry (FCM) unraveling the characteristic ongoing plasma cell (PC) differentiation of WM tumor B-cells. METHODS FCM analysis of both B-cells and PC was performed on a series of 77 patients with IgM peak. MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations were studied using an allele-specific PCR and by high throughput sequencing. RESULTS Twenty seven (35%), 46 (58%) and 4 (5%) patients were classified as WM, IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or other B-NHL respectively. MYD88 mutation was found in 25/27 WM (93%) and in 29/46 MGUS (63%). Using FCM, monotypic B-cells were found in 27/27 WM (100%) and 34/46 MGUS (74%). Monotypic CD138pos/CD38pos PCs were detected in 23/27 WM (85%) and 25/46 MGUS (54%). Highlighting the ongoing PC differentiation of WM tumor B-cells by FCM, we evidenced a CD138 expression continuum between monotypic B-cells and PCs. This pattern remained absent in control samples and was significantly associated with higher IgM peaks (p = 6.10-5 ) and MYD88 mutations (p = 10-3 ) in both WM and MGUS cases. CONCLUSIONS FCM exploration of both B-cells and PC led to identify a CD138 expression continuum as an objective marker of ongoing PC differentiation of WM tumor cells and was strongly associated with increased IgM peak levels and MYD88 mutations. This approach could contribute to place FCM at the forefront of WM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Gayet
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Leymarie
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Paco Derouault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Estelle Guérin
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France.,UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM 1262 - CRIBL, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Julien Vaidié
- Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Virginie Pascal
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM 1262 - CRIBL, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France.,Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Mélanie Boulin
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Nataliya Dmytruk
- Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Jasmine Chauzeix
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France.,UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM 1262 - CRIBL, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Franck Trimoreau
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Nathalie Gachard
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France.,UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM 1262 - CRIBL, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Jean Feuillard
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France.,UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM 1262 - CRIBL, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - David Rizzo
- Biological Hematology Department, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France.,UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM 1262 - CRIBL, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
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Gautam A, Sreedharanunni S, Sachdeva MUS, Rana S, Kashyap D, Bose P, Bal A, Prakash G, Malhotra P, Das R, Varma N. The relative expression levels of CD148 and CD180 on clonal B cells and CD148/CD180 median fluorescence intensity ratios are useful in the characterization of mature B cell lymphoid neoplasms infiltrating blood and bone marrow - Results from a single centre pilot study. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:1123-1131. [PMID: 33455071 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The categorization of mature B cell neoplasms (MBN) infiltrating blood and bone marrow are met with difficulties. The inclusion of CD148 and CD180 in the routine flow cytometry/FCM panels has been suggested to refine the diagnosis. We studied the discriminatory ability of CD148 and CD180 median fluorescence intensity(MFI), CD148/CD180 ratio and their expression relative to T cells (CD148ab/T , CD180ab/T ), neutrophils (CD148ab/gr , CD180ab/gr ) and normal B cells (CD148ab/n , CD180ab/n ) in the differentiation of mature B cell neoplasms (MBN) especially non-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). METHODOLOGY The flow cytometric (FCM) expression of CD148 and CD180 was studied prospectively in 102 patients (non-CLL; n = 72); diagnosed by a comprehensive panel of immunophenotypic and cytogenetic studies. The MFI and ratios were statistically compared across MBNs by Mann-Whitney U test. Cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for significant parameters by receiver operator characteristic curve. RESULTS CD180MFI > 4.35 showed 100% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity for a diagnosis of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) while, CD148/180 > 5.15 was 100% specific and 81.8% sensitive for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. CD148ab/T (>4.3; 100% specificity, 83.4% sensitivity) and CD148ab/gr (>1.1; 100% sensitivity, 90% sensitivity) were useful for differentiating blastoid-mantle cell lymphoma/MCL from diffuse large B cell lymphoma; while CD148MFI (≥20.25), CD148ab/T (>3.35) and CD148ab/gr (>0.95) showed >90% specificity and sensitivity for distinguishing MCL from CLL. Pairwise analysis also showed a good discriminant function of various parameters for distinguishing SMZL from other MBNs like FL, MCL as well as CLL. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows an excellent utility of CD148MFI, CD180MFI, their ratio and relative expression levels in the subcategorization of immunophenotypically related MBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arambam Gautam
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharanunni
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonia Rana
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parveen Bose
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amanjeet Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- Adult Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Adult Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reena Das
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Debord C, Wuillème S, Eveillard M, Theisen O, Godon C, Le Bris Y, Béné MC. Flow cytometry in the diagnosis of mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 42 Suppl 1:113-120. [PMID: 32543070 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
B-lineage lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) are rather frequent diseases, associated with specific clinical or biological features but also sometimes of fortuitous discovery. Multiparameter flow cytometry plays a major role for a rapid diagnostic indication, on peripheral blood or bone marrow samples in most instances, guiding complementary analyses and allowing for the proper therapeutic management of patients. After describing the important pre-analytical precautions required for an adequate assessment, the immunophenotypic features of small-cell and large-cell lymphomas are described in this review. The ubiquitous expression of CD19 is a first mandatory gating step. A possible clonal proliferation is then suspected by the demonstration of surface immunoglobulin light chain restriction. The aberrant presence of CD5 allows to segregate chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma in most cases. Other LPD exhibit specific immunophenotypic features. A table of useful markers and a decision tree are provided. Of note, immunophenotypic data should as much as possible be interpreted in an integrated manner, involving the patient's clinical and other biological features, and be completed by further chromosomal and/or molecular investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Debord
- Hematology Biology Department, Nantes University Hospital and CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Soraya Wuillème
- Hematology Biology Department, Nantes University Hospital and CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Eveillard
- Hematology Biology Department, Nantes University Hospital and CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Theisen
- Hematology Biology Department, Nantes University Hospital and CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Godon
- Hematology Biology Department, Nantes University Hospital and CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Yanick Le Bris
- Hematology Biology Department, Nantes University Hospital and CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Marie C Béné
- Hematology Biology Department, Nantes University Hospital and CRCINA, Nantes, France
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Domínguez JM, Pérez-Chacón G, Guillén MJ, Muñoz-Alonso MJ, Somovilla-Crespo B, Cibrián D, Acosta-Iborra B, Adrados M, Muñoz-Calleja C, Cuevas C, Sánchez-Madrid F, Avilés P, Zapata JM. CD13 as a new tumor target for antibody-drug conjugates: validation with the conjugate MI130110. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:32. [PMID: 32264921 PMCID: PMC7140356 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the search for novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with therapeutic potential, it is imperative to identify novel targets to direct the antibody moiety. CD13 seems an attractive ADC target as it shows a differential pattern of expression in a variety of tumors and cell lines and it is internalized upon engagement with a suitable monoclonal antibody. PM050489 is a marine cytotoxic compound tightly binding tubulin and impairing microtubule dynamics which is currently undergoing clinical trials for solid tumors. Methods Anti-CD13 monoclonal antibody (mAb) TEA1/8 has been used to prepare a novel ADC, MI130110, by conjugation to the marine compound PM050489. In vitro and in vivo experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the activity and specificity of MI130110. Results CD13 is readily internalized upon TEA1/8 mAb binding, and the conjugation with PM050489 did not have any effect on the binding or the internalization of the antibody. MI130110 showed remarkable activity and selectivity in vitro on CD13-expressing tumor cells causing the same effects than those described for PM050489, including cell cycle arrest at G2, mitosis with disarrayed and often multipolar spindles consistent with an arrest at metaphase, and induction of cell death. In contrast, none of these toxic effects were observed in CD13-null cell lines incubated with MI130110. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that MI130110 exhibited excellent antitumor activity in a CD13-positive fibrosarcoma xenograft murine model, with total remissions in a significant number of the treated animals. Mitotic catastrophes, typical of the payload mechanism of action, were also observed in the tumor cells isolated from mice treated with MI130110. In contrast, MI130110 failed to show any activity in a xenograft mouse model of myeloma cells not expressing CD13, thereby corroborating the selectivity of the ADC to its target and its stability in circulation. Conclusion Our results show that MI130110 ADC combines the antitumor potential of the PM050489 payload with the selectivity of the TEA1/8 monoclonal anti-CD13 antibody and confirm the correct intracellular processing of the ADC. These results demonstrate the suitability of CD13 as a novel ADC target and the effectiveness of MI130110 as a promising antitumor therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gema Pérez-Chacón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrián
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Magdalena Adrados
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuevas
- Research Department, PharmaMar S.A., Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Avilés
- Research Department, PharmaMar S.A., Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
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Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis. Pathology 2020; 52:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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