1
|
Zheng S, Ma J, Li J, Pang X, Ma M, Ma Z, Cui W. Lower PTEN may be associated with CD8+ T cell exhaustion in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:551-560. [PMID: 37481380 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Initially discovered in chronic viral infection and then extended to tumor, 'T-cell exhaustion' is a broad term describing the response of T cells to chronic antigen stimulation. By definition, whether T-cell exhaustion occurs in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains largely unknown because little has been described. Here, the immune-suppressing checkpoint molecules involved in T-cell exhaustion, including PD-1, PD-L1, TIM-3 and TIGIT, whose expression levels were analyzed in DLBCL, were retrieved from the GEPIA database. Compared with the normal control, CD8A, TNFA, IFNG and GZMA were markedly elevated in DLBCL, indicating that infiltrated CD8+ T cells predominate in DLBCL. Meanwhile, inhibitory immune checkpoints, such as PD-1, PD-L1, TIGIT and TIM-3 were drastically higher in DLBCL. PTEN, WNT2 and DKK3 expression were also appraised. It was revealed that PTEN was lower in DLBCL, without being statistically significant. In contrast with PTEN, DKK3 and WNT2 were shown to be pronouncedly higher in DLBCL relative to the normal control. Prognostically, only TIGIT was found to be associated with overall survival in DLBCL. Collectively, all the data we curetted from the GEPIA and TIMER 2.0 databases explicitly indicate that CD8+ T cell exhaustion took place, which may be linked with lower PTEN in DLBCL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bioinformatic report explicitly proposing that CD8+ T cell exhaustion occurs in DLBCL, which may be associated with lower PTEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- The Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Junna Li
- The Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xuelian Pang
- The Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Mingfu Ma
- The Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Zhiping Ma
- The Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Wenli Cui
- The Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Z, Zhu Q, Deng X, Yao W, Zhang W, Liu W, Tang Y, Zhao S. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with predominant CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T-cells is a distinct immune pattern with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987227. [PMID: 36325319 PMCID: PMC9618886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) has a rich tumor microenvironment (TME) that typically harbors plenty of CD4+tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, (TIL)-T-cells (so called common AITL). Nonetheless, AITL with large numbers of CD8+TIL-Ts that outnumber CD4+cells have been observed (CD8-predominant AITL). However, detailed comparison of CD8-predominant AITL and common AITL are still lacking. Methods We compared clinicopathological features, TIL subsets, TME T cell receptor-β (TRB), and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) repertoires, and gene expression profiles in six CD8-predominant and 12 common AITLs using case-control matching (2014 to 2019). Results Comparing with common AITLs, CD8-predominant AITLs showed more frequent edema (P = 0.011), effusion (P = 0.026), high elevated plasma EBV-DNA (P = 0.008), and shorter survival (P = 0.034). Moreover, they had more pronounced eosinophil increase (P = 0.004) and a higher Ki67 index (P = 0.041). Flow cytometry revealed an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio in TIL-Ts and lower TIL-B proportions (P = 0.041). TRB repertoire metrics deteriorated, including lower productive clones (P = 0.014) and higher clonality score (P = 0.019). The IGH repertoire was also narrowed, showing a higher proportion of the top 10 clones (P = 0.002) and lower entropy (P = 0.027). Gene expression analysis showed significant enrichment for upregulated negative regulation of immune system processes and downregulated T-cell activation and immune cell differentiation. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that CD8-predominant AITL is a distinct immune pattern of AITL characterized by anti-tumor immunity impairment and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. These characteristics can interpret its severe clinical manifestations and poor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Tang
- *Correspondence: Sha Zhao, ; Yuan Tang,
| | - Sha Zhao
- *Correspondence: Sha Zhao, ; Yuan Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gebauer N, Witte HM, Merz H, Oschlies I, Klapper W, Caliebe A, Tharun L, Spielmann M, von Bubnoff N, Feller AC, Murga Penas EM. Aggressive B-cell lymphoma cases with 11q aberration patterns indicate a spectrum beyond Burkitt-like lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5220-5225. [PMID: 34500469 PMCID: PMC9153036 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent characterization of a group of non-MYC rearranged aggressive B-cell lymphomas, resembling Burkitt lymphoma (BL), characteristically harboring a telomeric 11q loss or combined 11q proximal gains/loss pattern has led to the introduction of the provisional entity of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration (BLL-11q). Prompted by the discovery of a telomeric 11q loss in an HIV+ high-grade B-cell lymphoma patient, we investigated an extended cohort of aggressive B-cell lymphomas, enriched for cases with histopathological features intermediate between DLBCL and BL, including double- and triple-hit lymphomas (n = 47), for 11q loss/combined 11q proximal gains/loss pattern by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We provide first evidence that 11q aberrations can be found in both BLL in the context of an underlying HIV infection as well as in high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 rearrangements. We therefore propose that the clinicopathological spectrum of malignancies carrying this aberration may be broader than previously assumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gebauer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanno M. Witte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Merz
- Hämatopathologie Lübeck, Reference Centre for Lymph Node Pathology and Hematopathology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ilske Oschlies
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, Reference Centre for Lymph Node Pathology and Hematopathology
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, Reference Centre for Lymph Node Pathology and Hematopathology
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Lars Tharun
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alfred C. Feller
- Hämatopathologie Lübeck, Reference Centre for Lymph Node Pathology and Hematopathology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva M. Murga Penas
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shanavas M, Law SC, Hertzberg M, Hicks RJ, Seymour JF, Li Z, Merida de Long L, Nath K, Sabdia MB, Gunawardana J, Gandhi MK, Keane C. Intratumoral T-cell receptor repertoire is predictive of interim PET scan results in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/prednisolone/vincristine (R-CHOP) chemoimmunotherapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1351. [PMID: 34745610 PMCID: PMC8548874 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A diverse intratumoral T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is associated with improved survival in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/prednisolone/vincristine (R‐CHOP) chemoimmunotherapy. We explored the impact of intratumoral TCR repertoire on interim PET (iPET) done after four cycles of R‐CHOP, the relationships between intratumoral and circulating repertoire, and the phenotypes of expanded clonotypes. Methods We sequenced the third complementarity‐determining region of TCRβ in tumor samples, blood at pre‐therapy and after four cycles of R‐CHOP in 35 patients enrolled in ALLGNHL21 trial in high‐risk DLBCL. We correlated the TCR diversity metrics with iPET status, gene expression profiles and HLA‐class I genotypes. We then sequenced the FACS‐sorted peripheral blood T cells in six patients, and pentamer‐sorted EBV‐specific CD8+ T cells in one patient from this cohort. Results Compared with iPET− patients, the intratumoral TCR repertoire in iPET+ patients was characterised by higher cumulative frequency of abundant clonotypes and higher productive clonality. There was a variable overlap between circulating and intratumoral repertoires, with the dominant intratumoral clonotypes more likely to be detected in the blood. The majority of shared clonotypes were CD8+ PD‐1HI T cells, and CD8+ T cells had the largest clonal expansions in tumor and blood. In a patient with EBV+ DLBCL, EBV‐specific intratumoral clonotypes were trackable in the blood. Conclusion This study demonstrates that clonally expanded intratumoral TCR repertoires are associated with iPET+ and that the blood can be used to track tumor‐associated antigen‐specific clonotypes. These findings assist the rationale design and therapeutic monitoring of immunotherapeutic strategies in DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shanavas
- Mater Research University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Department of Haematology Mater Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Soi-Cheng Law
- Mater Research University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Mark Hertzberg
- Department of Haematology Prince of Wales Hospital and University of NSW Randwick NSW Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Department of Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - John F Seymour
- Department of Haematology Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Royal Melbourne Hospital & University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Translational Research Institute Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Woolloongabba QLD Australia
| | | | - Karthik Nath
- Mater Research University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | | | - Jay Gunawardana
- Mater Research University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Maher K Gandhi
- Mater Research University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Department of Haematology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Colm Keane
- Mater Research University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Department of Haematology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bauer M, Jasinski-Bergner S, Mandelboim O, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies and Immune Escape: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Cell Evasion Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205189. [PMID: 34680337 PMCID: PMC8533749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Epstein–Barr virus, also termed human herpes virus 4, is a human pathogenic double-stranded DNA virus. It is highly prevalent and has been linked to the development of 1–2% of cancers worldwide. EBV-associated malignancies encompass various structural and epigenetic alterations. In addition, EBV-encoded gene products and microRNAs interfere with innate and adaptive immunity and modulate the tumor microenvironment. This review provides an overview of the characteristic features of EBV with a focus on the intrinsic and extrinsic immune evasion strategies, which contribute to EBV-associated malignancies. Abstract The detailed mechanisms of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in the initiation and progression of EBV-associated malignancies are not yet completely understood. During the last years, new insights into the mechanisms of malignant transformation of EBV-infected cells including somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications, their impact on the microenvironment and resulting unique immune signatures related to immune system functional status and immune escape strategies have been reported. In this context, there exists increasing evidence that EBV-infected tumor cells can influence the tumor microenvironment to their own benefit by establishing an immune-suppressive surrounding. The identified mechanisms include EBV gene integration and latent expression of EBV-infection-triggered cytokines by tumor and/or bystander cells, e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts with effects on the composition and spatial distribution of the immune cell subpopulations next to the infected cells, stroma constituents and extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes (i) the typical stages of the viral life cycle and EBV-associated transformation, (ii) strategies to detect EBV genome and activity and to differentiate various latency types, (iii) the role of the tumor microenvironment in EBV-associated malignancies, (iv) the different immune escape mechanisms and (v) their clinical relevance. This gained information will enhance the development of therapies against EBV-mediated diseases to improve patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Department of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, En Kerem, P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Department of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Department of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(345)-557-1357
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prognostic impact of nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores in follicular lymphoma in the era of anti-CD20 targeted treatment strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:1789-1801. [PMID: 34415426 PMCID: PMC9189087 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is conditioned by immunity and the inflammatory response. Nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores have emerged as relevant predictors of survival outcome across a variety of hematological malignancies. METHODS In this retrospective multicenter trial, we ascertained the prognostic impact of established nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores [Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), C-reactive-protein/albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and prognostic index (PI)] in 209 eligible patients with histologically confirmed CD20+ follicular lymphoma (FL) of WHO grade 1 (37.3%), 1-2 (16.3%), 2 (26.8%) or 3A (19.8%) admitted to the participating centers between January 2000 and December 2019. Characteristics significantly associated with overall or progression-free survival (OS, PFS) upon univariate analysis were subsequently included in a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS In the study cohort, the median age was 63 (range 22-90 years). The median follow-up period covered 99 months. The GPS and the CAR were identified to predict survival in FL patients. The GPS was the only independent predictor of OS (p < 0.0001; HR 2.773; 95% CI 1.630-4.719) and PFS (p = 0.001; HR 1.995; 95% CI 1.352-2.944) upon multivariate analysis. Additionally, there was frequent occurrence of progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) in FL patients with a calculated GPS of 2. CONCLUSION The current results indicate that the GPS predicts especially OS in FL patients. Moreover, GPS was found to display disease-specific effects in regard to FL progression. These findings and potential combinations with additional established prognosticators should be further validated within prospective clinical trials.
Collapse
|
7
|
Systemic Inflammation and Tumour-Infiltrating T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity Are Predictive of Clinical Outcome in High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 Rearrangements. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040887. [PMID: 33672644 PMCID: PMC7924187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current version of the World-Health-Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues acknowledges the provisional entity of high-grade B-cell lymphoma, with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (HGBL-DH/TH) which is associated with dire prognosis compared to triple-negative diffuse-large-B-cell-lymphoma (tnDLBCL). There is growing evidence for the essential prognostic role of the tumor-microenvironment (TME) and especially the extent of tumor-infiltration by the adaptive immune-system through tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes (TIL) across a variety of cancers. More precisely, the clonal-architecture of the tumor-infiltrating T-cell-receptor (TCR)-repertoire has recently emerged as a key determinant of risk-stratification in patients with hematological malignancies. Moreover, inflammation-based prognostic-scores, such as the Glasgow-prognostic-score (GPS) were shown to reflect the TME. We therefore performed a large scale next-generation-sequencing (NGS) and clinicopathological study of the TCR-β-chain-repertoire in HGBL-DH/TH revealing several entity-exclusive clonotypes distinct from tnDLBCL, suggestive of tumor-neoantigen-selection and correlate our findings with the GPS in context of clinical outcome in HGBL-DH/TH. Abstract High-grade B-cell lymphoma, with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (double/triple-hit high grade B-cell lymphoma, HGBL-DH/TH) constitutes a provisional entity among B-cell malignancies with an aggressive behavior and dire prognosis. While evidence for the essential prognostic role of the composition of the tumor-microenvironment (TME) in hematologic malignancies is growing, its prognostic impact in HGBL-DH/TH remains unknown. In this study, we outline the adaptive immune response in a cohort of 47 HGBL-DH/TH and 27 triple-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (tnDLBCL) patients in a large-scale, next-generation sequencing (NGS) investigation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain repertoire and supplement our findings with data on the Glasgow-Prognostic Score (GPS) at diagnosis, as a score-derived measure of systemic inflammation. We supplement these studies with an immunophenotypic investigation of the TME. Our findings demonstrate that the clonal architecture of the TCR repertoire of HGBL-DH/TH differs significantly from tnDLBCL. Moreover, several entity-exclusive clonotypes, suggestive of tumor-neoantigen selection are identified. Additionally, both productive clonality and percentage of maximum frequency clone as measures of TCR repertoire diversity and tumor-directed activity of the adaptive immune system had significant impact on overall survival (OS; productive clonality: p = 0.0273; HR: 2.839; CI: 1.124–7.169; maximum productive frequency: p = 0.0307; HR: 2.167; CI: 1.074–4.370) but not PFS (productive clonality: p = 0.4459; maximum productive frequency: p = 0.5567) in HGBL-DH/TH patients, while GPS was a significant predictor of both OS and PFS (OS: p < 0.0001; PFS: p = 0.0002). Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed GPS and the revised international prognostic index (R-IPI) to be the only prognosticators holding significant impact for OS (GPS: p = 0.038; R-IPI: p = 0.006) and PFS (GPS: p = 0.029; R-IPI: p = 0.006) in HGBL-DH/TH. Through the identification of expanded, recurrent and entity-exclusive TCR-clonotypes we provide indications for a distinct subset of tumor-neoantigenic elements exclusively shared among HGBL-DH/TH. Further, we demonstrate an adverse prognostic role for both systemic inflammation and uniform adaptive immune response.
Collapse
|